Reasons for emigration from Africa: A recent analysis on Cameroon

Öz

One of the biggest issues facing humanity in the current century is mass migration from the developing to the industrialized world. While some migrations are legal, many others are not, which poses danger and risk, and are frequently fatal. In Sub-Saharan Africa, emigration through Libya tremendously increased after 2011 following the collapse of Qaddafi’s government, which led to civil war and the absence of a powerful government to enforce law and order in the country. Even though thousands of migrants die every year trying to cross the Mediterranean into Europe, many African youths still scramble to emigrate from the continent using both legal and illegal means. This study analyses how economic hardships and political instability act as push factors for emigration from Cameroon, as well as the risks faced during the emigration process. The paper also addresses the challenges faced by Cameroonian immigrants in their host country and the socioeconomic impact of emigration on Cameroon and concludes that push factors are more influential than pull factors in driving irregular immigration from Cameroon.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Migration
• Cameroon
• brain drain

Afrika’dan göçün nedenleri: Kamerun üzerine güncel bir inceleme

Öz

Bu yüzyılda insanlığın karşılaştığı en büyük sorunlardan biri, gelişmekte olan ülkelerden sanayileşmiş dünyaya doğru yapılan kitlesel göçtür. Bazı göçler yasal zemine dayanmakla birlikte pek çoğu yasal değildir; bu durum da tehlike ve risk oluşturmaktadır ve sıklıkla ölümcüldür. Kaddafi hükümetinin çöküşü sonrası yaşanan iç savaşın ardından ülkeye yasa ve düzen getirecek güçlü bir hükümetin olmaması nedeniyle Sahra Altı Afrika’dan Libya üzeri göç 2011'den sonra muazzam bir şekilde artmıştır. Her yıl binlerce göçmenin Akdeniz'i geçip Avrupa'ya ulaşmaya çalışırken hayatını kaybetmesine rağmen birçok Afrikalı genç hâlâ hem yasal hem de yasadışı yollarla kıtadan göç etmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ekonomik zorlukların ve siyasi istikrarsızlığın Kamerun'dan göç etmede itici faktörler olarak nasıl işlediğini ve göç sürecinde karşılaşılan riskleri incelemektedir. Makale ayrıca Kamerunlu göçmenlerin ev sahibi ülkelerde karşılaştıkları zorlukları ve göçün Kamerun üzerindeki sosyoekonomik etkisini ele almakta ve Kamerun'dan düzensiz göçü yönlendirmede itici faktörlerin çekici faktörlerden daha etkili olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göç
• Kamerun
• beyin göçü

Kaynakça

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