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BİR DENEYİMİ UNUTULMAZ KILAN UNSURLAR NEDİR? UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 661 - 682, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.532082

Öz

Günümüzün küresel
pazarında rekabet gün geçtikçe artmakta, rekabet avantajı elde etmek
zorlaşmaktadır. Hızlı değişim ve yeniliklerin yaşandığı günümüzde işletmeler bu
gelişmelere ayak uydurmak durumundadır. Zira günümüz tüketicisi için nihai üründen ziyade, yaşanılan ürün ve
hizmet deneyimi satın alma karar sürecinde belirleyici hale gelmektedir. Bu
noktada taklit edilmesi, ikamesi zor olan ve tüketiciler tarafından arzu
edilen, onların beklentilerine cevap verebilen deneyimsel ortamların
yaratılması rekabet avantajı açısından oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Ancak dünyada
ve turist profilinde meydana gelen gelişmeler ve değişiklikler, turistlerin
beklentilerinin de farklılaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Turistlerin ihtiyaçlarının
giderilmesi dışında farklılık arayışı, kendini değerli hissetme, yenilenme,
yeni kültürler ve insanlar tanıma gibi benzersiz deneyimler yaşamaya yönelik
eğilimleri, bir deneyimi eşsiz ve unutulmaz kılan unsurlar üzerine
odaklanılmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Literatür incelendiğinde tüketici,
ziyaretçi, turist ve seyahat deneyimi üzerine çok sayıda çalışmanın yer aldığı
görülmekle birlikte, “Unutulmaz Turizm Deneyimi” kavramı bu alanda oldukça yeni
bir araştırma konusu olarak yer almaktadır.
Bu kavramla ilgili yabancı literatürdeki çalışmalar
incelendiğinde bir literatür birikiminin oluştuğunu belirtmek mümkün olmakta
ancak, yerli literatürde oldukça sınırlı sayıda çalışmanın yer aldığı
görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı,
uluslararası ve ulusal literatürün kapsamlı bir
değerlendirmesini yaparak mevcut akademik yazına katkıda bulunmak ve yeni bir
kavram olan unutulmaz turizm deneyimi olgusunu kapsam ve içerik açısından
değerlendirmektir. Bu anlamda söz konusu bulguların ve değerlendirmelerin turizm
işletmecilerine ve destinasyon yöneticilerine, turistlerin karar verme
süreçlerinde göz önünde bulundurdukları unsurların anlaşılması açısından yol
göstereceği öngörülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Adongo, C. A., Anuga, S. W. ve Dayour, F. (2015). Will they tell others to taste? International tourists' experience of Ghanaian cuisines. Tourism Management Perspectives, 15, 57-64. Doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2015.03.009
  • Akkuş, G. ve Güllüce, A. Ç. (2016). Effect of memorable tourism experiences to destination competitiveness: Winter tourist – oriented research. American International Journal of Social Science, 5(4), 65-84.
  • Akkuş, G. (2016). Destinasyon rekabetçiliği için deneyimsel turizm: Turist perspektifinden bir değerlendirme (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum.
  • Akkuş, G. (2017). Kış turizmi destinasyonunda yaşanan unutulmaz turizm deneyimleri: Kültürlerarası karşılaştırma. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 14(3), 223-236.
  • Ali, F., Hussain, K. ve Ragavan, N. A. (2014). Memorable customer experience: Examining the effects of customers experience on memories and loyalty in Malaysian resort hotels. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, 273-279. Doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.296
  • Ali, F., Ryu, K. ve Hussain, K. (2016). Influence of experiences on memories, satisfaction and behavioral intentions: A study of creative tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(1), 85-100. Doi: 10.1080/10548408.2015.1038418
  • Arslan Ayazlar, R. (2016). Hatırlanır Turizm Deneyimi (MTES) Ölçeği’nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması, Bahar, O. (Editör), 17. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi “Akademi Sektör Buluşması” içinde. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Ayazlar, G. ve Arslan Ayazlar, R. (2017). A cross-cultural investigation of tourists' memorable experiences between two nationalities. Almatourism-Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 8(15), 136-151. Doi: https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/6558
  • Azevedo, A. (2010). Designing unique and memorable experiences: Co-creation and the "surprise" factor. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Systems, 3(1). Braun-LaTour, K. A., Grinley, M. J. ve Loftus, E. F. (2006). Tourist memory distortion. Journal of Travel Research, 44(4), 360-367. Doi: 10.1177/0047287506286721
  • Campos, A. C., Mendes, J., Oom do Valle, P. ve Scott, N. (2017). Co-creating animal-based tourist experiences: Attention, involvement and memorability. Tourism Management, 63, 100-114. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.06.001
  • Ceylan, A. (2015). Engelli turistlerin unutulmaz turizm deneyimlerinde etkili olan unsurların belirlenmesine yönelik nitel bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya.
  • Chandralal, L. ve Valenzuela, F. R. (2013). Exploring memorable tourism experiences: Antecedents and behavioural outcomes. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 1(2), 177-181. Doi: 10.7763/JOEBM.2013.V1.38
  • Chandralal, L. ve Valenzuela, F. R. (2015). Memorable tourism experiences: Scale development. Contemporary Management Research, 11(3), 291-310. Doi:10.7903/cmr.13822
  • Clawson, M. ve Knetsch, J. L. (1966). Economics of Outdoor Recreation. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press.
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WHAT MAKES AN EXPERIENCE MEMORABLE? A CONCEPTUAL EVALUATION OF MEMORABLE TOURISM EXPERIENCE

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 661 - 682, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.532082

Öz

Competition in today's
global market is increasing day by day, competitive advantage is difficult to
achieve. In the world where rapid changes and innovations are experienced,
enterprises have to keep up with these developments. Because, the product and service
experience that is experienced rather than the final product for today's
consumer becomes decisive in the purchasing decision making process. At this
point, the creation of experiential environments that are difficult to imitate
and substitution, and which are desirable by consumers, capable of responding
to their expectations are of great importance in terms of competitive
advantage. However, occured developments and changes in the world and in the
tourist profile, it also causes changes in the expectations of tourists. Except
for satisfying the needs of tourists, the tendency to live memorable
experiences such as the search for difference, feeling valued, renewal, new
cultures and people recognition, it gives cause for a focus on the elements
that make an experience unique and memorable. When the literature is examined,
while it is seen that there are many studies on consumer, visitor, tourist and
travel experience, the concept of "Memorable Tourism Experience"
ranks as pretty new research topic in this field. When the studies in the
foreign literature related to this concept are examined, it is possible to
state that a literature accumulation is formed, but it is seen that there are
pretty limited number of studies in the domestic literature. Hence, the aim of
this study is to contribute to the current academic literature by making a
comprehensive evaluation of international and national literature and to
evaluate the phenomenon of memorable tourism experience that is a new concept
in terms of scope and content. In this sense, it is foreseen that mentioned
findings and evaluations will guide tourism operators and destination managers
in terms of understanding the factors that tourists consider in decision-making
processes.

Kaynakça

  • Adongo, C. A., Anuga, S. W. ve Dayour, F. (2015). Will they tell others to taste? International tourists' experience of Ghanaian cuisines. Tourism Management Perspectives, 15, 57-64. Doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2015.03.009
  • Akkuş, G. ve Güllüce, A. Ç. (2016). Effect of memorable tourism experiences to destination competitiveness: Winter tourist – oriented research. American International Journal of Social Science, 5(4), 65-84.
  • Akkuş, G. (2016). Destinasyon rekabetçiliği için deneyimsel turizm: Turist perspektifinden bir değerlendirme (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum.
  • Akkuş, G. (2017). Kış turizmi destinasyonunda yaşanan unutulmaz turizm deneyimleri: Kültürlerarası karşılaştırma. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 14(3), 223-236.
  • Ali, F., Hussain, K. ve Ragavan, N. A. (2014). Memorable customer experience: Examining the effects of customers experience on memories and loyalty in Malaysian resort hotels. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, 273-279. Doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.296
  • Ali, F., Ryu, K. ve Hussain, K. (2016). Influence of experiences on memories, satisfaction and behavioral intentions: A study of creative tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(1), 85-100. Doi: 10.1080/10548408.2015.1038418
  • Arslan Ayazlar, R. (2016). Hatırlanır Turizm Deneyimi (MTES) Ölçeği’nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması, Bahar, O. (Editör), 17. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi “Akademi Sektör Buluşması” içinde. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Ayazlar, G. ve Arslan Ayazlar, R. (2017). A cross-cultural investigation of tourists' memorable experiences between two nationalities. Almatourism-Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 8(15), 136-151. Doi: https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/6558
  • Azevedo, A. (2010). Designing unique and memorable experiences: Co-creation and the "surprise" factor. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Systems, 3(1). Braun-LaTour, K. A., Grinley, M. J. ve Loftus, E. F. (2006). Tourist memory distortion. Journal of Travel Research, 44(4), 360-367. Doi: 10.1177/0047287506286721
  • Campos, A. C., Mendes, J., Oom do Valle, P. ve Scott, N. (2017). Co-creating animal-based tourist experiences: Attention, involvement and memorability. Tourism Management, 63, 100-114. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.06.001
  • Ceylan, A. (2015). Engelli turistlerin unutulmaz turizm deneyimlerinde etkili olan unsurların belirlenmesine yönelik nitel bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya.
  • Chandralal, L. ve Valenzuela, F. R. (2013). Exploring memorable tourism experiences: Antecedents and behavioural outcomes. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 1(2), 177-181. Doi: 10.7763/JOEBM.2013.V1.38
  • Chandralal, L. ve Valenzuela, F. R. (2015). Memorable tourism experiences: Scale development. Contemporary Management Research, 11(3), 291-310. Doi:10.7903/cmr.13822
  • Clawson, M. ve Knetsch, J. L. (1966). Economics of Outdoor Recreation. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press.
  • Cohen, E. (1979). A phenomenology of tourist experiences. Sociology, 13(2), 179-201.
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  • Kim, J. H. ve Ritchie, J. R. B. (2014). Cross-cultural validation of a memorable tourism experience scale (MTES). Journal of Travel Research, 53(3), 323-335. Doi: 10.1177/0047287513496468
  • Kim, J. H. (2017). The impact of memorable tourism experiences on loyalty behaviors: The mediating effects of destination image and satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 00(0), 1-15. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875177213
  • Knobloch, U., Robertson, K. ve Aitken, R. (2017). Experience, emotion, and eudaimonia: A consideration of tourist experiences and well-being. Journal of Travel Research, 56(5), 651-662. Doi: 10.1177/0047287516650937
  • Kruger, M. ve Saayman, M. (2012). Creating a memorable spectator experience at the Two Oceans Marathon. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 17(1), 63-77. Doi: 10.1080/14775085.2012.662391
  • Larsen, S. ve Jenssen, D. (2004). The school trip: Travelling with, not to or from. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 4(1), 43-57. Doi: 10.1080/15022250410006273
  • Larsen, S. (2007). Aspects of a psychology of the tourist experience. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7(1), 7-18. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15022250701226014
  • Lee, Y. J. (2015). Creating memorable experiences in a reuse heritage site. Annals of Tourism Research, 55, 155–170. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.09.009
  • Loureiro, S. M. C. (2014). The role of the rural tourism experience economy in place attachment and behavioral intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, 1-9. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.02.010
  • Mahdzar, M., Shuib, A., Ramachandran, S. ve Afandi, S. H. M. (2015). The role of destination attributes and memorable tourism experience in understanding tourist revisit intentions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences (Tourism & Environment, Social and Management Sciences), 15, 32-39. Doi: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2015.15.s.205
  • Marschall, S. (2014). Tourism and remembrance: The journey into the self and its past. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 12(4), 335-348. Doi: 10.1080/14766825.2014.890208
  • Martin, D. (2010). Uncovering unconscious memories and myths for understanding international tourism behavior. Journal of Business Research, 63(4), 372-383. Doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.04.020
  • Mazursky, D. (1989). Past experience and future tourism decisions. Annals of Tourism Research, 16(3), 333-344.
  • Mgxekwa, B. B., Scholtz, M. ve Saayman, M. (2017). Creating a memorable experience for Nelson Mandela heritage site visitors. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(1), 1-16.
  • Morgan, M. ve Xu, F. (2009). Student travel experiences: Memories and dreams. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 18(2-3), 216-236. Doi: 10.1080/19368620802591967
  • Otoo, F. E. ve Amuquandoh, F. E. (2014). An investigation into the experiences of international volunteer tourists in Ghana. Anatolia – An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 25(3), 431-443. Doi: 10.1080/13032917.2014.903377
  • Otto, J. E. ve Ritchie, J. B. B. (1996). The service experience in tourism. Tourism Management, 17(3), 165-174.
  • Pine, J. ve Gilmore, J. H. (2012). Deneyim ekonomisi, Cinemre, L. (Çeviren). İstanbul: Optimist Yayınları.
  • Pizam, A. (2010). Creating memorable experiences. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(3), 343. Doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.04.003
  • Poulsson, S. H. G. ve Kale, S. H. (20049. The experience economy and commercial experiences. The Marketing Review, 4(3), 267-277. Doi: 10.1362/1469347042223445
  • Quadri-Felitti, D. L. ve Fiore, A. M. (2013). Destination loyalty: Effects of wine tourists’ experiences, memories, and satisfaction on intentions. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(1), 47-62. Doi: 10.1177/1467358413510017
  • Quan, S. ve Wang, N. (2004). Towards a structural model of the tourist experience: An illustration from food experiences in tourism. Tourism Management, 25(3), 297-305. Doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00130-4
  • Ritchie, J. R. B. ve Ritchie, R. J. R. (1998). The branding of tourism destinations: Past achievements & future challenges, Keller, P. (Editör), Proceedings of the 1998 Annual Congress of the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism içinde. Marrakech, Morocco.
  • Saayman, M. ve Van Der Merwe, A. (2015). Factors determining visitors' memorable wine-tasting experience at wineries. Anatolia, 26(3), 372-383. Doi: 10.1080/13032917.2014.968793
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  • Servidio, R. ve Ruffolo, I. (2016). Exploring the relationship between emotions and memorable tourism experiences through narratives. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, 151-160. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.07.010
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  • Sthapit, E. (2013). Tourist’s perceptions of memorable experiences: Testing the memorable tourism experience scale (MTEs) among tourists to Rovaniemi, Lapland, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Lapland Üniversitesi, Finland.
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  • Tung, V. W. S. ve Ritchie, J. R. B. (2011). Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1367-1386. Doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.009
  • Uriely, N. (2005). The tourist experience: Conceptual developments. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 199-216. Doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.07.008
  • Van Der Merwe, P. ve Saayman, M. (2014). Factors influencing a memorable game viewing experience. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 3(2), 1-16.
  • Varnalı, K. (2017). Müşteri deneyimi: Tasarım, yönetim, dönüşüm. İstanbul: Mediacat Yayıncılık.
  • Wang, C. (2016). University students' travel motivation, memorable tourism experience and destination loyalty for spring break vacation, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Auburn Üniversitesi, United States.
  • Wirtz, D., Kruger, J., Scollon, C. N. ve Diener, E. (2003). What do on spring break? The role of predicted, on-line and remembered experience in future choice. Psychological Science, 14(5), 520-524.
  • Yadav, J. K. ve Krishnan, O. (2017). Memorable tourism experiences: Vivid memories and feelings of nostalgia for houseboat tourism. Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode, Working Paper, March 2017, 1-18.
  • Zhang, H., Wu, Y. ve Buhalis, D. (2017). A model of perceived image, memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 00(0), 1-11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.06.004.
  • Zhong, Y. Y. S., Busser, J. ve Baloğlu, S. (2017). A model of memorable tourism experience: The effects on satisfaction, affective commitment, and storytelling. Tourism Analysis, 22(2), 201-217. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354217X14888192562366
Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Seda Demir 0000-0001-9395-8020

Elif Ülker Demirel 0000-0002-5805-0452

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Demir, S., & Ülker Demirel, E. (2019). BİR DENEYİMİ UNUTULMAZ KILAN UNSURLAR NEDİR? UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(2), 661-682. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.532082
AMA Demir S, Ülker Demirel E. BİR DENEYİMİ UNUTULMAZ KILAN UNSURLAR NEDİR? UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. Aralık 2019;21(2):661-682. doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.532082
Chicago Demir, Seda, ve Elif Ülker Demirel. “BİR DENEYİMİ UNUTULMAZ KILAN UNSURLAR NEDİR? UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21, sy. 2 (Aralık 2019): 661-82. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.532082.
EndNote Demir S, Ülker Demirel E (01 Aralık 2019) BİR DENEYİMİ UNUTULMAZ KILAN UNSURLAR NEDİR? UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21 2 661–682.
IEEE S. Demir ve E. Ülker Demirel, “BİR DENEYİMİ UNUTULMAZ KILAN UNSURLAR NEDİR? UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”, Trakya University Journal of Social Science, c. 21, sy. 2, ss. 661–682, 2019, doi: 10.26468/trakyasobed.532082.
ISNAD Demir, Seda - Ülker Demirel, Elif. “BİR DENEYİMİ UNUTULMAZ KILAN UNSURLAR NEDİR? UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21/2 (Aralık 2019), 661-682. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.532082.
JAMA Demir S, Ülker Demirel E. BİR DENEYİMİ UNUTULMAZ KILAN UNSURLAR NEDİR? UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. 2019;21:661–682.
MLA Demir, Seda ve Elif Ülker Demirel. “BİR DENEYİMİ UNUTULMAZ KILAN UNSURLAR NEDİR? UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 661-82, doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.532082.
Vancouver Demir S, Ülker Demirel E. BİR DENEYİMİ UNUTULMAZ KILAN UNSURLAR NEDİR? UNUTULMAZ TURİZM DENEYİMİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. 2019;21(2):661-82.
Resim

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