Dönüşümsel liderlik ve yenilikçi iş davranışı: Bilgi paylaşımının aracı rolü

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 106 - 117, 31.12.2020

Ekrem Aydın Eren Erkılıç

Öz

Bu çalışma dönüşümsel liderlik ile yenilikçi iş davranışı ilişkisinde bilgi paylaşımının rolünü araştırmaktadır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’nin Samsun ilinde faaliyet gösteren 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otel işletmeleri çalışanlarından 287 anket toplanmış ve smartpls3 ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre dönüşümsel liderlik yenilikçi iş davranışını, bilgi almayı ve bilgi vermeyi olumlu etkilemektedir. İlaveten, bilgi alma yenilikçi iş davranışını olumlu etkilemektedir. Ayrıca, dönüşümsel liderlik yenilikçi iş davranışı arası ilişkide bilgi alma aracı etkiye sahiptir. Diğer taraftan bilgi vermenin yenilikçi iş davranışı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi yoktur. Araştırma sonuçları teori ve uygulma açısından önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dönüşümcü liderlik, yenilikçi iş davranışı, bilgi toplama, bilgi verme, otel endüstrisi, Türkiye

Transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour: The mediating role of knowledge sharing

Öz

This study investigates the function of knowledge sharing in the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour. To fulfil this purpose, 287 questionnaires were collected from the employees of 4 and 5-star hotels operating in Turkey's Samsun province and were analyzed with the help of smartpls3. According to the research results, transformational leadership (TL) positively affects innovative work behaviour (IWB), knowledge collecting (KC), and knowledge donating (KD). Additionally, KC positively impacts IWB. Besides, KC has a mediating effect on the relationship between TL and IWB. On the other hand, it was ended that KD does not have a fundamental effect on IWB. The results of the research offer significant implications for theory and practice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transformational leadership, innovative work behaviour, knowledge collecting, knowledge donating, hotel industry, Turkey

Kaynakça

• Abukhait, R. M., Bani-melhem, S., & Zeffane, R. (2019). Empowerment, knowledge sharing and innovative behaviours: Exploring gender differences. International Journal of Innovation Management, 23(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919619500063
• Afsar, B., Masood, M., & Umrani, W. A. (2019). The role of job crafting and knowledge sharing on the effect of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior. Personnel Review, 48(5), 1186–1208. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2018-0133
• Ağaoğlu, O. K.(1992). İşgücünü Verimli Kullanma Tekniklerinin Turizm Sektörüne Uygulanması [Application of Efficient Use of Workforce Techniques to Tourism Sector], Verimlilik Dergisi, Milli Prodüktivite Yayını No: 457, Ankara.
• Alzyoud, S., Partington, S. N., Mitchell, C., & Tom-Dieck, D. (2017). Employee Innovation in the Hospitality Industry: the Mediating Role of Psychological Safety.
• Aryee, S., Walumbwa, F. O., Zhou, Q., & Hartnell, C. A. (2012). Transformational leadership, innovative behavior, and task performance: Test of mediation and moderation processes. Human Performance, 25(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2011.631648
• Avcı, U., & Turunç, Ö. (2012). Dönüşümcü Liderlik ve Örgüte Güvenin Kariyer Memnuniyetine Etkisi: Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Aracılık Rolü [The Impact of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Trust on Career Satisfaction: Mediating Role of Leader-Member Exchange Quality]. Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 45-55.
• Ayazlar, G. (2012). Otel İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Öğrenme ve Bilgi Paylaşımının Hizmet İnovasyon Performansına Etkisi: Kuşadası 5 Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma [The Effect of Organizational Learning And Knowledge Share on Service Innovation Performance At Hotel Managements: A Study of 5 Stars Hotels in Kuşadası], Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
• Ayhün, S. E. & Celep, O. (2019). Dönüşümsel ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik Tarzlarının Sosyal Sermaye ve Lider-Üye Etkileşimine Etkisi: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma [The Effect of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles on Social Capital and Leader-Member Interaction: A Research in Hotel Businesses]. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 14 (2), 133-152.
• Bartol, K. M., & Srivastava, A. (2002). Encouraging Knowledge Sharing: The Role of Organizational Reward Systems. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(1), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190200900105 Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: learning to share the vision. Organızational Dynamics, 18, 19-31.
• Bednall, T. C., Rafferty, A. E., Shipton, H., Sanders, K., & Jackson, C. J. (2018). Innovative behaviour : How much transformational leadership do you need ? British Journal of Management, 29, 796–816. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12275
• Birasnav, M. (2014). Knowledge management and organizational performance in the service industry: The role of transformational leadership beyond the effects of transactional leadership. Journal of Business Research, 67(8), 1622–1629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.09.006
• Bock, G.-W., Zmud, R. W., Kim, Y., & Lee, J. (2005). Behavioral Intention Formation in Knowledge Sharing: Examining the Roles of Extrinsic Motivators, Social-Psychological Forces, and Organizational Climate. MIS Quarterly, 29(1), 87–111. Brislin, R. . (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216.
• Carless, S. A., Wearing, A. J., & Mann, L. (2000). A short measure of transformational leadership. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(3), 389–405. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022991115523
• Ceylan, A., & Özbal, S. (2005). Yenilikçi iş davranışı ve çalışanların adalet algıları arasındaki ilişkiler üzerine bankacılık sektöründe yapılan bir çalışma [A Study in Banking About The Relationship Between The Fairness Perceptions and The Innovative Work Behaviour]. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32, 167–184.
• Chen, W. J., & Cheng, H. Y. (2012). Factors affecting the knowledge sharing attitude of hotel service personnel. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), 468–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.07.005
• Choi, S. B., Kim, K., Ullah, S. M. E., & Kang, S. W. (2016). How transformational leadership facilitates innovative behavior of Korean workers Examining mediating and moderating processes. Personnel Review, 45(3), 459–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2014-0058
• De Jong, J. P. J., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2007). How leaders influence employees’ innovative behaviour. European Journal of Innovation Management, 10(1), 41–64. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060710720546
• De Jong, J. P. J., & Kemp, R. (2003). Determinants of Co-Workers’ Innovative Behaviour: An Investigation into Knowledge Intensive Services. International Journal of Innovation Management, 07(02), 189–212. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919603000787
• De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2010). Measuring Innovative Work Behaviour. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00547.x
• Dhar, R. L. (2016). Ethical leadership and its impact on service innovative behavior: The role of LMX and job autonomy. Tourism Management, 57, 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.05.011
• Doğan, M. (2007). Eylemsel veya Dönüşümsel Liderliğin İş Tatminine Etkisi [The Transactional and Transformational Leadership Effects on Job Satisfaction]. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
• Dzulkifli, B., & Md.noor, H. (2011). Framework of the mediating effect of organizational climate on the relationship between leadership practices and innovative work behavior. 2011 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering, CHUSER 2011, 26(2), 614–619. https://doi.org/10.1109/CHUSER.2011.6163806
• Feng, C., Huang, X., & Zhang, L. (2016). A multilevel study of transformational leadership, dual organizational change and innovative behavior in groups. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 29(6), 855–877. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-01-2016-0005
• Fornell, C. G., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
• Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective (7th baskı). New Jersey: Upper Saddle River.
• Hair, J.F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2. baskı). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications Ltd.
• Hallin, C. A., & Marnburg, E. (2008). Knowledge management in the hospitality industry: A review of empirical research. Tourism Management, 29(2), 366–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.02.019
• Hawryszkiewycz, I., & Chandran, D. (2019). How knowledge sharing leads to innovative work behaviour A moderating role of transformational. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 21(3), 277–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSIT-11-2018-0148
• Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2015-0382
• Hon, A. H. Y. (2011). Enhancing employee creativity in the Chinese context: The mediating role of employee self-concordance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.06.002
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling : Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychology Methods, 3(4), 424–453.
• Hu, M. L., (2009). Knowledge sharing and innovative service behavior relationship: guanxi as mediator. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 37(7), 977–992. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.7.977
• Hu, M. L., Horng, J. S., & Sun, Y. H. C. (2009). Hospitality teams: Knowledge sharing and service innovation performance. Tourism Management, 30(1), 41-50.
• Hu, M. L., Ou, T. L., Chiou, H. J., & Lin, L. C. (2012). Effects of Social Exchange and Trust on Knowledge Sharing and Service Innovation. Social Behavior & Personality: an international journal, 40(5), 783–800. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.5.783
• Hussain, K., Konar, R., & Ali, F. (2016). Measuring Service Innovation Performance through Team Culture and Knowledge Sharing Behaviour in Hotel Services: A PLS Approach. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224(August 2015), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.397
• Işık, C., & Aydın, E. (2016). Bilgi paylaşımının yenilikçi iş davranışına etkisi: Ayder Yaylası konaklama işletmeleri üzerine bir uygulama [The impact of knowledge sharing on ınnovative work bahaviour: an application in accommodation establishment in Ayder Flatland] Girişimcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi, 5(2), 75–103.
• Jaiswal, N. K., & Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational leadership, innovation climate, creative self-efficacy and employee creativity: A multilevel study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.07.002
• Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort—reward fairness and innovative work behaviour. Joumal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 73, 287–302. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317900167038
• Janssen, O. (2005). The joint impact of perceived influence and supervisor supportiveness on employee innovative behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(4), 573–579. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X25823
• Jung, H. S., & Yoon, H. H. (2018). Improving frontline service employees’ innovative behavior using conflict management in the hospitality industry: The mediating role of engagement. Tourism Management, 69(June), 498–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.06.035
• Karasar, N. (1999). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi [Scientific Research Method], Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Kim, T. T., & Lee, G. (2013). Hospitality employee knowledge-sharing behaviors in the relationship between goal orientations and service innovative behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34(1), 324–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.04.009
• Kim, W., & Park, J. (2017). Examining structural relationships between work engagement, organizational procedural justice, knowledge sharing, and innovative work behavior for sustainable organizations. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020205
• Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
• Le, P. B., & Lei, H. (2019). Determinants of innovation capability: the roles of transformational leadership, knowledge sharing and perceived organizational support. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(3), 527–547. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2018-0568
• Li, G., Shang, Y., Liu, H., & Xi, Y. (2014). Differentiated transformational leadership and knowledge sharing: A cross-level investigation. European Management Journal, 32(4), 554–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.10.004
• Li, M., & Hsu, C. H. C. (2016). A review of employee innovative behavior in services. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(12), 2820–2841. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2015-0214
• Lin, C. P., & Joe, S. W. (2012). To Share or Not to Share: Assessing Knowledge Sharing, Interemployee Helping, and Their Antecedents Among Online Knowledge Workers. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(4), 439–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1100-x
• Lin, H. (2007b). Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study. International Journal of Manpower, 28(3/4), 315–332. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720710755272
• Lin, H. F. (2007a). Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions. Journal of Information Science, 33(2), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551506068174
• Lin, R. S.-J., & Hsiao, J.-K. (2014). The Relationships between transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, trust and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 5(3), 3–6. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijimt.2014.v5.508
• Magnini, V. P. (2008). Practicing effective knowledge sharing in international hotel joint ventures. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(2), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.07.015
• Malhotra, N. K., Kim, S. S., & Patil, A. (2006). Common method variance in IS research: A comparison of alternative approaches and a reanalysis of past research. Management Science, 52(12), 1865–1883. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.l060.0597
• Masa’deh, R., Obeidat, B. Y., & Tarhini, A. (2016). A Jordanian empirical study of the associations among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, knowledge sharing, job performance, and firm performance: A structural equation modelling approach. Journal of Management Development, 35(5), 681–705. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2015-0134
• Mittal, S., & Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational leadership and employee creativity: Mediating role of creative self-efficacy and moderating role of knowledge sharing. Management Decision, 53(5), 894–910. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-07-2014-0464
• Mittal, S., & Dhar, R. L. (2016). Effect of Green Transformational Leadership on Green Creativity: A Study of Tourist Hotels. Tourism Management, 57, 118–127.
• Mohamed, L. M. (2016). Assessing the Effects of Transformational Leadership: A Study on Egyptian Hotel Employees. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 27, 49-59.
• Mohammadi, A., & Boroumand, Z. (2016). Transformational leadership and knowledge sharing. International Journal of Information Science and Management, 14(2), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/jwl-09-2015-0066
• Molose, T., & Ezeuduji, I. O. (2015). Knowledge sharing , team culture , and service innovation in the hospitality sector : The case of South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(1), 1–16.
• Monica Hu, M. L., Horng, J. S., & Christine Sun, Y. H. (2009). Hospitality teams: Knowledge sharing and service innovation performance. Tourism Management, 30(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.009
• Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Nusair, N., Ababneh, R., & Bae, Y. K. (2012). The impact of transformational leadership style on innovation as perceived by public employees in jordan. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 22(3), 182–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/10569211211260283
• Orfila-Sintes, F., & Mattsson, J. (2009). Innovation behavior in the hotel industry. Omega, 37(2), 380–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2007.04.002
• Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research : A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
• Radaelli, G., Lettieri, E., Mura, M., & Spiller, N. (2014). Knowledge sharing and innovative work behaviour in healthcare: A micro-level investigation of direct and indirect effects. Creativity and Innovation Management, 23(4), 400–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12084
• Rao, Y., Yang, M., & Yang, Y. (2018). Knowledge Sharing , Organizational Learning and Service Innovation in Tourism. Journal of Service Science and Management, 11, 510–526. https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2018.115035
• Reuvers, M., Van Engen, M. L., Vinkenburg, C. J., & Wilson-Evered, E. (2008). Transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour: Exploring the relevance of gender differences. Creativity and Innovation Management, 17(3), 227–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2008.00487.x
• Sandıkçı, M., Vural, T. & Zorlu, Ö. (2015). Otel İşletmelerinde Dönüştürücü Liderlik Davranışlarının Örgüt Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri: Afyonkarahisar İlinde Bir Araştırma [Effects of Transformational Leadership Behaviours on Organizational Health in Hotels: A Study in Afyonkarahisar]. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(25), 161-200.
• Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of Innovative Behavior : A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace. The Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580–607.
• Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business. John Willey Higher Education, New York.
• Slatten, T., & Mehmetoğlu, M. (2015). The Effects of Transformational Leadership and Perceived Creativity on Innovation Behavior in the Hospitality Industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 14(2), 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2014.955557
• Tajeddini, K. (2010). Effect of customer orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on innovativeness: Evidence from the hotel industry in Switzerland. Tourism Management, 31(2), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.013
• Ünlüönen, K., & Çatır, O. (2016). Dönüşümcü ve Etkileşimci Liderliğin Örgütsel Sessizlik Üzerine Etkisi: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma [The Effect of Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Organizational Silence: A Research on Hotel Establishment]. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 13(2), 69-88.
• Van Den Hooff, B., & Ridder, J. A. (2004). Knowledge sharing in context: The influence of organizational commitment, communication climate and CMC use on knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(6), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270410567675
• Vandavasi, R. K. K., McConville, D. C., Uen, J. F., & Yepuru, P. (2019). Knowledge sharing , shared leadership and innovative behaviour : a cross-level analysis leadership. International Journal of Manpower. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-04-2019-0180
• Wang, C. J., Tsai, H. T., & Tsai, M. T. (2014). Linking transformational leadership and employee creativity in the hospitality industry: The influences of creative role identity, creative self-efficacy, and job complexity. Tourism Management, 40, 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.05.008
• Weng, R. H., Huang, C. Y., Chen, L. M., & Chang, L. Y. (2015). Exploring the impact of transformational leadership on nurse innovation behaviour: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(4), 427–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12149
• Yamane, T. (2001). Temel Örnekleme Yöntemleri (Translators: Alptekin Esin ve diğ.) [Basic Sampling Methods]. Literatür Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
• Yang, J. Te, & Wan, C. S. (2004). Advancing organizational effectiveness and knowledge management implementation. Tourism Management, 25(5), 593–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.002
• Yang, J. Te. (2007). Knowledge sharing: Investigating appropriate leadership roles and collaborative culture. Tourism Management, 28(2), 530–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.08.006
• Yang, J. Te. (2008). Individual attitudes and organisational knowledge sharing. Tourism Management, 29(2), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.001
• Yang, J. Te. (2010). Antecedents and consequences of knowledge sharing in international tourist hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.05.004
• Zhu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2011). The relationship between entrepreneur psychological capital and employee’s innovative behavior: The strategic role of transformational leadership and knowledge sharing. Advanced Materials Research, 282–283, 691–696. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.282-283.691