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Kamu ekonomisinde götürü vergileme ve götürü sübvansiyon: Teorik bir değerlendirme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 142 - 153, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.47934/tife.13.02.03

Öz

Götürü vergi ve götürü sübvansiyon uygulaması, refah iktisadının ikinci temel teoreminin bir konusudur. Refah iktisadı bilimsel olarak götürü vergi ve götürü sübvansiyon uygulamasının etkinliği bozmadan adaleti sağlayabileceğini savunur. Götürü vergi ve götürü sübvansiyonlar ikame etkisi yaratmamaktadır. Ancak özellikle vergi özelinde, farklılaştırılmış götürü vergi sistemi etkinlik bozmadan gelir dağıtım fonksiyonunu kazanabilir. Bu bağlamda kamu maliyesi, mükellefler arasında farklılaştırılmış götürü vergi sisteminin arayışı içindedir. Götürü vergi, mükellefler arası farklılaştırılabilirse vergi sistemi içinde yer edinebilir ve işlerlik kazanabilir. Götürü sübvansiyon uygulamalarında, alt gelir gruplarına uygulanacak yoksulluk programlarının serbest işleyen bir piyasada kaynak dağılımında etkinliği bozmayan doğru fiyat sinyalleri yaratacağı öngörülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, götürü vergi ve götürü sübvansiyon kavramlarını kamu ekonomisi açısından inceleyerek; uygulama örneklerini araştırmak ve günümüz maliye sistemlerinde götürü vergi ve götürü sübvansiyonun kullanılabilmesi için ne gibi arayışlar olduğunu ve dünyada yaygınlaşması için nelere gerek duyulduğunu ortaya koymaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Bakırcı, F. (2001). Bütçe Politikalarının Mikroekonomik Etkileri. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 43-59.
  • Belin, F. A. (1865). Essais Sur L'histoire Économique de la Turquie d'après Les Écrivains Originaux. Imprimerie Impériale.
  • Black, J., Hashimzade, N. ve Myles G. (2009). A Dictionary of Economics. Oxford University Press.
  • CEDEPLAR (2006). Projecto De Avaliacao Do Impacto Do Programa Bolsa Familia- Relatorio Analitico Final: Mimeo.
  • Charles, II. (1660). An Act for the speedy provision of money for disbanding and paying off the forces of this Kingdome both by Land and Sea.," in Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1625-80, ed. John Raithby (s.l: Great Britain Record Commission, 1819), 207-225. British History Online. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol5/pp207-225 adresinden 15 Haziran 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Chronic Poverty Centre (2007). Social Protection And Cash Transfers In Uganda: Frequently Asked Questions On Cash Transfers. Policy Brief No.3/2007.
  • Connoly S. ve Munro A. (1999). Economics of the Public Sector. Prentice Hall Europe.
  • Dalamagas, B. (2005). Income and substitution effects of fiscal policy on work effort. International Review of Applied Economics, 19(2), 219–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692170500031760
  • Devereux, S., Marshall, J., MacAskill, J. ve Pelham, L. (2005). Making Cash Count: Lessons from Cash Transfer Schemes in East and Southern Africa for Supporting the Most Vulnerable Children and Households. Save the Children (IDS).
  • Diamond, P. A. (1968). Negative Taxes and The Poverty Program. The National Tax Journal, 21(3), 289-291.
  • Dobranschi M., Nerudova D. ve Solilova V. (2017). Future EU Funding: A Case of Lump-Sum Tax. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 28(4), 376–385.
  • Ebdon, C. (2005). Tax Systems and Structures. D. Robbins (Ed.), Handbook of Public Sector Economics (s. 235-270) içinde Taylor and Francis Group,
  • Erdem, İ. (2003). Türkiye Selçuklu-İlhanlı İktisadi, Ticari İlişkileri ve Sonuçları, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(33), 49-67.
  • Faroqhi, S. N. ve Fleet, K. (Eds.). (2012). The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 2, The Ottoman Empire as a World Power, 1453–1603. Cambridge University Press.
  • Farrington, J., Harvey, P. ve Slater, R. (2005). Cash transfers in the Context of Pro-Poor Growth. Hot topic paper for OECD/DAC Povnet Risk and Vulnerability Task Group. London: ODI.
  • Farrington, J., Harvey, P. ve Slater, R. (2009). Lump Sum Cash Transfers in Developmental and Post-Emergency Contexts: How well have they performed?. London: Overseas Development Institute.
  • Gans, J., King, S., Stonecash, R. ve Mankiw, N. G. (2011). Principles of Economics. Cengage Learning.
  • Graaff, J. de V. (1987). Lump Sum Taxes. J. Eatwell et al (Ed.), The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, Vol. 3. London: Macmillan.
  • Harvey, P. (2007). Cash-based Responses in Emergencies. Humanitarian Policy Group. Overseas Development Institute.
  • Hicks, J. R. (1941). The Rehabilitation of Consumers’ Surplus. The Review of Economic Studies, 8(2), 108-116, https://doi.org/10.2307/2967467
  • Hillman, A. L. (2003). Public Finance and Public Policy: responsibilities and limitations of government. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hockley, G. C. (1992). Fiscal Policy. Routledge.
  • Holtman A. G. (1970). A Note On Lump-Sum Subsidies: How to Have Your Work And Utitlity Too. National Tax Journal, 23(4), 469-471. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/epdf/10.1086/NTJ41792230
  • İnalcık H. (1993). Osmanlılarda Cizye. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 8/45-48. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları.
  • Kaldor, N. (1939). Welfare Propositions of Economics and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility. The Economic Journal, Volume 49, Issue 195, (1 September 1939), 549–552, https://doi.org/10.2307/2224835
  • Karagöz, B. (2023). Kamu Ekonomisine Giriş. Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Lerner, Abba P. (1970). Optimal Taxes with an Untaxeble Sector. The American Economic Review, 60(3), 284-294.
  • Medeiros, M., Britto, T. ve Veras Soares, F. (2008). Targeted Cash Transfer Programmes in Brazil: BPC and the Bolsa Familia. Working Paper # 46. Brasilia: International Poverty Centre.
  • Mirrlees, J. A. (1971). An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation. The Review of Economic Studies, 38(2). 175-208.
  • Mortimer, T. (1764). A New History of England: from the Earliest Accounts of Britain, to the Ratification of the Peace of Versailles, (1763 Vol. 3). London: printed for J. Wilson and J. Fell, 1766.
  • Myles, G. D. ve Hindriks, J. (2004). Intermediate Public Economics. MIT press.
  • Nath, S. K. (1973). A Perspective of Welfare Economics. The Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • Nedkoff, B. C. (1944). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Cizye (Baş Vergisi). Belleten, Türk Tarih Kurumu. 8(32), 599-652.
  • Özyüksel, M. (1985). İmparatorluk ve Cumhuriyet Dönemlerinde Gelir, Gider, Servet Vergileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisat ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 51-68.
  • Pearce, E. (1993, Nisan 19). The Prophet of Private Profit. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1993/apr/19/thinktanks.uk adresinden 10 Eylül 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Rosen, H. S. ve Gayer, T. (2023). Kamu Maliyesi. (M. Sakal ve M. Karadeniz, Çev.). Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Roth, P. (2016). Die Steuergeschichte des Römischen Reiches. Diplomica Verlag GmbH.
  • Rothbard, M. N. (1995). Making Economic Sense. Ludwig von Mises Institute.
  • Samuelson, P. A. (1947). Foundations of Economic Analysis. Harvard University Press.
  • Sandmo, A. (1976). Optimal Taxation. Journal of Public Economics, 6, 37-54.
  • Sansonetti, P., Hostettler, D. ve Fünfschilling, A. (2011). Lump-sum or Forfait Taxation: A Reform Driven by Pragmatism. Schellenberg Wittmer, Attorneys at Law. https://www.swlegal.com/media/filer_public/2f/65/2f6539c9-6594-48f6-bbd4-829b7926ad0f/nl_sw_1110e.pdf adresinden 11 Ekim 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Savaşan, F. (2017). Piyasa Başarısızlığından Devletin Başarısızlığına Kamu Ekonomisi (7. Baskı). Dora Yayınları.
  • Schottenhammer, A. (2002). Das songzeitliche Quanzhou im Spannungsfeld zwischen Zentralregierung und maritimem Handel: Unerwartete Konsequenzen des zentralstaatlichen Zugriffs auf den Reichtum einer Küstenregion (Vol. 80). Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Shaw, S. J. (1975). The Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 6(4), 421-459. https://www.jstor.org/stable/162752
  • Smith, A. (1776). Wealth of Nations. University of Chicago Bookstore (2005).
  • Tam, H. (2004). The Humean Critique Of Lump Sum Taxation (Or The Implausibility Of Pure Lump Sum Taxes In Autocracy). Public Choice, 118(1/2), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PUCH.0000013800.88314.34
  • Yurt Dışına Çıkış Hakkında Kanun İle Çeşitli Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun, Kanun No: 5597, RG. 23.3.2007, 26471.

Lump-sum taxation and lump-sum subsidy in public economics: A theoretical evaluation

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 142 - 153, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.47934/tife.13.02.03

Öz

The application of lump-sum taxes and lump-sum subsidies is a subject of the second fundamental theorem of welfare economics. Welfare economics scientifically argues that the implementation of lump-sum taxes and lump-sum subsidies can provide equity without distorting efficiency. Lump-sum taxes and subsidies do not create substitution effect. However, particularly in the context of taxation, a differentiated lump-sum tax system can provide income distribution function without distorting efficiency. In this context, public finance is in search of a differentiated lump-sum tax system among taxpayers. If a lump-sum tax can be differentiated among taxpayers, it can be incorporated into the tax system and become operational. In the application of lump-sum subsidies, it is anticipated that poverty programs to be applied to lower-income groups will create correct price signals that do not distort efficiency of resource allocation in a freely operating market. The aim of this study is to examine the concepts of lump-sum taxes and lump-sum subsidies from the perspective of public economics; to investigate practical examples, and to identify what efforts are being made for the use of lump-sum taxes and lump-sum subsidies in contemporary fiscal systems, as well as what is required for their widespread adoption globally.

Kaynakça

  • Bakırcı, F. (2001). Bütçe Politikalarının Mikroekonomik Etkileri. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 43-59.
  • Belin, F. A. (1865). Essais Sur L'histoire Économique de la Turquie d'après Les Écrivains Originaux. Imprimerie Impériale.
  • Black, J., Hashimzade, N. ve Myles G. (2009). A Dictionary of Economics. Oxford University Press.
  • CEDEPLAR (2006). Projecto De Avaliacao Do Impacto Do Programa Bolsa Familia- Relatorio Analitico Final: Mimeo.
  • Charles, II. (1660). An Act for the speedy provision of money for disbanding and paying off the forces of this Kingdome both by Land and Sea.," in Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1625-80, ed. John Raithby (s.l: Great Britain Record Commission, 1819), 207-225. British History Online. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol5/pp207-225 adresinden 15 Haziran 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Chronic Poverty Centre (2007). Social Protection And Cash Transfers In Uganda: Frequently Asked Questions On Cash Transfers. Policy Brief No.3/2007.
  • Connoly S. ve Munro A. (1999). Economics of the Public Sector. Prentice Hall Europe.
  • Dalamagas, B. (2005). Income and substitution effects of fiscal policy on work effort. International Review of Applied Economics, 19(2), 219–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692170500031760
  • Devereux, S., Marshall, J., MacAskill, J. ve Pelham, L. (2005). Making Cash Count: Lessons from Cash Transfer Schemes in East and Southern Africa for Supporting the Most Vulnerable Children and Households. Save the Children (IDS).
  • Diamond, P. A. (1968). Negative Taxes and The Poverty Program. The National Tax Journal, 21(3), 289-291.
  • Dobranschi M., Nerudova D. ve Solilova V. (2017). Future EU Funding: A Case of Lump-Sum Tax. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 28(4), 376–385.
  • Ebdon, C. (2005). Tax Systems and Structures. D. Robbins (Ed.), Handbook of Public Sector Economics (s. 235-270) içinde Taylor and Francis Group,
  • Erdem, İ. (2003). Türkiye Selçuklu-İlhanlı İktisadi, Ticari İlişkileri ve Sonuçları, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(33), 49-67.
  • Faroqhi, S. N. ve Fleet, K. (Eds.). (2012). The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 2, The Ottoman Empire as a World Power, 1453–1603. Cambridge University Press.
  • Farrington, J., Harvey, P. ve Slater, R. (2005). Cash transfers in the Context of Pro-Poor Growth. Hot topic paper for OECD/DAC Povnet Risk and Vulnerability Task Group. London: ODI.
  • Farrington, J., Harvey, P. ve Slater, R. (2009). Lump Sum Cash Transfers in Developmental and Post-Emergency Contexts: How well have they performed?. London: Overseas Development Institute.
  • Gans, J., King, S., Stonecash, R. ve Mankiw, N. G. (2011). Principles of Economics. Cengage Learning.
  • Graaff, J. de V. (1987). Lump Sum Taxes. J. Eatwell et al (Ed.), The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, Vol. 3. London: Macmillan.
  • Harvey, P. (2007). Cash-based Responses in Emergencies. Humanitarian Policy Group. Overseas Development Institute.
  • Hicks, J. R. (1941). The Rehabilitation of Consumers’ Surplus. The Review of Economic Studies, 8(2), 108-116, https://doi.org/10.2307/2967467
  • Hillman, A. L. (2003). Public Finance and Public Policy: responsibilities and limitations of government. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hockley, G. C. (1992). Fiscal Policy. Routledge.
  • Holtman A. G. (1970). A Note On Lump-Sum Subsidies: How to Have Your Work And Utitlity Too. National Tax Journal, 23(4), 469-471. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/epdf/10.1086/NTJ41792230
  • İnalcık H. (1993). Osmanlılarda Cizye. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 8/45-48. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları.
  • Kaldor, N. (1939). Welfare Propositions of Economics and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility. The Economic Journal, Volume 49, Issue 195, (1 September 1939), 549–552, https://doi.org/10.2307/2224835
  • Karagöz, B. (2023). Kamu Ekonomisine Giriş. Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Lerner, Abba P. (1970). Optimal Taxes with an Untaxeble Sector. The American Economic Review, 60(3), 284-294.
  • Medeiros, M., Britto, T. ve Veras Soares, F. (2008). Targeted Cash Transfer Programmes in Brazil: BPC and the Bolsa Familia. Working Paper # 46. Brasilia: International Poverty Centre.
  • Mirrlees, J. A. (1971). An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation. The Review of Economic Studies, 38(2). 175-208.
  • Mortimer, T. (1764). A New History of England: from the Earliest Accounts of Britain, to the Ratification of the Peace of Versailles, (1763 Vol. 3). London: printed for J. Wilson and J. Fell, 1766.
  • Myles, G. D. ve Hindriks, J. (2004). Intermediate Public Economics. MIT press.
  • Nath, S. K. (1973). A Perspective of Welfare Economics. The Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • Nedkoff, B. C. (1944). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Cizye (Baş Vergisi). Belleten, Türk Tarih Kurumu. 8(32), 599-652.
  • Özyüksel, M. (1985). İmparatorluk ve Cumhuriyet Dönemlerinde Gelir, Gider, Servet Vergileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisat ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 51-68.
  • Pearce, E. (1993, Nisan 19). The Prophet of Private Profit. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1993/apr/19/thinktanks.uk adresinden 10 Eylül 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Rosen, H. S. ve Gayer, T. (2023). Kamu Maliyesi. (M. Sakal ve M. Karadeniz, Çev.). Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Roth, P. (2016). Die Steuergeschichte des Römischen Reiches. Diplomica Verlag GmbH.
  • Rothbard, M. N. (1995). Making Economic Sense. Ludwig von Mises Institute.
  • Samuelson, P. A. (1947). Foundations of Economic Analysis. Harvard University Press.
  • Sandmo, A. (1976). Optimal Taxation. Journal of Public Economics, 6, 37-54.
  • Sansonetti, P., Hostettler, D. ve Fünfschilling, A. (2011). Lump-sum or Forfait Taxation: A Reform Driven by Pragmatism. Schellenberg Wittmer, Attorneys at Law. https://www.swlegal.com/media/filer_public/2f/65/2f6539c9-6594-48f6-bbd4-829b7926ad0f/nl_sw_1110e.pdf adresinden 11 Ekim 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Savaşan, F. (2017). Piyasa Başarısızlığından Devletin Başarısızlığına Kamu Ekonomisi (7. Baskı). Dora Yayınları.
  • Schottenhammer, A. (2002). Das songzeitliche Quanzhou im Spannungsfeld zwischen Zentralregierung und maritimem Handel: Unerwartete Konsequenzen des zentralstaatlichen Zugriffs auf den Reichtum einer Küstenregion (Vol. 80). Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Shaw, S. J. (1975). The Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 6(4), 421-459. https://www.jstor.org/stable/162752
  • Smith, A. (1776). Wealth of Nations. University of Chicago Bookstore (2005).
  • Tam, H. (2004). The Humean Critique Of Lump Sum Taxation (Or The Implausibility Of Pure Lump Sum Taxes In Autocracy). Public Choice, 118(1/2), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PUCH.0000013800.88314.34
  • Yurt Dışına Çıkış Hakkında Kanun İle Çeşitli Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun, Kanun No: 5597, RG. 23.3.2007, 26471.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kamu Maliyesi, Maliye Kuramı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Özlem Bapbacı 0000-0001-9370-1583

Berkan Karagöz 0000-0002-7622-5113

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bapbacı, Ö., & Karagöz, B. (2024). Kamu ekonomisinde götürü vergileme ve götürü sübvansiyon: Teorik bir değerlendirme. Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-Dergi, 13(2), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.47934/tife.13.02.03

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