ANALYSIS OF TOBACCO USE BEHAVIOUR BASED ON TURKEY HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY

Öz

The aim of this study is to analyze tobacco use behaviour of the people aged 15 years and over in Turkey. Also, association between tobacco use and socio-demographic variables (gender, age, education, marital status, employment status, household income) and tobacco-related disease variables (asthma, lung diseases,  coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke and also alcohol use) is investigated.  In this study, dataset has been gathered from Turkey Health Interview Survey 2016 conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) including 17,242 individuals. Since all variables are categorical, results are presented as frequencies and percentages. To determine whether or not there is a assocation between related variables, Chi-Square test has been conducted  and Cramer’s V coefficient has been calculated. Additionally, t-test has been employed for continuous variables. Based on results of analyses, it has been seen that 43% of males and 18.57% of females and overall 29.43% of the respondents are current tobacco smokers while 14.19% of respondents are former tobacco smokers in Turkey. Accordingly, prevelence of tobacco use is quite higher among males than males. With regard to relationship between tobacco use status and social-demographing variables, gender and education level are found to be the most significant factors On the other hand, alcohol use is highly related with smoked tobacco. The results obtained from t test indicate that males started smoking earlier than females and also the number of cigarettes smoked per day in males is higher than females. Just about one-third of the daily smokers attempted to quit smoking and former smokers did not take any assistance to quit smoking. This result indicates that smokers should be encouraged to quit smoking using other cessation methods with new regulations. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tobacco use,Chi-Square Analysis

Kaynakça

1. References
2. Bozkurt A., Şahinöz S., Özçırpıcı B., Özgür S., Şahinöz T., Acemoğlu H., Saka G., Ceylan A., Palancı Y., İlçin Ersen, Akkafa F. (2006), Patterns of Active and Passive Smoking, and Associated Factors, in the South-East Anatolian Project (SEAP) Region in Turkey, BMC Public Health, Volume 6, 15
3. Cook K, Bhatti L, Tursan d’Espaignet E. (2016) WHO Tobacco Knowledge Summaries: Tobacco and Stroke. WHO, Geneva, Available:https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250278/WHO-NMH-PND-CIC-TKS-16.1-eng.pdf /Accessed on 27 June 2019
4. Cramer H. (1946) Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Princeton University Press
5. Çalıkoğlu E.O, Köyceğiz E. Tobacco Control Policies in Turkey in Terms of MPOWER. The Eurasian Journal of Medicine 2018; 50: DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.18009.
6. Çelikel F.C.,Çelikel S., Erkorkmaz Ü. Smoking Determinants in Turkish University Students, 2009, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6, 2248-2257; Doi:10.3390/ijerph6082248
7. Daniel W.W. Applied Nonparametric Statistics, 1990, Second Edition, George State UniversityErdoğan N. and Erdoğan I. Smoking at School: Views of Turkish University Students, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2009, 6, 36-50, Doi:10.3390/ijerph6010036
8. GATS Turkey Report 2010, The Ministry of Health of Turkey, Ankara, ISBN: 978 - 975 - 590 - 332 -3, Ministry of Health Publication Number: 803

9. GATS Turkey 2012, Public Health Institution of Turkey Ministry of Health, Publication No: 948, 2014, Ankara, ISBN: 978-975-590-502-0
10. İlhan M. N., Arıkan Z., Kotan Z, Tunçoğlu T., Pınarcı M., Taşdemir A., Ay B., Koçak N. Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. Arch Neuropsychiatry 2016; 53: 205-212 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2015.10050
11. Öksüz E., Mutlu E.T., Malhan S. Characteristics of Daily and Occasional Smoking Among Youths, 2007, Public Health, 121, 349–356
12. Öncel S.Y. Gebizlioğlu Ö.L. Alioğlu F.A. Risk factors for smoking behavior among university, 2011, Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 41 (6), 1071-1080
13. Öztürk A., Poyrazoğlu S, Şarlı Ş (2011) The short term effect of the law prohibiting smoking in enclosed areas upon the smoking conditions of employees in Kayseri, Turkey, Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 41 (1), 165-171
14. Palipudi K.M., Gupta P.C., Sinha D.N., Andes L.J., Asma S., McAfee T. (2012) Social Determinants of Health and Tobacco Use in Thirteen Low and Middle Income Countries: Evidence from Global Adult Tobacco Survey. PLoS ONE 7(3): e33466. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033466
15. Pekel Ö., Ergör G., Günay T., Baydur H, Choussein B., Budak R., Doğanay S. (2015) Smoking cessation and the effect of nicotine dependence on relapse rate in İzmir, Turkey, Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, (2015) 45: 895-901Saatci E. , Inan S., Bozdemir N., Akpinar E., Ergun G. Predictors of smoking behavior of first year university students: Questionnaire Survey, 2004, Croatian Medical Journal, 45(1):76-79,
16. Sağlam L. Investigation of the results of a smoking cessation clinic and the factors associated with success, 2012, Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 42 (3), 515-522
17. TurkStat 2019, Turkey Health Interview Survey 2016
18. Ukert B. The short- and long-run effects of smoking cessation on alcohol consumption”, International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 2017, 17:495–519 WHO 2019 b, Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Available: https://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/en/ Accessed on 01 August 2019
19. WHO, 2019, DON’T LET TOBACCO TAKE YOUR BREATH AWAY, Choose Health Not Tobacco 31 May World No Tobacco Day) Available: https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-no-tobacco-day/world-no-tobacco-day-2019/Accessed on 27 June 2019.
20. WHO, 2018b, World No Tobacco Day 2018: Tobacco breaks hearts – choose health, not tobacco. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/NMH/PND/18.4). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
21. WHO, 2018, WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking 2000–2025, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization,Available:http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/surveillance/trends-tobacco-smoking-second-edition/ Accessed on 25 June 2019