Anne Baba Stres Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 35 - 52, 30.06.2025

Osman Akay

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ebeveynlik sürecinde yaşanan stresin ölçülmesinde kullanılan Anne Baba Stres Ölçeği’nin (Parental Stress Scale- PSS) Türkçeye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, İstanbul Bakırköy Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Psikiyatri Polikliniği ve Kliniklerine başvuran, duygusal, davranışsal veya ruhsal bozukluğu olan çocuklara sahip, çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 251 gönüllü ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, Demografik Bilgi Formu ve PSS kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin kapsam geçerliliği Davis tekniği ve uzman paneli ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yapı geçerliliğini belirlemek amacıyla önce Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA), ardından Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) uygulanmıştır. Güvenirlik, Cronbach’s alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Parental Stress Scale (PSS)’nin Türkçe uyarlamasının 15 madde, 4 faktörlü bir yapı sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Faktör analizi sonucunda ölçek maddeleri; Rol Stresi, Rol Ödülü, Rol Tatmini ve Rol Yükü olarak dört alt boyutta toplanmıştır. Bulgular, ölçeğin Türkçe versiyonunun ebeveynlik stresini geçerli ve güvenilir şekilde ölçebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu yönüyle ölçek, klinik ve akademik alanlarda ebeveynlik stresini değerlendirmek için etkili bir araç olarak kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stres , anne baba stresi , psikometrik değerlendirme , ölçek uyarlama

Turkish Adaptation of the Parental Stress Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study

Öz

The aim of this study is to adapt the Parental Stress Scale (PSS), which is used to measure stress experienced in the parenting process, into Turkish and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The study sample consisted of 251 volunteer parents who had children with emotional, behavioral, or psychological disorders and who applied to the Child Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Units of Bakırköy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul and agreed to participate in the study voluntarily. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a Demographic Information Form and the PSS. The content validity of the scale was assessed using the Davis technique and expert panel evaluation. To determine construct validity, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted first, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient. The Turkish adaptation of the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) was found to consist of 15 items and exhibit a four-factor structure. The factors identified through factor analysis were Parental Role Stress, Parental Reward, Parental Satisfaction, and Parental Burden. Findings indicate that the Turkish version of the scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring parenting stress. Therefore, the scale can be effectively used in both clinical and academic settings for the assessment of parental stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stress , parental stress , psychometric evaluation , scale adaptation.

Kaynakça

• Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting Stress Index (2nd ed.). Pediatric Psychology Press.
• Abidin, R. R. (1992). The determinants of parenting behavior. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(4), 407–412. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2104_12
• Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index: Professional manual (3rd ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources.
• Algarvio, S., Leal, I., & Maroco, J. (2018). Parental stress scale: Validation study with parents of children from 3 to 10 years old. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 31(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-018-0097-4
• Baker, C. N., Arnold, D. H., & Meagher, S. (2011). Enrollment and attendance in a parent training prevention program for conduct problems. Prevention Science, 12(2), 126–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-010-0187-0
• Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129836
• Berry, J. O., & Jones, W. H. (1995). The parental stress scale: Initial psychometric evidence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12(3), 463–472. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407595123009
• Bied, E. (1997). Childcare and parental stress: The cost of balancing work and family. Child Psychology Review, 9(4), 808–812.
• Brito, R. C., & Faro, A. (2017). Adaptação da Parental Stress Scale para uso com cuidadores de crianças brasileiras. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 33, e33413. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e33413
• Carter, B., & McGoldrick, M. (1999). The expanded family life cycle: Individual, family, and social perspectives, (3rd ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
• Cheung, C. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Parental Stress Scale. Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 43(4), 253–261.
• Coleman, H. L. (2011). Family transitions and stress: Implications for family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy* 33(4), 368–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2010.00513.x
• Deater-Deckard, K. (2004). Parenting stress. Yale University Press.
• Ekizoglou, A., Bakoula, C., & Lahana, E. (2022). Adaptation and validation of the Parental Stress Scale in Greek parents. Psychology, 13(3), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2022.133020
• Fox, R. A. (2009). Sleep deprivation and infant care: Effects on parenting stress. Early Human Development, 85(2), 77–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.10.006
• Gladding, S. T. (2015). Family therapy: History, theory, and practice, (6th ed.). Pearson.
• Goode, W. J. (1960). A theory of role strain. American Sociological Review, 25(4), 483–496. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092933
• Greenfield, E. A., & Marks, N. F. (2006). Adult children's roles and parents’ stress. Journal of Aging and Health, 18(3), 440–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264306287345
• Harding, S., Loxton, D., & Adams, C. (2020). Validation of the Parental Stress Scale in an Australian population. Child: Care, Health and Development, 46(5), 613–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12774
• Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
• Kwok, S. Y. C. L., & Wong, D. F. K. (2000). Parenting stress and parenting styles among Chinese mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9(1), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009476410577
• Lessenberry, B. M., & Rehfeldt, R. A. (2004). Coping resources and stress in families of children with disabilities. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 2(3), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X04042974
• Milkie, M. A., Nomaguchi, K. M., & Denny, K. E. (2008). Time use and well-being among parents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00464.x
• Milkie, M. A., & Denny, K. E. (2014). Intensive parenting: A critical analysis. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 240–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122414536392
• Nærde, A., & Hukkelberg, S. S. (2020). Parenting stress and child behavior problems: A study of Norwegian mothers. Child & Family Social Work, 25(3), 435–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12697
• Neuman, W. L. (2013). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches, (7th ed.). Pearson.
• Nomaguchi, K. (2012). Parenthood and psychological well-being: Clarifying the role of child age and parent–child relationship quality. Journal of Family Issues, 33(4), 491–516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X11415354
• Nomaguchi, K. M., & Milkie, M. A. (2003). Costs of children: Parenting stress and marital quality. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(2), 356–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00356.x
• Norizan, A., & Shamsuddin, K. (2010). Predictors of parenting stress among Malaysian mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 3(3), 144–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2010.06.007
• Oronoz, M., Alonso-Arbiol, I., & Balluerka, N. (2007). A Spanish adaptation of the Parental Stress Scale. Psicothema, 19(4), 687–692.
• Pearlin, L. I. (1989). The sociological study of stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30(3), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136956
• Pearlin, L. I. (1999). The stress process revisited. In C. S. Aneshensel & J. C. Phelan (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of mental health, (pp. 395–415). Springer.
• Pontoppidan, M., Nielsen, T., & Kristensen, I. H. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Danish Parental Stress Scale: Rasch analysis in a sample of mothers with infants. PLOS ONE, 13(11), e0205662. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205662
• Rubio, D. M., Berg-Weger, M., Tebb, S. S., Lee, E. S., & Rauch, S. (2003). Objectifying content validity: Conducting a content validity study in social work research. Social Work Research, 27(2), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/27.2.94
• Sheridan, C. L., & Radmacher, S. A. (1998). Health psychology: Challenging the biomedical model, (2nd ed.). Wiley.
• Shiraev, E., & Levy, D. (2017). Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary applications, (6th ed.). Routledge.
• Simon, R. W. (1992). Parental role strain, race, and psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136852
• Sümbüloğlu, K., & Sümbüloğlu, V. (2005). Biyoistatistik (11. baskı). Hatipoğlu Yayıncılık.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
• Teater, B. (2015). An introduction to applying social work theories and methods, (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
• Umberson, D. (1992). Relationships between adult children and their parents: Psychological consequences for both generations. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54(3), 664–674. https://doi.org/10.2307/353251
• Zelman, J. J., & Ferro, M. A. (2018). The parental stress scale: Psychometric properties in parents of children with chronic health conditions. Journal of Family Psychology, 32(7), 940–946. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000457