Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes

Esma Ebru Şentürk

doi:10.47934/tife.13.02.01

EN TR

Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes

Öz

The present study examined the usage of QR codes among consumers from different demographic groups (gender, generation, marital status, work, income, education, experience with QR codes, QR code usage frequency, QR code risk perception) within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). An online survey was used in the research methodology. A total of 556 individuals aged 18 and above residing in Türkiye were included in the study. The data obtained were utilized to analyze the effect of the perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment dimensions of the TAM on QR code usage attitude and intention to use, accomplished through the use of structural equation modeling. The findings showed that user experience and security perception influence QR code usage. Additionally, the study demonstrated that perceived enjoyment positively affects the intention to use QR codes, whereas perceived usefulness has no effect on the intention to use QR codes. It is imperative to develop security measures, conduct awareness studies, and enhance consumers' perceptions of trust in QR codes to facilitate the widespread acceptance of QR codes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

QR Code, Consumer Behavior, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Tara – al: Qr kod kullanan tüketicilerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri üzerine bir inceleme

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Teknoloji Kabul Modeli (TAM) çerçevesinde farklı demografik gruplardan (cinsiyet, kuşak, medeni durum, çalışma durumu, gelir durumu, eğitim düzeyi, QR kod kullanma deneyimi, QR kod kullanma sıklığı, QR kod risk algısı) tüketiciler arasında QR kod kullanımı incelenmiştir. Araştırma verisi online anket ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya 18 yaş ve üzerinde olan Türkiye'de ikamet eden toplam 556 birey dâhil edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak TAM'ın algılanan fayda ve algılanan eğlence boyutlarının QR kod kullanma tutumu ve kullanma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, kullanıcı deneyiminin ve güvenlik algısının QR kod kullanımını etkilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca çalışma, algılanan eğlencenin QR kod kullanma niyetini olumlu yönde etkilediğini, algılanan faydanın ise QR kod kullanma niyetini etkilemediğini ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma QR kodların yaygın kabul görmesini kolaylaştırmak için güvenlik önlemlerinin geliştirilmesi, farkındalık çalışmalarının yapılması ve tüketicilerin QR kodlara olan güven algısının arttırılması zorunluluğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Qr Kod, Tüketici Davranışları, Teknoloji Kabul Modeli (TKM)

Kaynakça

Afsay, A., Tahriri, A., & Rezaee, Z. (2023). A meta-analysis of factors affecting acceptance of information technology in auditing. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2022.100608
Albero, C. T., Morales, J. M. R., & Molina, ósCar M. (2011). ¿Por qué usamos las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones? Un estudio sobre las bases sociales de la utilidad individual de internet. Revista internaCional de soCiología (RİS), 69(2), 371–392.
Atkinson, L. (2013). Smart shoppers? Using QR codes and ‘green’ smartphone apps to mobilize sustainable consumption in the retail environment. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(4), 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12025
Atsan, M., Çetinkaya, S., & Adil, A. (2023). Kültürel miras alanlarında QR kod teknolojileri kullanımında turizm paydaşlarının görüşleri: Anamur antik kent örneği görünümü. Uluslararası Akademik Birikim Dergisi, 6(Özel Sayı), 213–224.
Avcı, M. (2017). Mobil pazarlama uygulamalarının benimsenmesinde algılanan eğlence faktörünün önemi: QR kod uygulamaları üzerine bir çalışma. [Master Thesis, Karabük Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü].
Berger, B. (2022, November, 16). Everything you need to know about QR codes tracking in 2023. Blinq. Retrieved January 23, 2024 from https://blinq.me/blog/qr-codes-tracking
Cabero Almenara, J., Barroso Osuna, J., & Llorente Cejudo, M. del C. (2016). Technology acceptance model & realidad aumentada: Estudio en desarrollo. Revista Lasallista de Investigación, 13(2), 18–26.
Carroll, J. M., & Thomas, J. C. (1988). Fun. SIGCHI Bulletin, 19(3), 21–24.
Cauley, K., Kiriakova, M., & Sexton, E. (2023). They’re back! QR codes for marketing the academic library after pandemic lockdowns. Public Services Quarterly, 19(3), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228959.2022.2152152
Cata, T., Patel, P. S., & Sakaguchi, T. (2013). QR Code: A New Opportunity for Effective Mobile Marketing. Journal of Mobile Technologies, Knowledge and Society, 2013, 1–7.

Chatterjee, J. (2009). Marketing strategies to generation m(obiles). CPJ Global Review, 1(1), 79–84.
Cho, Y. C., & Sagynov, E. (2015). Exploring factors that affect usefulness, ease of use, trust, and purchase intention in the online environment. International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS), 19(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v19i1.9086
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of ınformation technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and ıntrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111–1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x
de Sá Santos Sousa, E. (2021). The impact of the QR code content and customer experience on QR code usage intention and customer satisfaction. [Dissertation, Universidade Católica Portuguesa].
Demir, S., Kaynak, R., & Demir, K. A. (2015). Usage level and future intent of use of quick response (QR) codes for mobile marketing among college students in Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 405–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.903
Denso Wave Incorporated. (n.d.). History of QR. QRcode.com. Retrieved January 23, 2024, from https://www.qrcode.com/en/history/
Diffusion. (n.d.). Stable Diffusion: Free online aı art generator. Diffusion.to. Retrieved November 21, 2023, from https://diffusion.to
Dorie, A., & Loranger, D. (2020). The multi-generation: Generational differences in channel activity. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 48(4), 395–416. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-06-2019-0196
Fettahlıoğlu, H. S., Birin, C., & Yıltay, S. (2018). Teknoloji kabul modeline göre kuşaklar arası farklılığın incelenmesi: Akıllı telefon uygulamaları kullananlara yönelik bir araştırma. Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 4(8), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.31589/JOSHAS.33
Fitriyah, I. J., Munzil, M., Affriyenni, Y., & Hamimi, E. (2023, January). Chemical solution bottle with QR code as an innovation for learning media in the laboratory [Conference]. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2569, No. 1). Malang, Indonesia.
Fong, S. L., Chin, D. W. Y., Abbas, R. A., Jamal, A., & Ahmed, F. Y. (2019, June). Smart city bus application with QR code: A review [Conference]. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS). Shah Alam, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2019.8825047
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
Friedrich, R., Peterson, M., & Koster, A. (2011). The rise of generation C. Strategy+ Business, 62, 1–8.
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Pearson Education.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis a global perspective. Pearson.
Hegde, A. (2023). QR codes for print media: How to leverage it for better user journeys. Retrieved January 22, 2024 from https://blog.beaconstac.com/2019/10/qr-codes-for-print-media/
Hsiao, T. Y., Sung, P. L., Tsai, H. Y., Wang, T. S., & Liang, A. R. D. (2021). Establishing a model of low-carbon tour promotion for use by travel agencies from the perspective of shared value theory. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100787
Joo, J. (2014). Exploring Korean collegians’ social commerce usage: Extending technology acceptance model with word-of-mouth and perceived enjoyment. Journal of Digital Convergence, 12(8), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2014.12.8.147
Kaspersky. (2020, September 2). QR kodları ve QR kodlarının taratılması kılavuz [IT]. Retrieved August 21, 2023 from www.kaspersky.com.tr. https://www.kaspersky.com.tr/resource-center/definitions/what-is-a-qr-code-how-to-scan.
Kim, Y. G., & Woo, E. (2016). Consumer acceptance of a quick response (QR) code for the food traceability system: Application of an extended technology acceptance model (TAM). Food Research International, 85, 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.05.002
Kişin, S. (2022, February 7). Holimax’ten ilk QR kodlu reklam filmi. Retrieved October 19, 2023 from https://www.adjustbrand.com/haberler/holimaxten-ilk-qr-kodlu-reklam-filmi/.
Lee, H., Fiore, A. M., & Kim, J. (2006). The role of the technology acceptance model in explaining effects of image interactivity technology on consumer responses. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 34(8), 621–644. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550610675949
Lin, C., Shih, H., & Sher, P. J. (2007). Integrating technology readiness into technology acceptance: The TRAM model. Psychology & Marketing, 24(7), 641–657. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20177
Lin, S., Chen, S. C., & Chuang, S.-H. (2017). Perceived ınnovation and quick response codes in an online-to-offline e-commerce service model. International Journal of E-Adoption, 9(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEA.2017070101
LogoQNet. (n.d.). Promote with a design code. Retrieved January 23, 2024 from https://logoq.net/logoq/contents/concept/promotion.php
Maqbool, A., & Iqbal, S. Z. (2022). QR code tracker to magnify business ıntelligence in real estate marketing deployed with cloud computing with SMs. LC International Journal of STEM, 3(3), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.7271075
Medya Radar. (2012, June 28). Türkiye Gazetesi’nden bir ilk; QR kodu kullanılacak!. Retrieved October 19, 2023 from https://www.medyaradar.com/turkiye-gazetesinden-bir-ilk-qr-kodu-kullanilacak-haberi-84773.
Metin, U. (2023, June 9). Yeni nesil sanatsal QR kodlar. Retrieved June 12, 2023 from https://www.pazarlamasyon.com/yeni-nesil-sanatsal-qr-kodlar.
Moon, J. W., & Kim, Y. G. (2001). Extending the TAM for a World-Wide-Web context. Information & Management, 38(4), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(00)00061-6
Mortimer, G., Andrade, M. L. O., & Fazal-e-Hasan, S. M. (2024). From traditional to transformed: Examining the pre- and post-covıd consumers’ shopping mall experiences. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 76, 103583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103583
Tahara, N., Wang. S., Kai, H., Takahashi, H., & Morii, M. (2023). QR-code with superimposed text. In 24st Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), Sejong, Korea, Republic of.
Nath, A. B., & Varghese, T. (2020). Factors influencing the effective usage of QR code: A study among readers of Trivandrum City. IJRAR, 7(1), 822–870.
Naz, S., Asrar-ul-Haq, M., Iqbal, A., & Ahmed, M. (2023). Relationship between brand innovativeness and customer satisfaction: A moderated mediation model from generation M perspective. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(11), 2928–2948. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2022-0029
Ngo, T. K. T., & Nguyen, T. H. (2021). The intention to use QR code payment in an emerging market – the role of “Attitude” as mediator. Psychology and Education Journal, 58(1), 3440–3454. https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1284
Odabaşı, Y. (2021). Postmodern pazarlamayı anlamak (2nd Edition.). The Kitap.
Okazaki, S., Li, H., & Hirose, M. (2012). Benchmarking the use of QR code in mobile promotion: Three studies in Japan. Journal of Advertising Research, 52(1), 102–117. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-52-1-102-117
Pratiwi, D. F., & Dewi, C. K. (2018). Factors (benefits, trust, self-efficacy, ease of use, security) affecting consumer’s perception on e-money in Indonesia. Journal of Secretary and Business Administration, 2(2), 24-37. https://doi.org/10.31104/jsab.v2i2.60
Recipe London. (2023). Together we can rebuild. Retrieved October 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qKO1EkLFVQ
Rouillard, J. (2008, July 27 – August 01). Contextual QR codes. In 2008 The Third International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology (iccgi 2008) [Conferance]. 3rd International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Thechnology (ICCGI), Athens, Greece.
Sago, B. (2011). The usage level and effectiveness of quick response (QR) Codes for ıntegrated marketing communication purposes among college students. International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, 3(2), 7–17.
Sang Ryu, J., & Murdock, K. (2013). Consumer acceptance of mobile marketing communications using the QR code. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 15(2), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.1057/dddmp.2013.53
Seat: QR Code. (n.d.). Ads of the WorldTM. Retrieved October 19, 2023, from https://www.adsoftheworld.com/campaigns/qr-code-cacf1fad-f372-41f7-9d47-bfff7b5d99b3
Shin, D.-H., Jung, J., & Chang, B.-H. (2012). The psychology behind QR codes: User experience perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1417–1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.004
Sitinjaka, D., & Koesrindartoto, D. (2019). Factors influencing the consumer adoption of mobile QR code payments in Indonesian University Students. In Proceeding Book of The 4th ICMEM 2019 and The 11th IICIES 2019 [Conferance]. The 4th ICMEM and The 11th IICIES, Bali, Indonesia.
Stojanović, D., Bogdanović, Z., Petrović, L., Mitrović, S., & Labus, A. (2023). Empowering learning process in secondary education using pervasive technologies. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(2), 779–792. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1806886
Suo, W. J., Goi, M. T., & Sim, A. K. S. (2022). Factors ınfluencing behavioral ıntention to adopt the QR-code payment. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management, 13(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.4018/IJABIM.20220701.oa8
Susanti, E., & Astuti, F. D. (2019). Technology acceptance model for digital marketing analysis. In Proceedings of the International Conferences on Information System and Technology [Conferances]. the International Conferences on Information System and Technology (CONRIST), Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009433700850091
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Fidell Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson.
Tazefidan, E. (2020). Yiyecek içecek işletmelerinde uygulanan yenilikçi etkinliklerinin tüketici tercihleri üzerindeki etkisi: İzmir ili örneği. Master Thesis [Pamukkale University].
Teo, T., & Noyes, J. (2011). An assessment of the influence of perceived enjoyment and attitude on the intention to use technology among pre-service teachers: A structural equation modeling approach. Computers & Education, 57(2), 1645–1653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.03.002
TikTok. (n.d.). Ads of the WorldTM. Retrieved October 19, 2023, from https://www.adsoftheworld.com/campaigns/tiktok-qr-code-campaign
Toktamiş, G. (2021). Açık hava reklamlarında QR kod kullanımının interaktiviteyi sağlamadaki rolü Master Thesis [Kocaeli University].
Trivedi, R., Teichert, T., & Hardeck, D. (2020). Effectiveness of pull-based print advertising with QR codes. European Journal of Marketing, 54(1), 145–167.
Türker, C. (2019). Tüketicilerin yeni teknolojileri benimsemelerinin teknoloji kabul modeli boyutları itibariyle incelenmesi: Mobil ödeme sistemleri üzerine bir araştırma. Master Thesis, [İstanbul University].
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TÜİK]. (2023). Adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi sonuçları, 2022 (Sayı: 49685). Retrieved November 30, 2023 from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2022-49685.
Uyar, A. (2019). Tüketicilerin mobil uygulamalara ilişkin algılarının teknoloji kabul modeli ile değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Business Research - Turk, 11(1), 687–705. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.629
Vall. (2023, July 26). Luxury brands launch branded QR codes for global campaigns. Tiger. Retrieved October 10, 2023 from https://www.qrcode-tiger.com/big-luxury-brands-are-all-moving-to-customized-branded-qr-codes-did-you
Van Der Heijden, H. (2003). Factors influencing the usage of websites: The case of a generic portal in The Netherlands. Information & Management, 40(6), 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(02)00079-4
Wang, C., Lo, S., & Fang, W. (2008). Extending the technology acceptance model to mobile telecommunication innovation: The existence of network externalities. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7(2), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.240
Williams, K. C., & Page, R. A. (2011). Marketing to the generations. Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business, 3(1), 37–53.
Won, D., Chiu, W., & Byun, H. (2023). Factors influencing consumer use of a sport-branded app: The technology acceptance model integrating app quality and perceived enjoyment. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 35(5), 1112–1133. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-09-2021-0709
Yamane, T. (2001). Temel örnekleme yöntemleri. E. Alptekin, C. Aydın, E. Gürbüzsel, ve M. A. Bakır, (Translating). Literatür Yayıncılık.
Yıldırır, S. C., & Kaplan, B. (2019). Adoption of mobile application: A study with technology acceptance model. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(19), 22–51. https://doi.org/10.9775/kauiibfd.2019.002
Zapryanov, G., & Nikolova, I. (September 18-20, 2023). Evaluation of the readability of QR codes on High reflective stainless steel [Conferance]. In 2023 International Scientific Conference on Computer Science (COMSCI). Sozopol, Bulgaria. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMSCI59259.2023.10315830
Zhang, Z., & Xu, Y. (October 17-19, 2019). Mobile ticket purchase model construction and customer preference analysis based on technology acceptance model. In 2019 IEEE 10TH Annual Informatıon Technology, Electronıcs and Mobıle Communıcatıon Conference (IEMCON) [Conferance]. Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Zhong, Y., & Moon, H. C. (2022). Investigating customer behavior of using contactless payment in china: a comparative study of facial recognition payment and mobile QR-code payment. Sustainability, 14(12), 7150. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127150

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Dijital Pazarlama, Pazarlama İletişimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Esma Ebru Şentürk ^*
0000-0002-4528-1518
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

27 Aralık 2024

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Aralık 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

21 Mayıs 2024

Kabul Tarihi

31 Ekim 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47934/tife.13.02.01

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA77HB56UK

APA

Şentürk, E. E. (2024). Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes. Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-Dergi, 13(2), 101-124. https://doi.org/10.47934/tife.13.02.01

AMA

1.Şentürk EE. Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes. TİFE. 2024;13(2):101-124. doi:10.47934/tife.13.02.01

Chicago

Şentürk, Esma Ebru. 2024. “Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes”. Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-Dergi 13 (2): 101-24. https://doi.org/10.47934/tife.13.02.01.

EndNote

Şentürk EE (01 Aralık 2024) Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes. Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-Dergi 13 2 101–124.

IEEE

[1]E. E. Şentürk, “Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes”, TİFE, c. 13, sy 2, ss. 101–124, Ara. 2024, doi: 10.47934/tife.13.02.01.

ISNAD

Şentürk, Esma Ebru. “Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes”. Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-Dergi 13/2 (01 Aralık 2024): 101-124. https://doi.org/10.47934/tife.13.02.01.

JAMA

1.Şentürk EE. Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes. TİFE. 2024;13:101–124.

MLA

Şentürk, Esma Ebru. “Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes”. Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-Dergi, c. 13, sy 2, Aralık 2024, ss. 101-24, doi:10.47934/tife.13.02.01.

Vancouver

1.Esma Ebru Şentürk. Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes. TİFE. 01 Aralık 2024;13(2):101-24. doi:10.47934/tife.13.02.01

download?token=eyJhdXRoX3JvbGVzIjpbXSwiZW5kcG9pbnQiOiJqb3VybmFsIiwib3JpZ2luYWxuYW1lIjoiU2NyZWVuc2hvdF8xLnBuZyIsInBhdGgiOiIwZjdlL2YyOWMvMTljYy82YTI3MDY2NGI1ZGNiMi4xMjk4ODA3Ny5wbmciLCJleHAiOjE3ODA5NDYwMzYsIm5vbmNlIjoiNDA1ZTcwNDMyMTZjMTYyM2FiZGFhOWMyYzM4NWZkMmYifQ.VW-UjKmiFUfssFssL0LhNPpGqiWYSJqKUfCkuS2ZAYo download?token=eyJhdXRoX3JvbGVzIjpbXSwiZW5kcG9pbnQiOiJqb3VybmFsIiwib3JpZ2luYWxuYW1lIjoiV2hhdHNBcHAgSW1hZ2UgMjAyNi0wNi0wNSBhdCAxNS41Mi4wNi5KUEciLCJwYXRoIjoiNjM0ZC8xYWE0L2RmZDIvNmEyNzIwMDQ5YzFhNjAuMTYxMDUzODkuSlBHIiwiZXhwIjoxNzgwOTUyNTk2LCJub25jZSI6IjFhZjAzNTJmYmVlNzhhMjMxZTE1YmMyMGM1YzU2N2U3In0.0CZYsWkCk46Bfu0GwGEe0VfC26dutvfhkhiA3P7QpwU

Scan it - get it: A study on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers using qr codes

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tara – al: Qr kod kullanan tüketicilerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri üzerine bir inceleme

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster