A case of Plasmodium vivax related cerebral malaria Case Report

Abstract

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Keywords

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Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu Olgu Sunumu

Öz

Sıtmalı hastada ağrının yerinin belirlenememesi ve ensefalopatinin başka herhangi bir nedenle açıklanamaması durumu serebral malarya olarak tanımlanır Sıklığı kesin olarak bilinmemektedir Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya Plasmodium falciparum a göre çok daha nadirdir Nadir rastlanması dolayısıyla Plasmodium vivax a bağlı 7 yaşında bir çocuk serebral malarya olgusu sunulmuştur Anahtar Kelimeler: serebral malarya plasmodium vivax

Anahtar Kelimeler

• serebral malarya, plasmodium vivax

Kaynakça

1. New ton CR, Crawl ey J, Sow umni A, et al. Intra crani al hypertension in Africans with cerebral m alaria. Arch Dis Child. 1997; 76: 219- 26.
2. Chandy CJ, Richard II. Cerebral Malaria in Children. Infect
3. Med 20; 2003: 53- 8.
4. Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med 1989; 71: 441- 59.
5. Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 577- 87.
6. Esamai F, Nabakwe E, Mining S, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya . East Afr Med J. 19 99; 76: 89- 92.
7. Olumese PE, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA, et al. Neurological features of cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999; 19: 321- 5.
8. Lewallen S, Bak ker H, Taylor TE, et al. Re tinal find ings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 144- 6.

9. English MC, Waruiru C, Lightowler C, et al. Hyponatraemia and dehydration in severe malaria. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 201- 5.
10. Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Paul M, et al. Severe and complicated falciparu m malaria in Melan esian adu lts in Pap ua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55:119- 24.
11. Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1399- 404.
12. Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 281- 7.
13. Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Krishna S, et al. Magnetic reso nance imaging of the b rain in p atients with ce rebra l malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 300- 9.
14. van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral mala ria. J In fect Dis 1 996; 174: 1091- 7.
15. Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, et al. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1040- 7.
16. Pasvol G, Newton CR, Winstanley PA, et al. Quinine treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children: a randomized comparison of three regimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45: 702- 13.
17. Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, et al. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92: 437- 40.
18. Van Hensbroek MB, Onyiorah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 69- 75.
19. Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet 2000; 355: 701- 6.
20. Meremikwu M, Marson AG. Rou tine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; CD002152.
21. van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, et al. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 125- 9.
22. Holding PA, Steve nson J, Peshu N, Ma rsh K. Cogniti ve sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 529- 34.
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24. Newton CR, Crawley J, Sowumni A, et al. Intracranial hypertension in Africans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child. 1997; 76: 219- 26.
25. Chandy CJ, Richard II. Cerebral Malaria in Children. Infect Med 20; 2003: 53- 8.
26. Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med 1989; 71: 441- 59.
27. Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 577- 87.
28. Esamai F, Nabakwe E, Mining S, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya. East Afr Med J. 1999; 76: 89- 92.
29. Olumese PE, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA, et al. Neurological features of cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999; 19: 321- 5.
30. Lewallen S, Bakker H, Taylor TE, et al. Retinal findings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 144- 6.
31. English MC, Waruiru C, Lightowler C, et al. Hyponatraemia and dehydration in severe malaria. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 201- 5.
32. Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Paul M, et al. Severe and complicated falciparum malaria in Melanesian adults in Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55:119- 24.
33. Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1399- 404.
34. Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 281- 7.
35. Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Krishna S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with cerebral malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 300- 9.
36. van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 1996; 174: 1091- 7.
37. Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, et al. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1040- 7.
38. Pasvol G, Newton CR, Winstanley PA, et al. Quinine treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children: a randomized comparison of three regimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45: 702- 13.
39. Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, et al. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92: 437- 40.
40. Van Hensbroek MB, Onyiorah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 69- 75.
41. Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet 2000; 355: 701- 6.
42. Meremikwu M, Marson AG. Routine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; CD002152.
43. van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, et al. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 125- 9.
44. Holding PA, Stevenson J, Peshu N, Marsh K. Cognitive sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 529- 34.
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73. Chandy CJ, Richard II. Cerebral Malaria in Children. Infect Med 20; 2003: 53- 8.
74. Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med 1989; 71: 441- 59.
75. Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 577- 87.
76. Esamai F, Nabakwe E, Mining S, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya . East Afr Med J. 19 99; 76: 89- 92.
77. Olumese PE, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA, et al. Neurological features of cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999; 19: 321- 5.
78. Lewallen S, Bak ker H, Taylor TE, et al. Re tinal find ings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 144- 6.
79. English MC, Waruiru C, Lightowler C, et al. Hyponatraemia and dehydration in severe malaria. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 201- 5.
80. Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Paul M, et al. Severe and complicated falciparu m malaria in Melan esian adu lts in Pap ua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55:119- 24.
81. Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1399- 404.
82. Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 281- 7.
83. Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Krishna S, et al. Magnetic reso nance imaging of the b rain in p atients with ce rebra l malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 300- 9.
84. van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral mala ria. J In fect Dis 1 996; 174: 1091- 7.
85. Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, et al. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1040- 7.
86. Pasvol G, Newton CR, Winstanley PA, et al. Quinine treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children: a randomized comparison of three regimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45: 702- 13.
87. Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, et al. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92: 437- 40.
88. Van Hensbroek MB, Onyiorah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 69- 75.
89. Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet 2000; 355: 701- 6.
90. Meremikwu M, Marson AG. Routine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; CD002152.
91. van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, et al. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 125- 9.
92. Holding PA, Stevenson J, Peshu N, Marsh K. Cognitive sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 529- 34.
93. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 2005; 40: 235- 40
94. Süleyman Bayraktar. Plasmodium vivax’a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu