The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express

Gönül Akın

doi:10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1895492

TR EN

Tarihi İstanbul-Sofya ekspresinin turistik önemi

Öz

İmaj Tarihi İstanbul-Sofya Ekspresi, zengin kültürel miras ve tarihi öneme sahip bir güzergâh boyunca Türkiye ve Bulgaristan arasında uluslararası demiryolu taşımacılığı sağlamaktadır. Bir asırdan fazla süredir faaliyet gösteren ve Avrupa ile Asya arasında yüzyıllarca süren ticaret, göç ve kültürel alışverişe tanıklık eden coğrafyalardan geçen bu demiryolu hattı, akademik alanda çok az ilgi görmüştür. Mevcut araştırmalar, güzergâhı operasyonel veya altyapısal perspektiflerden incelerken, yolcular için en önemli olan deneyimsel ve sembolik boyutları göz ardı etmektedir. Bu çalışma, İstanbul-Sofya Ekspresi ile ilişkili yolcu deneyimlerinin ve anlamlarının farklı sosyal medya platformlarında nasıl oluşturulduğunu ve iletildiğini inceleyerek bu araştırma boşluğunu ele almaktadır. Araştırma, TripAdvisor, Facebook ve X(önceden Twitter)'den toplanan 62 kullanıcı tarafından oluşturulan metinsel girdiyi analiz eden nitel birçok platformlu içerik analizi tasarımını kullanmaktadır. Metodolojik yaklaşım, MAXQDA Analytics Pro’da yürütülen sözcük sıklığı ve kelime bulutu incelemelerini manuel yorumlayıcı nitel kodlama ile birlikte kullanmaktadır. Sözcüksel çıktılar yalnızca betimleyici destek olarak değerlendirilmiş; nihai temalar bağlamsal anlam ve platforma özgü söylem özellikleri dikkate alınarak tümevarımsal-tümdengelimsel tematik kodlama yoluyla oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma bulguları, yolcu söylemini yapılandıran altı baskın deneyimsel temayı ortaya koymaktadır: nostalji ve kültürel miras, sınır kontrolleri ve bürokratik sürtüşme, geceleme konforu ve seyahat koşulları, manzaralı ve uluslararası yolculuk, hizmet güvenilirliği ve operasyonlar ile biletleme ve dijital erişilebilirlik.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İstanbul-Sofya Ekspresi, Demiryolu Taşımacılığı, Seyahat Deneyimi, Kültürel Miras, Nostaljik Deneyim

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma yalnızca ikincil kaynaklar kullanılarak yürütüldüğü için etik kurul onayı gerekmemiştir. Aksi yönde bir karar alınması durumunda, TO&RE Dergisi hiçbir sorumluluk kabul etmez; tüm sorumluluk yalnızca yazara aittir. Bu çalışmada analiz edilen tüm veriler, yalnızca TripAdvisor, Facebook ve X'in herkese açık bölümlerinden toplanmıştır. Veri kümesinde yer alan içerik, kullanıcılar tarafından kayıt veya kimlik doğrulama gerektirmeyen açık, herkese açık çevrimiçi alanlarda gönüllü olarak yayınlanmıştır ve yetkisiz erişim, özel profillerin kazınması veya platform erişim kontrollerinin aşılması yoluyla elde edilmemiştir. İnternet araştırmaları için belirlenmiş etik yönergeler doğrultusunda (İnternet Araştırmacıları Birliği [AoIR], 2020; İngiliz Psikoloji Derneği, 2021), herkese açık çevrimiçi ortamlarda yayınlanan içeriğin, özel iletişimlere kıyasla genellikle daha düşük bir gizlilik beklentisi taşıdığı kabul edilir. Bununla birlikte, bu tür verilerin etik kullanımı, burada sağlanan açık bir gerekçe gerektirir. Veri toplama işleminden önce platformların Hizmet Şartları incelenmiştir: TripAdvisor, Facebook ve X, bireysel kullanıcıların kimliklerinin açıklanmaması, gönderilerin metinsel içeriğinin ötesinde kişisel verilerin toplanmaması ve verilerin yeniden dağıtılmaması koşuluyla, araştırma amaçlı olarak kamuya açık olarak yayınlanan içeriğe ticari olmayan akademik erişime izin vermektedir. Bu koşullar mevcut çalışmada tamamen yerine getirilmiştir. Kullanıcı anonimliğini korumak için, kullanıcı adları, hesap tanımlayıcıları, profil bilgileri veya diğer kişisel olarak tanımlanabilir ayrıntılar kaydedilmemiş veya saklanmamıştır. Analizde kullanılan tüm alıntı metinsel bölümler, bireysel kullanıcıların kimliklerinin belirlenmesini önlemek amacıyla özetlenmiş veya toplu tematik biçimde sunulmuştur. İçeriği belirli bireylere bağlama girişiminde bulunulmamış ve veriler güvenli bir şekilde saklanmış ve yalnızca yazar tarafından erişilmiştir. Çalışma, katılımcılarla doğrudan temas içermemiş, demografik veya hassas kişisel veriler toplamamış ve herhangi bir aldatma veya müdahale biçimi içermemiştir. Buna göre, araştırma, Belmont Raporu'nda ve daha sonraki internet araştırma etiği çerçevelerinde belirtilen kişilere saygı, iyilikseverlik ve adalet etik ilkelerine uymaktadır. Yazar, tüm işlemlerin ilgili kurumsal ve disipliner etik standartlarına uygun olarak yürütüldüğünü beyan eder.

The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express

Öz

The historical Istanbul-Sofia Express provides international railway transportation between Türkiye and Bulgaria along some route rich in cultural heritage and historical significance. Despite operating for over a century and traversing landscapes that witnessed centuries of trade, migration, and cultural exchange between Europe and Asia, this railway line has received minimal academic attention. Existing research examines the route primarily from operational or infrastructural perspectives, overlooking the experiential and symbolic dimensions that matter most to passengers. This study addresses this research gap by examining how passenger experiences and meanings associated with the Istanbul-Sofia Express are constructed and communicated across different social media platforms. The research employs a qualitative multi-platform content analysis design, analyzing 62 user-generated textual entries collected from TripAdvisor, Facebook, and X (formerly Twitter). The methodological approach combines MAXQDA-supported lexical frequency analysis with manual interpretive qualitative coding. Word-frequency and word-cloud outputs were used as descriptive aids, while the final themes were developed through inductive-deductive thematic coding with sensitivity to contextual meaning and platform-specific discourse characteristics. The findings reveal six dominant experiential themes structuring passenger discourse: nostalgia and cultural heritage, border controls and bureaucratic friction, overnight comfort and travel conditions, scenic and transnational journey, service reliability and operations and ticketing and digital accessibility.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Istanbul-Sofia Express, Railway Transportation, Travel Experience, Cultural Heritage, Nostalgic Experience

Etik Beyan

Since this study was conducted using secondary sources only, ethics committee approval was not required. In the event of any determination to the contrary, TO&RE Journal assumes no responsibility; all responsibility rests solely with the author. All data analyzed in this study were collected exclusively from publicly accessible sections of TripAdvisor, Facebook, and X. The content included in the dataset was voluntarily posted by users in open, publicly visible online spaces that do not require registration or authentication to view, and was not retrieved through any form of unauthorized access, scraping of private profiles, or circumvention of platform access controls. In line with established ethical guidelines for internet research (Association of Internet Researchers [AoIR], 2020; British Psychological Society, 2021), content posted in public-facing online environments is generally considered to carry a reduced expectation of privacy compared to private communications. Nevertheless, the ethical use of such data requires explicit justification, which is provided here. The platforms’ Terms of Service were consulted before data collection: TripAdvisor, Facebook, and X each permit non-commercial academic access to publicly posted content for research purposes, provided that individual users are not identified, no personal data are harvested beyond the textual content of posts, and the data are not redistributed. These conditions were fully observed in the present study. To protect user anonymity, no usernames, account identifiers, profile information, or other personally identifiable details were recorded or retained. All quoted textual excerpts used in the analysis were paraphrased or presented in aggregated thematic form so as to prevent identification of individual users. No attempt was made to link content to specific individuals, and the data were stored securely and accessed only by the author. The study did not involve direct contact with participants, did not collect demographic or sensitive personal data, and did not involve any form of deception or intervention. Accordingly, the research adheres to the ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice as articulated in the Belmont Report and subsequent internet research ethics frameworks. The author declares that all procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant institutional and disciplinary ethical standards.

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Rekreasyon, Tatil ve Turizm Coğrafyası

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Gönül Akın ^*
0000-0002-7279-4511
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

1 Temmuz 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

23 Şubat 2026

Kabul Tarihi

29 Haziran 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1895492

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA24EJ65JE

APA

Akın, G. (2026). The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express. Tourism and Recreation, 8(1), 245-256. https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1895492

AMA

1.Akın G. The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express. TO&RE. 2026;8(1):245-256. doi:10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1895492

Chicago

Akın, Gönül. 2026. “The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express”. Tourism and Recreation 8 (1): 245-56. https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1895492.

EndNote

Akın G (01 Temmuz 2026) The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express. Tourism and Recreation 8 1 245–256.

IEEE

[1]G. Akın, “The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express”, TO&RE, c. 8, sy 1, ss. 245–256, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1895492.

ISNAD

Akın, Gönül. “The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express”. Tourism and Recreation 8/1 (01 Temmuz 2026): 245-256. https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1895492.

JAMA

1.Akın G. The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express. TO&RE. 2026;8:245–256.

MLA

Akın, Gönül. “The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express”. Tourism and Recreation, c. 8, sy 1, Temmuz 2026, ss. 245-56, doi:10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1895492.

Vancouver

1.Gönül Akın. The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express. TO&RE. 01 Temmuz 2026;8(1):245-56. doi:10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1895492

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Tarihi İstanbul-Sofya ekspresinin turistik önemi

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The touristic significance of the historical Istanbul-Sofia express

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