ASEAN’ın Myanmar açmazı: İdeallerin gerçeklerle yüzleşmesi

Öz

ASEAN (The Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Güney Doğu Asya Ülkeleri Birliği), sadece Güneydoğu Asya için değil bölge dışı ülkeler için de önem kazanan bir bölgesel örgüt olmayı başarmıştır. Örgüt, 2003 ve 2008 yıllarında benimsediği vizyonlar ile güvenlik, ekonomik ve sosyal alanlarda daha entegre bir birlik oluşturma hedefine yönelmiştir. Özellikle 2008 Sözleşmesi ile yeni ASEAN vizyonunun ortak kimlik etrafında gelişeceği ve bu kimliğin demokrasi, iyi yönetim, hukukun üstünlüğü ve temel hak ve özgürlüklerin korunmasına dayalı bir perspektifi içereceği öngörülmüştür. Ancak üye devletlerde yaşanan iç istikrarsızlıklar, etnik çatışmalar ve darbeler bu vizyonun gerçekleştirilebilmesi önünde ciddi bir engel teşkil etmiştir. 2021 yılında Myanmar’da yaşanan askerî darbe dünyanın dikkatini çekerken ASEAN için de yeni bir test mi tartışmalarını beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu makale ASEAN üyelerinin demokrasi sicillerini incelemekte, bu devletlerin ve ASEAN'ın Myanmar darbesine yönelik kurumsal tutumlarını irdelemekte ve ASEAN'ın yaşanan somut bir krizde 2008 Sözleşmesi’nde belirlenen ilkelerle ne derece uyumlu bir politika takip ettiğini/edemediğini analiz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ASEAN
• 2008 Sözleşmesi
• Myanmar Darbesi

ASEAN's Myanmar dilemma: Ideals confront realities

Abstract

ASEAN has become an important regional organization not only for Southeast Asia but also for countries beyond the region. With the visions adopted in 2003 and 2008, the Organization has moved towards the goal of creating a more integrated union in the security, economic and social fields. Especially with the 2008 Charter, it was envisaged that the new ASEAN vision would develop around a common identity that would include a perspective based on democracy, good governance, the rule of law and the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. However, internal instabilities, ethnic conflicts and coups d'états in member states have been a serious obstacle to the realization of this vision. In 2021 when the military coup in Myanmar attracted the attention of the world, it also brought about debates on whether it was a new test for ASEAN. This article examines the democracy records of ASEAN members, scrutinizes the member states' and ASEAN's institutional positions towards the Myanmar coup, and analyzes the extent to which ASEAN has or has not followed a policy consistent with the principles set out in the 2008 Charter in a concrete crisis.

Keywords

• ASEAN
• the 2008 Charter
• Myanmar’s Coup

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