Araştırma Makalesi
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Kumarhane turizmi: küresel etkiler, zorluklar ve çözümler üzerine bir inceleme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 329 - 345, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1460905

Öz

Günümüzde, özel ilgi turizminin önemli bir paydaşı olan kumar turizminin incelenmesi, sektördeki uygulamaları, karşılaşılan sorunlar ve zorlukların ülke ekonomisine etkileri ile ilgili tartışılması gereken bir araştırma alanıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kumar turizminin küresel ölçekte ülkeler üzerindeki sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel etkileri ile karşılaşılan olumlu/olumsuz faktörleri ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmada, literatür incelemesi sürecini şeffaf ve sistematik bir şekilde yürütmek amacıyla PRISMA modeli kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Bu modele uygun olarak, araştırma sorusu belirlenmiş, dahil etme/dışlama kriterleri tanımlanmış, stratejik bir arama yöntemi oluşturularak Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanında kapsamlı bir tarama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arama sonuçları, başlık ve özet taraması yapılarak filtrelenmiş ve uygun bulunan makaleler detaylı incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bu süreçte, kumar turizminin olumlu ve olumsuz faktörleri hakkında bilgi sağlayan, 2021-2023 yılları arasında yayınlanmış güncel 17 makale belirlenerek analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, kumar turizminin ekonomik, sosyal, çevresel, politik ve kültürel etkilerini kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmek amacıyla detaylı olarak sonuçlar ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın analiz sürecinde, uluslararası alanda kumarhane sektörünün mevcut uygulamaları, eksik konuları, zorlukları ve bu faktörlerin olumlu/olumsuz etkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, müşteri memnuniyeti, itibar, aidiyet, mahremiyet, güvenlik ve hizmet kalitesi gibi içsel ihtiyaçların karşılanması için elzem gereksinimler analiz edilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kumar turizminin halen gelişme sürecinde olduğu ve özellikle teknolojik, politik, sosyolojik ve kültürel açılardan ilerlemeye ihtiyaç duyduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • 89/2007 sayılı ve 7 Nisan 2007 tarihli KKTC Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Yasası. Mahkemeler.net. (2007, Ağustos). https://www.mahkemeler.net/birlestirilmis/89-2007.doc [Erişim tarihi: 2 Nisan 2024].
  • 31/2009 sayılı ve 12 Mart 2009 tarihli KKTC Şans Oyunları Yasası. Mahkemeler.net. (2009, Ekim). http://www.mahkemeler.net/birlestirilmis/31-2009.doc [Erişim tarihi: 2 Nisan 2024].
  • 2016/679 sayılı Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konsey Tüzüğü (Genel Veri Koruma Tüzüğü) (GDPR). T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği (AB) Başkanlığı. (2016, Nisan 27). https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/resimler/Nihai-ABB-HCDB-GDPR.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024].
  • Alipour, H., & Vughaingmeh, E. M. (2010). Casino gambling tourism: A view from community: The case of North Cyprus (TRNC). Journal of Rural and Community Development, 5(3).
  • Blaszczynski, A., Ladouceur, R., & Shaffer, H. J. (2004). A science-based framework for responsible gambling: The Reno model. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20, 301-317.
  • Blaszczynski, A., Collins, P., Fong, D., Ladouceur, R., Nower, L., Shaffer, H. J., & Venisse, J. L. (2011). Responsible gambling: General principles and minimal requirements. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 565-573.
  • Bonny-Noach, H., & Sagiv-Alayoff, M. (2021). Casino tourism destinations: Health risk for travellers with gambling disorder and related medical conditions. Journal of Travel Medicine, 28(1).
  • Bradley, G. T., & Wang, W. (2022). Development and validation of a casino service quality scale: A holistic approach. Tourism Management, 88, 104419.
  • Cortes, P., & Madureira, O. (2023). ICGL, gambling laws and regulations Macau 2023. https://iclg.com/practice-areas/gambling-laws-and-regulations/macau [Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2023].
  • Esenyel, I. (2019). Yeni şans oyunları yasası değişiklikleri ve sektörel etki analizi. Kıbrıs Gazetesi. https://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/yeni-sans-oyunlari-yasasi-degisiklikleri-ve-sektorel-etki-analizi-makale,9732.html [Erişim tarihi: 27 Haziran 2023].
  • Gambling Commission UK. (2021). Gambling regulation and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/licensees-and-businesses/guide/gambling-regulation-and-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr [Erişim tarihi: 10 Ekim 2023].
  • Garanti, Z. (2022). Alternative and special interest tourism to mitigate the effects of tourism seasonality: The debate from Cyprus. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(5), 451-460.
  • Göktaş, L. S., Çetin, G., & Kızılırmak, İ. (2017). Özel ilgi turizmi olarak glamping turizminin mevcut durumu: Bir örnek olay analizi araştırması. 4. Disiplinlerarası Turizm Araştırmaları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 107, 120.
  • Guan, J., Noronha, C., Sio, S. H. I., & Lam, C. C. (2023). Regretful or pressured? CSR reactions and disclosures of casinos in the aftermath of a natural disaster. Social Responsibility Journal, 19(5), 970-985.
  • Haucap, J., Nedic, R., & Şimşek, T. (2023). Regulatory objectives vs fiscal interests: Are German casino locations motivated by beggar-thy-neighbor policy? An empirical analysis. European Journal of Law and Economics, 55(2), 291-311.
  • Ho, H. W. (2022). Casino development and regulation in Asia: The experience of Macau and Singapore for Japan and other destinations. Asian Education and Development Studies, 11(3), 505-520.
  • Ho, H. W., & Phillips, J. (2023). MACAU 2.0: New gaming law and its implications for casino market. Gaming Law Review, 27(3), 106-116.
  • Hyun, M. Y., Gao, L., & Lee, S. (2021). Corporate social responsibility (CSR), ethical climate, and pride in membership moderated by casino dealers’ customer orientation. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(10), 3256-3276.
  • Ji, C., & Prentice, C. (2021). Linking transaction-specific satisfaction and customer loyalty: The case of casino resorts. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102319.
  • Kaya, F., & Yıldırım, G. (2020). Ekoturizm potansiyeli açısından Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin değerlendirilmesi. Tourism and Recreation, 2(2), 125-133.
  • Kou, I. E., Wong, I. A., & Lin, Z. (2022). Attracting casino visitors through social media: Transition from online to offline environment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 13(5), 875-890.
  • Lau, V. M. C., Ren, L., & Yang, F. X. (2021). CSR and casino hotel branding: The joint moderation of CSR misfit and corporate awareness. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 49, 375-384.
  • Lee, S., Zhai, X., Lee, M., & Luo, Q. (2021). Status of CSR practices in the casino industry: A comparison between the US and Makao. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 331-343.
  • Lin, Z., Wong, I. A., & Lin, S. K. (2023). Just-in-time CSR for urgent needs during the COVID-19 outbreak: The case of casinos. Journal of China Tourism Research, 19(1), 118-131.
  • McCartney, G. (2008). The CAT (Casino Tourism) and the MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, Exhibitions): Key Development Considerations for the Convention and Exhibition Industry in Macao. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 9(4), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470140802493380.
  • McMillen, J., & McAllister, G. (2000, May). Responsible gambling: Legal and policy issues. Third National Gambling Regulation Conference. Sydney.
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group. (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. International Journal of Surgery, 8(5), 336-341.
  • Nevada Gaming Commission and Nevada Gaming Control Board. (2022). Nevada Gaming Control Act and ancillary statutes (Nevada Oyun Kontrol Yasası), Title 41 - Gaming; horse racing; sporting events, Chapter 462 - 466 - Lotteries and games (NRS). https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-463.html [Erişim tarihi: 12 Şubat 2024].
  • Nguyen, A. T., Pansuwong, W., & McClelland, R. (2023). Exploring residents' support for integrated casino resort development: A new gaming destination in Vietnam. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(2), 250-267.
  • Page, M. J., & Moher, D. (2017). Evaluations of the uptake and impact of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and extensions: A scoping review. Systematic Reviews, 6, 1-14.
  • Prentice, C., Ji, C., & Li, K. (2022). The influence of gaming and non-gaming experience on customers’ response to the casino. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 28(4), 455-468.
  • Rittichainuwat, B. N. (2018). Special interest tourism. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Seçilmiş, C., & Çorbacı, M. (2023). Macera turizminin seyahat niyetine etkisinde sosyal medya pazarlaması ve gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun aracılık rolü. Tourism and Recreation, 5(2), 87-98.
  • Tanrısevdi, A., & Çavuş, Ş. (2003). Özel ilgi turizmi ve özel ilgi turizmi kapsamında Kuşadası ve çevresinde var olan potansiyel kaynaklar üzerine kuramsal bir inceleme. Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 9-22.
  • The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO). (2023). Response of the Information Commissioner’s Office to the DCMS Select Committee’s inquiry into gambling regulation. https://ico.org.uk/media/about-the-ico/consultation-responses/4024615/ico-response-dcms-gambling-regulation-20230310.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 1 Ekim 2023].
  • Trauer, B. (2006). Conceptualizing special interest tourism: Frameworks for analysis. Tourism Management, 27(2), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.004
  • Tsai, H., & Fong, L. H. N. (2021). Casino-induced satisfaction of needs and casino customer loyalty: The moderating role of subjective norms and perceived gaming value. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 38(5), 478-490.
  • Tuguinay, J. A., Prentice, C., & Moyle, B. (2022). The influence of customer experience with automated games and social interaction on customer engagement and loyalty in casinos. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, 102830.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2024). Güncel Türkçe sözlük. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ [Erişim tarihi: 29 Temmuz 2024].
  • Weiler, B., & Hall, C. M. (1992). Special interest tourism: In search of an alternative (3rd ed.). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Wu, Z., Lai, I. K. W., & Tang, H. (2021). Evaluating the sustainability issues in tourism development: An adverse-impact and serious-level analysis. SAGE Open, 11(4), 21582440211050384.

Casino tourism: a review of global impacts, challenges and solutions

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 329 - 345, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1460905

Öz

In today's world, examining casino tourism, an important stakeholder of special interest tourism, and discussing its practices, encountered problems, and the impacts of these issues on the country's economy is an area of research that needs attention. This study aims to reveal the social, economic, and environmental effects of casino tourism on countries at a global scale, along with the positive/negative factors encountered. In this context, this study utilized the PRISMA model to conduct a transparent and systematic literature review process. Following this model, the research question was established, inclusion/exclusion criteria were defined, and a strategic search method was developed, leading to a comprehensive search within the Web of Science (WoS) database. The search results were filtered through title and abstract screening, and relevant articles were subjected to detailed examination. In this process, 17 recent articles published between 2021 and 2023, providing insights into the positive and negative factors of casino tourism, were identified and analyzed. The findings were detailed to comprehensively evaluate the economic, social, environmental, political, and cultural impacts of casino tourism. During the analysis process of the study, efforts were made to identify the current practices, gaps, challenges, and positive/negative impacts of the casino sector internationally. Additionally, essential requirements for meeting internal needs such as customer satisfaction, reputation, belongingness, privacy, security, and service quality were analyzed, and the results obtained were discussed. In conclusion, it has been highlighted that casino tourism is still in a developmental phase and requires progress, particularly in technological, political, sociological, and cultural aspects.

Kaynakça

  • 89/2007 sayılı ve 7 Nisan 2007 tarihli KKTC Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Yasası. Mahkemeler.net. (2007, Ağustos). https://www.mahkemeler.net/birlestirilmis/89-2007.doc [Erişim tarihi: 2 Nisan 2024].
  • 31/2009 sayılı ve 12 Mart 2009 tarihli KKTC Şans Oyunları Yasası. Mahkemeler.net. (2009, Ekim). http://www.mahkemeler.net/birlestirilmis/31-2009.doc [Erişim tarihi: 2 Nisan 2024].
  • 2016/679 sayılı Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konsey Tüzüğü (Genel Veri Koruma Tüzüğü) (GDPR). T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği (AB) Başkanlığı. (2016, Nisan 27). https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/resimler/Nihai-ABB-HCDB-GDPR.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024].
  • Alipour, H., & Vughaingmeh, E. M. (2010). Casino gambling tourism: A view from community: The case of North Cyprus (TRNC). Journal of Rural and Community Development, 5(3).
  • Blaszczynski, A., Ladouceur, R., & Shaffer, H. J. (2004). A science-based framework for responsible gambling: The Reno model. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20, 301-317.
  • Blaszczynski, A., Collins, P., Fong, D., Ladouceur, R., Nower, L., Shaffer, H. J., & Venisse, J. L. (2011). Responsible gambling: General principles and minimal requirements. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 565-573.
  • Bonny-Noach, H., & Sagiv-Alayoff, M. (2021). Casino tourism destinations: Health risk for travellers with gambling disorder and related medical conditions. Journal of Travel Medicine, 28(1).
  • Bradley, G. T., & Wang, W. (2022). Development and validation of a casino service quality scale: A holistic approach. Tourism Management, 88, 104419.
  • Cortes, P., & Madureira, O. (2023). ICGL, gambling laws and regulations Macau 2023. https://iclg.com/practice-areas/gambling-laws-and-regulations/macau [Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2023].
  • Esenyel, I. (2019). Yeni şans oyunları yasası değişiklikleri ve sektörel etki analizi. Kıbrıs Gazetesi. https://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/yeni-sans-oyunlari-yasasi-degisiklikleri-ve-sektorel-etki-analizi-makale,9732.html [Erişim tarihi: 27 Haziran 2023].
  • Gambling Commission UK. (2021). Gambling regulation and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/licensees-and-businesses/guide/gambling-regulation-and-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr [Erişim tarihi: 10 Ekim 2023].
  • Garanti, Z. (2022). Alternative and special interest tourism to mitigate the effects of tourism seasonality: The debate from Cyprus. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(5), 451-460.
  • Göktaş, L. S., Çetin, G., & Kızılırmak, İ. (2017). Özel ilgi turizmi olarak glamping turizminin mevcut durumu: Bir örnek olay analizi araştırması. 4. Disiplinlerarası Turizm Araştırmaları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 107, 120.
  • Guan, J., Noronha, C., Sio, S. H. I., & Lam, C. C. (2023). Regretful or pressured? CSR reactions and disclosures of casinos in the aftermath of a natural disaster. Social Responsibility Journal, 19(5), 970-985.
  • Haucap, J., Nedic, R., & Şimşek, T. (2023). Regulatory objectives vs fiscal interests: Are German casino locations motivated by beggar-thy-neighbor policy? An empirical analysis. European Journal of Law and Economics, 55(2), 291-311.
  • Ho, H. W. (2022). Casino development and regulation in Asia: The experience of Macau and Singapore for Japan and other destinations. Asian Education and Development Studies, 11(3), 505-520.
  • Ho, H. W., & Phillips, J. (2023). MACAU 2.0: New gaming law and its implications for casino market. Gaming Law Review, 27(3), 106-116.
  • Hyun, M. Y., Gao, L., & Lee, S. (2021). Corporate social responsibility (CSR), ethical climate, and pride in membership moderated by casino dealers’ customer orientation. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(10), 3256-3276.
  • Ji, C., & Prentice, C. (2021). Linking transaction-specific satisfaction and customer loyalty: The case of casino resorts. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102319.
  • Kaya, F., & Yıldırım, G. (2020). Ekoturizm potansiyeli açısından Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin değerlendirilmesi. Tourism and Recreation, 2(2), 125-133.
  • Kou, I. E., Wong, I. A., & Lin, Z. (2022). Attracting casino visitors through social media: Transition from online to offline environment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 13(5), 875-890.
  • Lau, V. M. C., Ren, L., & Yang, F. X. (2021). CSR and casino hotel branding: The joint moderation of CSR misfit and corporate awareness. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 49, 375-384.
  • Lee, S., Zhai, X., Lee, M., & Luo, Q. (2021). Status of CSR practices in the casino industry: A comparison between the US and Makao. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 331-343.
  • Lin, Z., Wong, I. A., & Lin, S. K. (2023). Just-in-time CSR for urgent needs during the COVID-19 outbreak: The case of casinos. Journal of China Tourism Research, 19(1), 118-131.
  • McCartney, G. (2008). The CAT (Casino Tourism) and the MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, Exhibitions): Key Development Considerations for the Convention and Exhibition Industry in Macao. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 9(4), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470140802493380.
  • McMillen, J., & McAllister, G. (2000, May). Responsible gambling: Legal and policy issues. Third National Gambling Regulation Conference. Sydney.
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group. (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. International Journal of Surgery, 8(5), 336-341.
  • Nevada Gaming Commission and Nevada Gaming Control Board. (2022). Nevada Gaming Control Act and ancillary statutes (Nevada Oyun Kontrol Yasası), Title 41 - Gaming; horse racing; sporting events, Chapter 462 - 466 - Lotteries and games (NRS). https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-463.html [Erişim tarihi: 12 Şubat 2024].
  • Nguyen, A. T., Pansuwong, W., & McClelland, R. (2023). Exploring residents' support for integrated casino resort development: A new gaming destination in Vietnam. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(2), 250-267.
  • Page, M. J., & Moher, D. (2017). Evaluations of the uptake and impact of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and extensions: A scoping review. Systematic Reviews, 6, 1-14.
  • Prentice, C., Ji, C., & Li, K. (2022). The influence of gaming and non-gaming experience on customers’ response to the casino. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 28(4), 455-468.
  • Rittichainuwat, B. N. (2018). Special interest tourism. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Seçilmiş, C., & Çorbacı, M. (2023). Macera turizminin seyahat niyetine etkisinde sosyal medya pazarlaması ve gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun aracılık rolü. Tourism and Recreation, 5(2), 87-98.
  • Tanrısevdi, A., & Çavuş, Ş. (2003). Özel ilgi turizmi ve özel ilgi turizmi kapsamında Kuşadası ve çevresinde var olan potansiyel kaynaklar üzerine kuramsal bir inceleme. Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 9-22.
  • The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO). (2023). Response of the Information Commissioner’s Office to the DCMS Select Committee’s inquiry into gambling regulation. https://ico.org.uk/media/about-the-ico/consultation-responses/4024615/ico-response-dcms-gambling-regulation-20230310.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 1 Ekim 2023].
  • Trauer, B. (2006). Conceptualizing special interest tourism: Frameworks for analysis. Tourism Management, 27(2), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.004
  • Tsai, H., & Fong, L. H. N. (2021). Casino-induced satisfaction of needs and casino customer loyalty: The moderating role of subjective norms and perceived gaming value. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 38(5), 478-490.
  • Tuguinay, J. A., Prentice, C., & Moyle, B. (2022). The influence of customer experience with automated games and social interaction on customer engagement and loyalty in casinos. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, 102830.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2024). Güncel Türkçe sözlük. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ [Erişim tarihi: 29 Temmuz 2024].
  • Weiler, B., & Hall, C. M. (1992). Special interest tourism: In search of an alternative (3rd ed.). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Wu, Z., Lai, I. K. W., & Tang, H. (2021). Evaluating the sustainability issues in tourism development: An adverse-impact and serious-level analysis. SAGE Open, 11(4), 21582440211050384.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm Ekonomisi, Rekreasyon, Tatil ve Turizm Coğrafyası, Turizm Politikası, Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ayçin Giritli 0009-0007-8929-7590

Ali Öztüren 0000-0001-8879-1916

Demet Çelik Ulusoy 0000-0002-5542-9467

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 12 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Giritli, A., Öztüren, A., & Çelik Ulusoy, D. (2024). Kumarhane turizmi: küresel etkiler, zorluklar ve çözümler üzerine bir inceleme. Tourism and Recreation, 6(2), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1460905