Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu Olgu Sunumu

Süleyman Bayraktar; Seher Tabanlı Bayrak; H. Haldun Emir; Murat Elevli

A case of Plasmodium vivax related cerebral malaria Case Report

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3, 235 - 240, 01.09.2005

Süleyman Bayraktar Seher Tabanlı Bayrak H. Haldun Emir Murat Elevli

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

New ton CR, Crawl ey J, Sow umni A, et al. Intra crani al hypertension in Africans with cerebral m alaria. Arch Dis Child. 1997; 76: 219- 26.
Chandy CJ, Richard II. Cerebral Malaria in Children. Infect
Med 20; 2003: 53- 8.
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med 1989; 71: 441- 59.
Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 577- 87.
Esamai F, Nabakwe E, Mining S, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya . East Afr Med J. 19 99; 76: 89- 92.
Olumese PE, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA, et al. Neurological features of cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999; 19: 321- 5.
Lewallen S, Bak ker H, Taylor TE, et al. Re tinal find ings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 144- 6.
English MC, Waruiru C, Lightowler C, et al. Hyponatraemia and dehydration in severe malaria. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 201- 5.
Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Paul M, et al. Severe and complicated falciparu m malaria in Melan esian adu lts in Pap ua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55:119- 24.
Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1399- 404.
Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 281- 7.
Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Krishna S, et al. Magnetic reso nance imaging of the b rain in p atients with ce rebra l malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 300- 9.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral mala ria. J In fect Dis 1 996; 174: 1091- 7.
Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, et al. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1040- 7.
Pasvol G, Newton CR, Winstanley PA, et al. Quinine treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children: a randomized comparison of three regimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45: 702- 13.
Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, et al. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92: 437- 40.
Van Hensbroek MB, Onyiorah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 69- 75.
Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet 2000; 355: 701- 6.
Meremikwu M, Marson AG. Rou tine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; CD002152.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, et al. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 125- 9.
Holding PA, Steve nson J, Peshu N, Ma rsh K. Cogniti ve sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 529- 34.
Kurumlar: Haseki Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Çocuk Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye
Newton CR, Crawley J, Sowumni A, et al. Intracranial hypertension in Africans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child. 1997; 76: 219- 26.
Chandy CJ, Richard II. Cerebral Malaria in Children. Infect Med 20; 2003: 53- 8.
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med 1989; 71: 441- 59.
Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 577- 87.
Esamai F, Nabakwe E, Mining S, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya. East Afr Med J. 1999; 76: 89- 92.
Olumese PE, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA, et al. Neurological features of cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999; 19: 321- 5.
Lewallen S, Bakker H, Taylor TE, et al. Retinal findings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 144- 6.
English MC, Waruiru C, Lightowler C, et al. Hyponatraemia and dehydration in severe malaria. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 201- 5.
Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Paul M, et al. Severe and complicated falciparum malaria in Melanesian adults in Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55:119- 24.
Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1399- 404.
Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 281- 7.
Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Krishna S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with cerebral malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 300- 9.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 1996; 174: 1091- 7.
Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, et al. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1040- 7.
Pasvol G, Newton CR, Winstanley PA, et al. Quinine treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children: a randomized comparison of three regimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45: 702- 13.
Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, et al. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92: 437- 40.
Van Hensbroek MB, Onyiorah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 69- 75.
Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet 2000; 355: 701- 6.
Meremikwu M, Marson AG. Routine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; CD002152.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, et al. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 125- 9.
Holding PA, Stevenson J, Peshu N, Marsh K. Cognitive sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 529- 34.
Türk Pediatri Arşivi 2005; 40: 235- 40
Süleyman Bayraktar. Plasmodium vivax’a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu 1.
Rudolph AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD. Parasitic Diseases
In: Rudolh AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD (eds). Rudolph’s
Pediatrics. 20 th edition. Stamford Connecticut 1996; 760- 6. 2.
Snow RW, Omumbo JA, Lowe B, et al. Relation between
severe malaria morbidity in children and level of Plasmodium
falciparum transmission in Africa. Lancet. 1997; 349: 1650-4. 3.
Unat EK, Yücel A, Altaş K. Plas modium cins i türleri ve
parazitlikleri. Unat’ın Tıp Parazitolojisi. 4. Baskı. İstanbul 1991; 621- 60. 4.
Newton CR, Krishna S. Severe falciparum malaria in children:
current understanding of pathophysiology and supportive
treatment. Pharmacol Ther 1998; 79: 1- 53. 5.
Braga MD, Alcantara GC, d a Silva CN, Na scimento CG.
Cerebral malaria in Cerea: a case report. Rev Soc Bras Med
Trop 2004; 37: 53- 5. 6.
Bag MA, Khan R, Baig SM. Cerebral involment in benign
tertian malaria. Am J Trop Hyg 2002; 67: 230- 2. 7.
Parez N, Deleee S, Favier R. Imported malaria in children
in 1999. Study of the Armand-Trousseau Hospital in Paris.
Arch Pediatr 2002; 9: 371- 6. 8.
Severe fal ciparum malaria. World Healt h Organizati on,
Communicable Diseases Cluster. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
; 94: S1- 90. 9.
Newton CR, Taylor TE, Whitten RO. Pathophysiology of
fatal falciparum malaria in African children. Am J Trop Med
Hyg. 1998; 58: 673- 83.
New ton CR, Crawl ey J, Sow umni A, et al. Intra crani al hypertension in Africans with cerebral m alaria. Arch Dis Child. 1997; 76: 219- 26.
Chandy CJ, Richard II. Cerebral Malaria in Children. Infect Med 20; 2003: 53- 8.
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med 1989; 71: 441- 59.
Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 577- 87.
Esamai F, Nabakwe E, Mining S, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya . East Afr Med J. 19 99; 76: 89- 92.
Olumese PE, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA, et al. Neurological features of cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999; 19: 321- 5.
Lewallen S, Bak ker H, Taylor TE, et al. Re tinal find ings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 144- 6.
English MC, Waruiru C, Lightowler C, et al. Hyponatraemia and dehydration in severe malaria. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 201- 5.
Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Paul M, et al. Severe and complicated falciparu m malaria in Melan esian adu lts in Pap ua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55:119- 24.
Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1399- 404.
Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 281- 7.
Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Krishna S, et al. Magnetic reso nance imaging of the b rain in p atients with ce rebra l malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 300- 9.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral mala ria. J In fect Dis 1 996; 174: 1091- 7.
Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, et al. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1040- 7.
Pasvol G, Newton CR, Winstanley PA, et al. Quinine treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children: a randomized comparison of three regimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45: 702- 13.
Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, et al. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92: 437- 40.
Van Hensbroek MB, Onyiorah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 69- 75.
Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet 2000; 355: 701- 6.
Meremikwu M, Marson AG. Routine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; CD002152.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, et al. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 125- 9.
Holding PA, Stevenson J, Peshu N, Marsh K. Cognitive sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 529- 34.
Türk Pediatri Arşivi 2005; 40: 235- 40
Süleyman Bayraktar. Plasmodium vivax’a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu

Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu Olgu Sunumu

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3, 235 - 240, 01.09.2005

Süleyman Bayraktar Seher Tabanlı Bayrak H. Haldun Emir Murat Elevli

Öz

Sıtmalı hastada ağrının yerinin belirlenememesi ve ensefalopatinin başka herhangi bir nedenle açıklanamaması durumu serebral malarya olarak tanımlanır Sıklığı kesin olarak bilinmemektedir Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya Plasmodium falciparum a göre çok daha nadirdir Nadir rastlanması dolayısıyla Plasmodium vivax a bağlı 7 yaşında bir çocuk serebral malarya olgusu sunulmuştur Anahtar Kelimeler: serebral malarya plasmodium vivax

Anahtar Kelimeler

serebral malarya, plasmodium vivax

Kaynakça

New ton CR, Crawl ey J, Sow umni A, et al. Intra crani al hypertension in Africans with cerebral m alaria. Arch Dis Child. 1997; 76: 219- 26.
Chandy CJ, Richard II. Cerebral Malaria in Children. Infect
Med 20; 2003: 53- 8.
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med 1989; 71: 441- 59.
Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 577- 87.
Esamai F, Nabakwe E, Mining S, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya . East Afr Med J. 19 99; 76: 89- 92.
Olumese PE, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA, et al. Neurological features of cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999; 19: 321- 5.
Lewallen S, Bak ker H, Taylor TE, et al. Re tinal find ings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 144- 6.
English MC, Waruiru C, Lightowler C, et al. Hyponatraemia and dehydration in severe malaria. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 201- 5.
Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Paul M, et al. Severe and complicated falciparu m malaria in Melan esian adu lts in Pap ua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55:119- 24.
Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1399- 404.
Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 281- 7.
Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Krishna S, et al. Magnetic reso nance imaging of the b rain in p atients with ce rebra l malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 300- 9.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral mala ria. J In fect Dis 1 996; 174: 1091- 7.
Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, et al. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1040- 7.
Pasvol G, Newton CR, Winstanley PA, et al. Quinine treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children: a randomized comparison of three regimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45: 702- 13.
Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, et al. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92: 437- 40.
Van Hensbroek MB, Onyiorah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 69- 75.
Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet 2000; 355: 701- 6.
Meremikwu M, Marson AG. Rou tine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; CD002152.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, et al. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 125- 9.
Holding PA, Steve nson J, Peshu N, Ma rsh K. Cogniti ve sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 529- 34.
Kurumlar: Haseki Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Çocuk Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye
Newton CR, Crawley J, Sowumni A, et al. Intracranial hypertension in Africans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child. 1997; 76: 219- 26.
Chandy CJ, Richard II. Cerebral Malaria in Children. Infect Med 20; 2003: 53- 8.
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med 1989; 71: 441- 59.
Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 577- 87.
Esamai F, Nabakwe E, Mining S, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya. East Afr Med J. 1999; 76: 89- 92.
Olumese PE, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA, et al. Neurological features of cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999; 19: 321- 5.
Lewallen S, Bakker H, Taylor TE, et al. Retinal findings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 144- 6.
English MC, Waruiru C, Lightowler C, et al. Hyponatraemia and dehydration in severe malaria. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 201- 5.
Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Paul M, et al. Severe and complicated falciparum malaria in Melanesian adults in Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55:119- 24.
Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1399- 404.
Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 281- 7.
Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Krishna S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with cerebral malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 300- 9.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 1996; 174: 1091- 7.
Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, et al. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1040- 7.
Pasvol G, Newton CR, Winstanley PA, et al. Quinine treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children: a randomized comparison of three regimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45: 702- 13.
Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, et al. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92: 437- 40.
Van Hensbroek MB, Onyiorah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 69- 75.
Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet 2000; 355: 701- 6.
Meremikwu M, Marson AG. Routine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; CD002152.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, et al. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 125- 9.
Holding PA, Stevenson J, Peshu N, Marsh K. Cognitive sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 529- 34.
Türk Pediatri Arşivi 2005; 40: 235- 40
Süleyman Bayraktar. Plasmodium vivax’a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu 1.
Rudolph AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD. Parasitic Diseases
In: Rudolh AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD (eds). Rudolph’s
Pediatrics. 20 th edition. Stamford Connecticut 1996; 760- 6. 2.
Snow RW, Omumbo JA, Lowe B, et al. Relation between
severe malaria morbidity in children and level of Plasmodium
falciparum transmission in Africa. Lancet. 1997; 349: 1650-4. 3.
Unat EK, Yücel A, Altaş K. Plas modium cins i türleri ve
parazitlikleri. Unat’ın Tıp Parazitolojisi. 4. Baskı. İstanbul 1991; 621- 60. 4.
Newton CR, Krishna S. Severe falciparum malaria in children:
current understanding of pathophysiology and supportive
treatment. Pharmacol Ther 1998; 79: 1- 53. 5.
Braga MD, Alcantara GC, d a Silva CN, Na scimento CG.
Cerebral malaria in Cerea: a case report. Rev Soc Bras Med
Trop 2004; 37: 53- 5. 6.
Bag MA, Khan R, Baig SM. Cerebral involment in benign
tertian malaria. Am J Trop Hyg 2002; 67: 230- 2. 7.
Parez N, Deleee S, Favier R. Imported malaria in children
in 1999. Study of the Armand-Trousseau Hospital in Paris.
Arch Pediatr 2002; 9: 371- 6. 8.
Severe fal ciparum malaria. World Healt h Organizati on,
Communicable Diseases Cluster. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
; 94: S1- 90. 9.
Newton CR, Taylor TE, Whitten RO. Pathophysiology of
fatal falciparum malaria in African children. Am J Trop Med
Hyg. 1998; 58: 673- 83.
New ton CR, Crawl ey J, Sow umni A, et al. Intra crani al hypertension in Africans with cerebral m alaria. Arch Dis Child. 1997; 76: 219- 26.
Chandy CJ, Richard II. Cerebral Malaria in Children. Infect Med 20; 2003: 53- 8.
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Q J Med 1989; 71: 441- 59.
Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 577- 87.
Esamai F, Nabakwe E, Mining S, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya . East Afr Med J. 19 99; 76: 89- 92.
Olumese PE, Gbadegesin RA, Adeyemo AA, et al. Neurological features of cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999; 19: 321- 5.
Lewallen S, Bak ker H, Taylor TE, et al. Re tinal find ings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90: 144- 6.
English MC, Waruiru C, Lightowler C, et al. Hyponatraemia and dehydration in severe malaria. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 201- 5.
Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Paul M, et al. Severe and complicated falciparu m malaria in Melan esian adu lts in Pap ua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996; 55:119- 24.
Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1399- 404.
Newton CR, Peshu N, Kendall B, et al. Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 281- 7.
Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P, Krishna S, et al. Magnetic reso nance imaging of the b rain in p atients with ce rebra l malaria. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 300- 9.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral mala ria. J In fect Dis 1 996; 174: 1091- 7.
Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, et al. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1040- 7.
Pasvol G, Newton CR, Winstanley PA, et al. Quinine treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children: a randomized comparison of three regimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45: 702- 13.
Barennes H, Munjakazi J, Verdier F, et al. An open randomized clinical study of intrarectal versus infused Quinimax for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in Niger. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 92: 437- 40.
Van Hensbroek MB, Onyiorah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 69- 75.
Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet 2000; 355: 701- 6.
Meremikwu M, Marson AG. Routine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; CD002152.
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, et al. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 125- 9.
Holding PA, Stevenson J, Peshu N, Marsh K. Cognitive sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 529- 34.
Türk Pediatri Arşivi 2005; 40: 235- 40
Süleyman Bayraktar. Plasmodium vivax’a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu

Toplam 94 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Olgu Sunumu
Yazarlar	Süleyman Bayraktar Bu kişi benim Seher Tabanlı Bayrak Bu kişi benim H. Haldun Emir Bu kişi benim Murat Elevli Bu kişi benim
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Eylül 2005
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2005 Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Bayraktar, S., Bayrak, S. T., Emir, H. H., Elevli, M. (2005). Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu Olgu Sunumu. Türk Pediatri Arşivi, 40(3), 235-240.
AMA	Bayraktar S, Bayrak ST, Emir HH, Elevli M. Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu Olgu Sunumu. Türk Pediatri Arşivi. Eylül 2005;40(3):235-240.
Chicago	Bayraktar, Süleyman, Seher Tabanlı Bayrak, H. Haldun Emir, ve Murat Elevli. “Plasmodium Vivax a bağlı Serebral Malarya Olgusu Olgu Sunumu”. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 40, sy. 3 (Eylül 2005): 235-40.
EndNote	Bayraktar S, Bayrak ST, Emir HH, Elevli M (01 Eylül 2005) Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu Olgu Sunumu. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 40 3 235–240.
IEEE	S. Bayraktar, S. T. Bayrak, H. H. Emir, ve M. Elevli, “Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu Olgu Sunumu”, Türk Pediatri Arşivi, c. 40, sy. 3, ss. 235–240, 2005.
ISNAD	Bayraktar, Süleyman vd. “Plasmodium Vivax a bağlı Serebral Malarya Olgusu Olgu Sunumu”. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 40/3 (Eylül 2005), 235-240.
JAMA	Bayraktar S, Bayrak ST, Emir HH, Elevli M. Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu Olgu Sunumu. Türk Pediatri Arşivi. 2005;40:235–240.
MLA	Bayraktar, Süleyman vd. “Plasmodium Vivax a bağlı Serebral Malarya Olgusu Olgu Sunumu”. Türk Pediatri Arşivi, c. 40, sy. 3, 2005, ss. 235-40.
Vancouver	Bayraktar S, Bayrak ST, Emir HH, Elevli M. Plasmodium vivax a bağlı serebral malarya olgusu Olgu Sunumu. Türk Pediatri Arşivi. 2005;40(3):235-40.

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