Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Turizmde erişilebilirlik: Efes örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 408 - 418, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1631400
https://izlik.org/JA52SM27XG

Öz

Fiziksel engelli turistler, engeli olmayan insanlarla aynı turizm alanlarını ziyaret etme isteğine sahiptir. "Herkes için turizm" mottosuyla artan sayıda engelli bireye hitap etmek, turistlere erişilebilirlik sağlamak, y toplum üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahiptir. Çalışma, Efes'teki fiziksel engelli bireylerin karşılaştığı sorunları ele almaktadır. Durum çalışmaları, gözlemcinin, bireylerin bakış açısından anlamasını ve onların hayatı nasıl algıladıklarına dair en yakın anlayışı elde etmesini sağlar. Bu hedefe ulaşmak için genellikle katılımcı gözlem, yaşam öyküleri ve belge analizi gibi nitel araştırma yöntemleri ve teknikleri kullanılır. Engelli turizmi bağlamında, paydaşlardan Efes hakkında alınan görüşlere göre, engelli bireylerin rahatça dolaşamamaları durumunda ziyaret etme niyetinde olmayacakları belirtilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmacılar öncelikle tekerlekli sandalyelerle alanı kendileri gezmiş, notlar almış ve karşılaştıkları eksiklikleri fotoğraflamıştır. Efes'te fiziksel engelli bireyler için rampalar yapılması ve bozuk alanların uluslararası düzenlemelere uygun şekilde yeniden düzenlenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Selçuk Kaymakamlığı, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Valiliği ve Kültür Mirası ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü'nden alınan resmi izinlerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. TO&RE Dergisi, beyan edilenin aksine bir durumun ortaya çıkması halinde hiçbir sorumluluk kabul etmez ve tüm sorumluluk araştırmacılara aittir.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, P. A., & Adler, P. (1987). Membership Roles in Field Research. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Akurgal, E. (2000) Anadolu Kültür Tarihi, Tübitak. Ankara.
  • Atkinson, A. A., & Shaffir, W. (1998). Standards for field research in management accounting. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 10, 41-68
  • Bailey, C. (2006). The gerousia of Ephesus (Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia).
  • Becker, H. S., & Geer, B. (1957). Participant observation and interviewing: a comparison. Human Organization, 16(3), 28-32.
  • Bostan, A., Oduncuoğlu, F., & İpek, E. Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Engelli Turizmiyle İlgili Yapılan Uygulamalar ve Turizm Paydaşlarının Engelli Turizm Farkındalığı ‘‘Kuşadası Örneği’’, Romaya, 3(1),1-16.
  • Çakır, F. (2022). Structural performance evaluation of reconstructed masonry structure: a case of Ephesus Celsus Library in Turkey. Journal on Computing Cultural Heritage, 15 (4), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3517339
  • Chikuta, O., Kabote, F. & Chikanya, N. (2017). Tour guides' experiences with tourists with disabilities, European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 8(2), 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1515/ejthr-2017-0012
  • Chwaja, K., Chwaja, B., Marczak, I., & Kruczek, Z. (2025). Accessibility of tourist attractions for individuals with disabilities as a factor in the development of inclusive tourism: example of the świętokrzyskie region—Poland. Sustainability, 17(9), 3853. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093853
  • Creswell, J. W. (2018). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni, (Ed. Mesut Bütün ve Selçuk Beşir Demir, Çev. Miraç Aydın). Siyasal Kitapevi, Ankara.
  • Duignan, M.B., Brittain, I., Hansen, M., Fyall, A., Gerard, S. & Page, S. (2023). Leveraging accessible tourism development through mega-events, and the disability-attitude gap, Tourism Management, 99, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104766
  • Eidson, D. (2013). The celsus library at ephesus: spatial rhetoric, literacy, and hegemony in the eastern roman empire. Advances in the History of Rhetoric, 16(2), 189-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15362426.2013.828663
  • Ellis, J. W. (2023). Apostle paul in ephesus: christianity’s clash with the cult of artemis. European Journal of Theology and Philosophy, 3(1), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.24018/theology.2023.3.1.86
  • Erişilebilirlik Kılavuzu Binalar (2024). Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı, Artı 6 Medya Reklam Matbaa.
  • Evcil, A. N. (2018). Barriers and preferences to leisure activities for wheelchair users in historic places. Tourism Geographies, 20(4),698-715. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2017.1293721
  • Fine, S. (2014). 11 The menorah and the cross: historiographic reflections on a recent discovery from Laodicea on the Lycus. In Art, History and the Historiography of Judaism in Roman Antiquity (pp. 195-214). Brill.
  • Gillovic, B., & McIntosh, A. (2020). Accessibility and inclusive tourism development: current state and future agenda. Sustainability, 12(22), 9722. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229722
  • Ginis, K. A. M., Van Der Ploeg, H. P., Foster, C., Lai, B., McBride, C. B., Ng, K., Pratt, M., Shirazipour, C.H., Smith, B., Vasquez, P.M., & Heath, G. W. (2021). Participation in people living with disabilities in physical activity: a global perspective. The Lancet, 398(10298), 443-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01164-8
  • Gołębieska, K., Ostrowska-Tryzno, A., & Pawlikowska-Piechotka, A. (2020). Mobility and sustainable religious tourism–accessibility of holy sites. Sport and Tourism Central European Journal, 3(4), 99-117. https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2020.03.31
  • Gromacki, G. (2011). The Spiritual War for Ephesus. Journal of Ministry and Theology, 15.77-131.
  • Hofbauer, M. (2012). New Investigations in the Ephesian Theatre: The Hellenistic Skene, The Architecture of the Ancient Greek Theatre (Ed. Rune Frederiksen, Elizabeth R. Gebhard and Alexander Sokolicek), Aarhus University Press, England.
  • Iannantuono, K. (2021). A Christian Emperor between Pagan Gods: The Late-Antique Fate of the ‘Temple of Hadrian’at Ephesus and Possible Approaches to Contested Monuments. Journal of Applied History, 3(1-2), 3-46. https://doi.org/10.1163/25895893-bja10013
  • Jamin, A., Gbadamosi, G., & Stoyanova-Bozhkova, S. (2024). The ecosystem of disability inclusion in Hospitality and tourism organisations: an integrative review and research agenda. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 36(13), 38-56. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2023-0581
  • Karacabey,F.A.,Akpınar, G. & Konaklıoğlu, E. (2024). Görme engelli bireylerin turizmde erişilebilirlik deneyimleri: tekli bütüncül örnek olay çalışması, International Euroasia Congress On Scientific Researches and Recent Trends 13, Ankara.
  • Karovska Ristovska, A.& Minov, N. (2022). Universal design and cultural heritage. Studia Universitatis Hereditati, 10, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.26493/2350-5443.10(2)27-33
  • Kesim, M.M. & Yılmaz, Y. (2024). Engelli yerli turistlerin turizmde yaşadıkları sorunlar: çevrim içi platformlardaki şikâyetler üzerinden bir değerlendirme. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Issues, 6(2), 233-250. https://doi.org/10.51525/johti.1563322
  • Kılıçarslan, Ö. and Yozukmaz, N. (2022). Dünyadan örneklerle sağlık turizmi ve rekreasyon arasındaki ilişkiye dair bir inceleme, Pamukkale Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 53 (2), 385-402.
  • Kruczek, Z., Gmyrek, K. Ziz˙ka, D. Korbiel, K. & Nowak, K. (2024). Accessibility of cultural heritage sites for people with disabilities: a case study on Krakow museums. Sustainability, 16, 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010318.
  • Mastrogiuseppe, M., Span, S., & Bortolotti, E. (2021). Improving accessibility to cultural heritage for people with intellectual disabilities: a tool for observing the obstacles and facilitators for access to knowledge. Alter, 15(2), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alter.2020.06.016
  • Merriam SB. (2018), Nitel Araştırma Desen ve Uygulama için Bir Rehber, (3rd ed) Selahattin Turan (Çev. Ed) Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, 29-31.
  • Meskele, A. T., Woreta, S. L., & Weldesenbet, E. G. (2018). Accessible tourism challenges and development issues in tourist facilities and attraction sites of the Amhara Region World Heritage Sites, Ethiopia. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 11(1), 26-37.
  • Nilmanat, K. & Kurniawan, T. (2021). The quest in case study research, Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 25(1), 1-6.
  • Nyman, E., Westin, K. & Carson, D. (2018). Tourism destination choice set for families with wheelchair-bound children, Tourism Recreation Research, 43(1),26-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281 .2017.1362172
  • Oduncuoğlu, F. & Efendi, M. (2020). Engelli turizminde turist rehberliği uygulamaları üzerine niteliksel bir araştırma, Journal of Yasar University, 15(60), 708-727. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.726236
  • Parthasarathy, A., Smitha, G., Bhanu, T.T. & Unnikrishnan, H. (2020). Destinational sustainability analysis through netnography: review on hampi’s attraction, Accessibility and Amenities, Accessibility and Amenities (August 21, 2020). Available at SSRN: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3678468 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3678468
  • Perangin- Angin, R., Tavakoli, R. & Kusumo, C. (2023). Inclusive tourism: the experiences and expectations of Indonesian wheelchair tourists in nature tourism, Tourism Recreation Research, 48(6), 955-968. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2221092
  • Rubio-Escuderos, L., García-Andreu, H., Michopoulou, E., & Buhalis, D. (2024). Perspectives on experiences of tourists with disabilities: implications for their daily lives and for the tourist industry. Tourism Recreation Research, 49(1), 48-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1981071
  • Sakarneh, M. A., & Katanani, H. J. (2021). Obstacles facing disabled people in accessing the historical and archaeological sites in Jordan, Journal of Educational and Social Research, 11(2), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0045
  • Singh, R., Sibi, P. S., Yost, E., & Mann, D. S. (2021). Tourism and disability: a bibliometric Review. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(5), 749-765. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1959 768
  • Sisto, R., Cappelletti, G. M., Bianchi, P., & Sica, E. (2022). Sustainable and accessible tourism in natural areas: a participatory approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(8), 1307-1324. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1920002
  • Somnuxpong, S., & Wiwatwongwana, R. (2020). The ability to support accessible tourism in Chiang Mai, Thailand. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(1), 1-16.
  • Sroczynska, J. (2019). Enhancing the attractiveness of architectural monuments as tourist attractions: medieval castle ruins in the area of Jura Krakowsko-Czestochowska in Poland as a case study, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Purpose-Led Publishing, 471(8), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/471/8/082062
  • Stankov, U., Vujičić, M.D., Orero, P. & Gretzel, U. (2024). Accessibility of tourism 4.0: designing more meaningful and inclusive tourist experiences. Universal Access Information Society, 23, 1503–1506 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-024-01109-y
  • Strocka, V. M. (2003). Ancient libraries in Anatolia: libraries of Hattusha, Pergamon, Ephesus, Nysa, Middle East Technical University Library, 33 – 43.
  • Strabon, G. (2009). Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası. Kitap: XII-XIII-XIV, (Ed. Nezih Başgelen, Çev. Adnan Pekman) Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Takeda, K. & Card, J. A. (2002). US tour operators and travel agencies: barriers encountered when providing package tours to people who have difficulty walking. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 12(1), 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1300/j073v12n01_03
  • Tozlu, E., Mercan, Ş.O. & Atay, L. (2012). Çanakkale’ nin engelli turizmine ilişkin durumunun belirlenmesine ve planlanmasına yönelik bir çalışma, Aksaray Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 4(1),1-16.
  • Turapova, S.N. (2024). from ancıent archıves to modern lıbrarıes: a journey through lıbrary management practıces. European International Journal of Pedagogics, 4(03), 100–105. Retrieved from https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/eijp/article/view/30958
  • UNESCO (2015), Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2015/whc15-39com-inf8B1-en.pdf
  • Weiss, C. F., 2010. Performativity of Place: movement and water in second century A.D. Ephesus. In: A. Moore, et al. eds. TRAC 2009: Proceedings of the 19th Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 66-74.
  • WHO (2023), “Disability and health”, available at: www.who.int/
  • Yazır, R. (1982). Anadolu Uygarlıkları Görsel Anadolu Tarihi Ansiklopedisi.
  • Yoncacı, P. (2007). Roman urban space framed by colonnades: Mediating between myth, memory and history in Ephesus (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University (Turkey).
  • Zahari, N. F., Kamarudin, H., Zawawi, Z. A., Rashid, R. A., & Bahari, M. M. (2023). Herıtage tourısm: a dısabled person's rıghts to engage in socıal actıvıty. Planning Malaysia, 21.484-494.https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i25.1252

Accessibility in tourism: A case of Ephesus

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 408 - 418, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1631400
https://izlik.org/JA52SM27XG

Öz

Tourists with physical disabilities intend to visit tourism sites just like those without disabilities. Due to the increasing number of disabilities, tourists' understanding of "tourism for all" has an important effect on society. The study addresses the problems encountered by individuals with physical disabilities in Ephesus. This study allows the observer to understand the perspective of the individuals being studied and to try to obtain the closest understanding of how they perceive life. To achieve this goal, qualitative research methods and techniques such as participant observation, life stories, and document analysis are generally used. In the context of disabled tourism, according to the opinions received from stakeholders about Ephesus, it has been stated that disabled individuals will not have the intention to visit if they cannot walk around comfortably. In this direction, the researchers first toured the area themselves with wheelchairs, took notes, and photographed the deficiencies they encountered. It is emphasized that ramps should be built for physically disabled individuals in Ephesus and that broken areas should be rearranged according to international regulations.

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted with official permissions obtained from the Selçuk District Governorship of the Republic of Türkiye, the Governorship of the Republic of Türkiye, and the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums. TO&RE Journal has no responsibility in the event of a situation contrary to what is declared, and all responsibility belongs to the researchers.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, P. A., & Adler, P. (1987). Membership Roles in Field Research. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Akurgal, E. (2000) Anadolu Kültür Tarihi, Tübitak. Ankara.
  • Atkinson, A. A., & Shaffir, W. (1998). Standards for field research in management accounting. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 10, 41-68
  • Bailey, C. (2006). The gerousia of Ephesus (Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia).
  • Becker, H. S., & Geer, B. (1957). Participant observation and interviewing: a comparison. Human Organization, 16(3), 28-32.
  • Bostan, A., Oduncuoğlu, F., & İpek, E. Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Engelli Turizmiyle İlgili Yapılan Uygulamalar ve Turizm Paydaşlarının Engelli Turizm Farkındalığı ‘‘Kuşadası Örneği’’, Romaya, 3(1),1-16.
  • Çakır, F. (2022). Structural performance evaluation of reconstructed masonry structure: a case of Ephesus Celsus Library in Turkey. Journal on Computing Cultural Heritage, 15 (4), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3517339
  • Chikuta, O., Kabote, F. & Chikanya, N. (2017). Tour guides' experiences with tourists with disabilities, European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 8(2), 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1515/ejthr-2017-0012
  • Chwaja, K., Chwaja, B., Marczak, I., & Kruczek, Z. (2025). Accessibility of tourist attractions for individuals with disabilities as a factor in the development of inclusive tourism: example of the świętokrzyskie region—Poland. Sustainability, 17(9), 3853. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093853
  • Creswell, J. W. (2018). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni, (Ed. Mesut Bütün ve Selçuk Beşir Demir, Çev. Miraç Aydın). Siyasal Kitapevi, Ankara.
  • Duignan, M.B., Brittain, I., Hansen, M., Fyall, A., Gerard, S. & Page, S. (2023). Leveraging accessible tourism development through mega-events, and the disability-attitude gap, Tourism Management, 99, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104766
  • Eidson, D. (2013). The celsus library at ephesus: spatial rhetoric, literacy, and hegemony in the eastern roman empire. Advances in the History of Rhetoric, 16(2), 189-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15362426.2013.828663
  • Ellis, J. W. (2023). Apostle paul in ephesus: christianity’s clash with the cult of artemis. European Journal of Theology and Philosophy, 3(1), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.24018/theology.2023.3.1.86
  • Erişilebilirlik Kılavuzu Binalar (2024). Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı, Artı 6 Medya Reklam Matbaa.
  • Evcil, A. N. (2018). Barriers and preferences to leisure activities for wheelchair users in historic places. Tourism Geographies, 20(4),698-715. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2017.1293721
  • Fine, S. (2014). 11 The menorah and the cross: historiographic reflections on a recent discovery from Laodicea on the Lycus. In Art, History and the Historiography of Judaism in Roman Antiquity (pp. 195-214). Brill.
  • Gillovic, B., & McIntosh, A. (2020). Accessibility and inclusive tourism development: current state and future agenda. Sustainability, 12(22), 9722. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229722
  • Ginis, K. A. M., Van Der Ploeg, H. P., Foster, C., Lai, B., McBride, C. B., Ng, K., Pratt, M., Shirazipour, C.H., Smith, B., Vasquez, P.M., & Heath, G. W. (2021). Participation in people living with disabilities in physical activity: a global perspective. The Lancet, 398(10298), 443-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01164-8
  • Gołębieska, K., Ostrowska-Tryzno, A., & Pawlikowska-Piechotka, A. (2020). Mobility and sustainable religious tourism–accessibility of holy sites. Sport and Tourism Central European Journal, 3(4), 99-117. https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2020.03.31
  • Gromacki, G. (2011). The Spiritual War for Ephesus. Journal of Ministry and Theology, 15.77-131.
  • Hofbauer, M. (2012). New Investigations in the Ephesian Theatre: The Hellenistic Skene, The Architecture of the Ancient Greek Theatre (Ed. Rune Frederiksen, Elizabeth R. Gebhard and Alexander Sokolicek), Aarhus University Press, England.
  • Iannantuono, K. (2021). A Christian Emperor between Pagan Gods: The Late-Antique Fate of the ‘Temple of Hadrian’at Ephesus and Possible Approaches to Contested Monuments. Journal of Applied History, 3(1-2), 3-46. https://doi.org/10.1163/25895893-bja10013
  • Jamin, A., Gbadamosi, G., & Stoyanova-Bozhkova, S. (2024). The ecosystem of disability inclusion in Hospitality and tourism organisations: an integrative review and research agenda. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 36(13), 38-56. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2023-0581
  • Karacabey,F.A.,Akpınar, G. & Konaklıoğlu, E. (2024). Görme engelli bireylerin turizmde erişilebilirlik deneyimleri: tekli bütüncül örnek olay çalışması, International Euroasia Congress On Scientific Researches and Recent Trends 13, Ankara.
  • Karovska Ristovska, A.& Minov, N. (2022). Universal design and cultural heritage. Studia Universitatis Hereditati, 10, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.26493/2350-5443.10(2)27-33
  • Kesim, M.M. & Yılmaz, Y. (2024). Engelli yerli turistlerin turizmde yaşadıkları sorunlar: çevrim içi platformlardaki şikâyetler üzerinden bir değerlendirme. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Issues, 6(2), 233-250. https://doi.org/10.51525/johti.1563322
  • Kılıçarslan, Ö. and Yozukmaz, N. (2022). Dünyadan örneklerle sağlık turizmi ve rekreasyon arasındaki ilişkiye dair bir inceleme, Pamukkale Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 53 (2), 385-402.
  • Kruczek, Z., Gmyrek, K. Ziz˙ka, D. Korbiel, K. & Nowak, K. (2024). Accessibility of cultural heritage sites for people with disabilities: a case study on Krakow museums. Sustainability, 16, 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010318.
  • Mastrogiuseppe, M., Span, S., & Bortolotti, E. (2021). Improving accessibility to cultural heritage for people with intellectual disabilities: a tool for observing the obstacles and facilitators for access to knowledge. Alter, 15(2), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alter.2020.06.016
  • Merriam SB. (2018), Nitel Araştırma Desen ve Uygulama için Bir Rehber, (3rd ed) Selahattin Turan (Çev. Ed) Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, 29-31.
  • Meskele, A. T., Woreta, S. L., & Weldesenbet, E. G. (2018). Accessible tourism challenges and development issues in tourist facilities and attraction sites of the Amhara Region World Heritage Sites, Ethiopia. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 11(1), 26-37.
  • Nilmanat, K. & Kurniawan, T. (2021). The quest in case study research, Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 25(1), 1-6.
  • Nyman, E., Westin, K. & Carson, D. (2018). Tourism destination choice set for families with wheelchair-bound children, Tourism Recreation Research, 43(1),26-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281 .2017.1362172
  • Oduncuoğlu, F. & Efendi, M. (2020). Engelli turizminde turist rehberliği uygulamaları üzerine niteliksel bir araştırma, Journal of Yasar University, 15(60), 708-727. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.726236
  • Parthasarathy, A., Smitha, G., Bhanu, T.T. & Unnikrishnan, H. (2020). Destinational sustainability analysis through netnography: review on hampi’s attraction, Accessibility and Amenities, Accessibility and Amenities (August 21, 2020). Available at SSRN: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3678468 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3678468
  • Perangin- Angin, R., Tavakoli, R. & Kusumo, C. (2023). Inclusive tourism: the experiences and expectations of Indonesian wheelchair tourists in nature tourism, Tourism Recreation Research, 48(6), 955-968. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2221092
  • Rubio-Escuderos, L., García-Andreu, H., Michopoulou, E., & Buhalis, D. (2024). Perspectives on experiences of tourists with disabilities: implications for their daily lives and for the tourist industry. Tourism Recreation Research, 49(1), 48-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1981071
  • Sakarneh, M. A., & Katanani, H. J. (2021). Obstacles facing disabled people in accessing the historical and archaeological sites in Jordan, Journal of Educational and Social Research, 11(2), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0045
  • Singh, R., Sibi, P. S., Yost, E., & Mann, D. S. (2021). Tourism and disability: a bibliometric Review. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(5), 749-765. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1959 768
  • Sisto, R., Cappelletti, G. M., Bianchi, P., & Sica, E. (2022). Sustainable and accessible tourism in natural areas: a participatory approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(8), 1307-1324. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1920002
  • Somnuxpong, S., & Wiwatwongwana, R. (2020). The ability to support accessible tourism in Chiang Mai, Thailand. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(1), 1-16.
  • Sroczynska, J. (2019). Enhancing the attractiveness of architectural monuments as tourist attractions: medieval castle ruins in the area of Jura Krakowsko-Czestochowska in Poland as a case study, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Purpose-Led Publishing, 471(8), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/471/8/082062
  • Stankov, U., Vujičić, M.D., Orero, P. & Gretzel, U. (2024). Accessibility of tourism 4.0: designing more meaningful and inclusive tourist experiences. Universal Access Information Society, 23, 1503–1506 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-024-01109-y
  • Strocka, V. M. (2003). Ancient libraries in Anatolia: libraries of Hattusha, Pergamon, Ephesus, Nysa, Middle East Technical University Library, 33 – 43.
  • Strabon, G. (2009). Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası. Kitap: XII-XIII-XIV, (Ed. Nezih Başgelen, Çev. Adnan Pekman) Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Takeda, K. & Card, J. A. (2002). US tour operators and travel agencies: barriers encountered when providing package tours to people who have difficulty walking. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 12(1), 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1300/j073v12n01_03
  • Tozlu, E., Mercan, Ş.O. & Atay, L. (2012). Çanakkale’ nin engelli turizmine ilişkin durumunun belirlenmesine ve planlanmasına yönelik bir çalışma, Aksaray Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 4(1),1-16.
  • Turapova, S.N. (2024). from ancıent archıves to modern lıbrarıes: a journey through lıbrary management practıces. European International Journal of Pedagogics, 4(03), 100–105. Retrieved from https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/eijp/article/view/30958
  • UNESCO (2015), Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2015/whc15-39com-inf8B1-en.pdf
  • Weiss, C. F., 2010. Performativity of Place: movement and water in second century A.D. Ephesus. In: A. Moore, et al. eds. TRAC 2009: Proceedings of the 19th Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 66-74.
  • WHO (2023), “Disability and health”, available at: www.who.int/
  • Yazır, R. (1982). Anadolu Uygarlıkları Görsel Anadolu Tarihi Ansiklopedisi.
  • Yoncacı, P. (2007). Roman urban space framed by colonnades: Mediating between myth, memory and history in Ephesus (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University (Turkey).
  • Zahari, N. F., Kamarudin, H., Zawawi, Z. A., Rashid, R. A., & Bahari, M. M. (2023). Herıtage tourısm: a dısabled person's rıghts to engage in socıal actıvıty. Planning Malaysia, 21.484-494.https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i25.1252
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ülker Çolakoğlu 0000-0003-1265-3319

Ceyda Isık 0000-0002-0868-6348

Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1631400
IZ https://izlik.org/JA52SM27XG
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çolakoğlu, Ü., & Isık, C. (2025). Accessibility in tourism: A case of Ephesus. Tourism and Recreation, 7(2), 408-418. https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1631400