Araştırma Makalesi
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The Impact of ISA 220 on Narrowing the Expectation Gap in Audit: A Study on Auditors in Iraq

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1, 60 - 72, 01.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.16951/trendbusecon.1621098

Öz

The International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 220 is one of the tools to mitigate the expectation gap in auditing. This standard outlines the auditor's responsibilities and explains the importance and necessity of complying with quality control procedures during the audit process. It can be stated that auditors conducting their audits in accordance with this standard will meet stakeholder expectations, maintain the expectation gap at a reasonable level, and demonstrate a quality audit approach. This study aims to evaluate the role of compliance with International Auditing Standard 220 from the perspective of auditors operating in Iraq in reducing the expectation gap in auditing. To this end, data were collected from certified public accountants and auditors in Iraq through a three-part questionnaire. Of the 433 questionnaires distributed, 224 valid responses were received. The analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between compliance with this standard and the reduction of the expectation gap. This result shows that compliance with ISA 220 has a significant impact on reducing the expectation gap in auditing and improving the audit process.

Etik Beyan

This study has been prepared in accordance with the rules of scientific research and publication ethics. Ethics Committee approval of the research was received by the decision of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee dated 16.04.2024 and numbered 07-34.

Kaynakça

  • Aithal, A., & Aithal, P. S. (2020). Development and validation of survey questionnaire & experimental data–a systematical review-based statistical approach. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS), 5(2), 233-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3724105
  • Abdel-lawi, M. (2014). Mechanisms and methods for narrowing the expectations gap between users of financial statements and auditors’ reports (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertations). University of Algiers, Algeria.
  • Ahmed, D. M., & Xdr, M. K. (2023). The effect of using the International Standard Auditing (220) related to quality control in reducing the phenomenon of opinion shopping among external auditors An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of external auditors in the Kurdistan Region of Tikrit. Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, 19(62,1), 35–57. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.19.62.1.3
  • Al-Ali, T. A. (2017). The impact of external auditors’ reliance on internal auditing in narrowing the expectations gap: a field study. Damascus University Journal, for Economic and Legal Sciences, 33(1), 103-130. https://damascusuniversity.edu.sy/mag/law/FCKBIH/file/1-2017/aliE.pdf
  • Al-Hawari, M. A. (2020). The impact of companies’ application of governance rules on the relationship between the quality of internal review and the expectations gap-a field study. Scientific Journal for Financial and Commercial Studies and Research, 1(2), 193-242. https://cfdj.journals.ekb.eg/article_109217_9d7194bd09ccb4555718d899a8657c1b.pdf
  • Al-Lahibi, I. K. O. H. (2013). A proposed model for activating the role of the organization for the auditing profession in achieving audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Financial Studies, Higher Institute for Accounting and Financial Studies, 8(23), 255-288. https://jpgiafs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/JAFS/article/view/635/408
  • Al-Sabaa, A. A. A. (2016). The impact of fraudulent practices in accounting on the expectations gap in auditing. Egyptian Journal of Business Studies, 40(2), 1-35. https://journals.ekb.eg/article_217595_a966b3132d2c168ff311fc3adb374cae.pdf
  • Al-shaqur, N. K., & Al-hajaya, I. S. (2022). The impact of the expectations gap in auditing on the extent of use of financial reports on the internet by institutional investors in Jordan. Mu’tah Research and Studies, Humanities and Social Sciences Series, 37 (6), 107-138. https://ejournal.mutah.edu.jo/index.php/hsss/article/viewFile/1668/565
  • Al-Tamimi, H. (2006). An Introduction to Auditing from a theoretical and practical viewpoint (Edition 3), Wael Publishing House, Amman: Jordan.
  • Fraser, I., & Pong, C. (2009). The future of the external audit function. Managerial Auditing Journal, 24(2), 104-113.
  • Haiba, S., Abdelkader, A., & Al-Eid, A. (2017). The impact of applying international auditing standards in improving the quality of external auditing. Journal of Administrative and Financial Sciences, 1(1), 424-436. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/69371
  • Hama Amin, O. A., & Mohammed, G. A. (2021). The impact of analytical procedures on reducing the expectations gap in the audit environment: an exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of academics and external auditors in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq. The Scientific Journal of Cihan University– Sulaimaniya, 4(2), 195-215. https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.9
  • Haapamäki, E., & Sihvonen, J. (2019). Research on international standards on auditing: literature synthesis and opportunities for future research. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 35, 37-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2019.05.007
  • Khalil, H. M. (2009). The extent of the impact of implementing corporate governance on the expectations gap in the auditing profession in Palestine: An analytical study of the opinions of external auditors and investors (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Islamic University, Gaza.
  • Mazoun, M. A. (2011). Accounting auditing from the perspective of international standards and the extent to which they can be applied in Algeria (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). University of Algiers, Algeria.
  • Omar, N. A., & Ahmed, D. M. (2023). The Effect of Using the International Auditing Standard 220/ (Quality Control of Auditing the Financial Statements) in Reducing the Expectations Gap. : An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of External Auditors in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Mitanni Journal of Humanitarian Sciences, 4(2), 159–165. https://journals.epu.edu.iq/index.php/Mitanni/article/view/1331/580
  • Porter, B. (1993). An empirical study of the audit expectation-performance gap. Accounting And Business Research, 24(93), 49-68.
  • Rahi, A. (2016). Iraqi laws, regulations and behavioral rules consistent with International Auditing Standard No. 220. Journal of Management and Economics, 5(17), 262-284. https://www.iraqoaj.net/iasj/download/195fc6ffa4f9324a
  • Republic of Iraq, Accounting and Auditing Profession Council. (2024) Bulletin of certified accountants for the year. Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Shaheen, A. H. A., & Zaid, H. Z. N. (2021). The extent to which auditors adhere to professional ethics in narrowing the gap of expectations in the audit environment. Scientific Journal of Financial and Administrative Studies and Research, 11 (2), 1-15. https://masf.journals.ekb.eg/article_223246_9bbf16c4250462d5f84304f85660e496.pdf
  • Yıldız, E., Cengiz, S., & Bulut, E. (2017). Independent auditing expectation gap: a research on Turkey. Journal of Accounting and Taxation Studies, 10(3), 331-365. https://doi.org/10.29067/muvu.333073
  • Zein, A. A. M., & Diab, M. A. A. & Abdel Ghaffar, A. M. A. (2018). Judicial review and its role in reducing the expectations gap: a field study in the Egyptian business environment. Scientific Journal for Research and Commercial Studies,‎ 32(2), 333-394. https://sjrbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_149495_2317a65dfc83e5b59cba40dfc8f36e64.pdf

Denetimde Beklenti Boşluğunun Daraltılmasında UDS 220'nin Etkisi: Irak’taki Denetçiler Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1, 60 - 72, 01.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.16951/trendbusecon.1621098

Öz

Uluslararası Denetim Standardı (UDS) 220, denetimdeki beklenti boşluğunu azaltmaya yönelik araçlardan biridir. Bu standartta denetçinin sorumluluklarını ana hatlarıyla ele alınmış ve denetim sürecinde kalite kontrol prosedürlerine uymanın önemi ve gerekliliği açıklanmıştır. Denetimlerini bu standarda göre yürüten denetçilerin, paydaş beklentilerini karşılayacağı, beklenti boşluğunu makul bir düzeyde tutacağı ve kaliteli bir denetim yaklaşımı gösterecekleri ifade edilebilir. Bu çalışmada, Irak'ta faaliyette bulunan denetçilerin bakış açısından Uluslararası Denetim Standardına 220'ye uyumun, denetimdeki beklenti boşluğunun azaltmadaki rolünün değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Irak'taki yeminli mali müşavirlerden ve denetçilerden üç bölümden oluşan bir anketle veri sağlanmıştır. Dağıtılan 433 anketten 224 geçerli geri dönüş alınmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda bu standarda uyum ile beklenti boşluğunun azaltılması arasında anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç UDS 220'ye uyumun denetimde beklenti boşluğunun azaltılmasında ve denetim sürecinin iyileştirilmesinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın Etik Kurul onayı Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurul Kurulu 16.04.2024 tarihli ve 07-34 sayılı kararıyla alınmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Aithal, A., & Aithal, P. S. (2020). Development and validation of survey questionnaire & experimental data–a systematical review-based statistical approach. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS), 5(2), 233-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3724105
  • Abdel-lawi, M. (2014). Mechanisms and methods for narrowing the expectations gap between users of financial statements and auditors’ reports (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertations). University of Algiers, Algeria.
  • Ahmed, D. M., & Xdr, M. K. (2023). The effect of using the International Standard Auditing (220) related to quality control in reducing the phenomenon of opinion shopping among external auditors An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of external auditors in the Kurdistan Region of Tikrit. Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, 19(62,1), 35–57. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.19.62.1.3
  • Al-Ali, T. A. (2017). The impact of external auditors’ reliance on internal auditing in narrowing the expectations gap: a field study. Damascus University Journal, for Economic and Legal Sciences, 33(1), 103-130. https://damascusuniversity.edu.sy/mag/law/FCKBIH/file/1-2017/aliE.pdf
  • Al-Hawari, M. A. (2020). The impact of companies’ application of governance rules on the relationship between the quality of internal review and the expectations gap-a field study. Scientific Journal for Financial and Commercial Studies and Research, 1(2), 193-242. https://cfdj.journals.ekb.eg/article_109217_9d7194bd09ccb4555718d899a8657c1b.pdf
  • Al-Lahibi, I. K. O. H. (2013). A proposed model for activating the role of the organization for the auditing profession in achieving audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Financial Studies, Higher Institute for Accounting and Financial Studies, 8(23), 255-288. https://jpgiafs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/JAFS/article/view/635/408
  • Al-Sabaa, A. A. A. (2016). The impact of fraudulent practices in accounting on the expectations gap in auditing. Egyptian Journal of Business Studies, 40(2), 1-35. https://journals.ekb.eg/article_217595_a966b3132d2c168ff311fc3adb374cae.pdf
  • Al-shaqur, N. K., & Al-hajaya, I. S. (2022). The impact of the expectations gap in auditing on the extent of use of financial reports on the internet by institutional investors in Jordan. Mu’tah Research and Studies, Humanities and Social Sciences Series, 37 (6), 107-138. https://ejournal.mutah.edu.jo/index.php/hsss/article/viewFile/1668/565
  • Al-Tamimi, H. (2006). An Introduction to Auditing from a theoretical and practical viewpoint (Edition 3), Wael Publishing House, Amman: Jordan.
  • Fraser, I., & Pong, C. (2009). The future of the external audit function. Managerial Auditing Journal, 24(2), 104-113.
  • Haiba, S., Abdelkader, A., & Al-Eid, A. (2017). The impact of applying international auditing standards in improving the quality of external auditing. Journal of Administrative and Financial Sciences, 1(1), 424-436. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/69371
  • Hama Amin, O. A., & Mohammed, G. A. (2021). The impact of analytical procedures on reducing the expectations gap in the audit environment: an exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of academics and external auditors in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq. The Scientific Journal of Cihan University– Sulaimaniya, 4(2), 195-215. https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.9
  • Haapamäki, E., & Sihvonen, J. (2019). Research on international standards on auditing: literature synthesis and opportunities for future research. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 35, 37-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2019.05.007
  • Khalil, H. M. (2009). The extent of the impact of implementing corporate governance on the expectations gap in the auditing profession in Palestine: An analytical study of the opinions of external auditors and investors (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Islamic University, Gaza.
  • Mazoun, M. A. (2011). Accounting auditing from the perspective of international standards and the extent to which they can be applied in Algeria (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). University of Algiers, Algeria.
  • Omar, N. A., & Ahmed, D. M. (2023). The Effect of Using the International Auditing Standard 220/ (Quality Control of Auditing the Financial Statements) in Reducing the Expectations Gap. : An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of External Auditors in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Mitanni Journal of Humanitarian Sciences, 4(2), 159–165. https://journals.epu.edu.iq/index.php/Mitanni/article/view/1331/580
  • Porter, B. (1993). An empirical study of the audit expectation-performance gap. Accounting And Business Research, 24(93), 49-68.
  • Rahi, A. (2016). Iraqi laws, regulations and behavioral rules consistent with International Auditing Standard No. 220. Journal of Management and Economics, 5(17), 262-284. https://www.iraqoaj.net/iasj/download/195fc6ffa4f9324a
  • Republic of Iraq, Accounting and Auditing Profession Council. (2024) Bulletin of certified accountants for the year. Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Shaheen, A. H. A., & Zaid, H. Z. N. (2021). The extent to which auditors adhere to professional ethics in narrowing the gap of expectations in the audit environment. Scientific Journal of Financial and Administrative Studies and Research, 11 (2), 1-15. https://masf.journals.ekb.eg/article_223246_9bbf16c4250462d5f84304f85660e496.pdf
  • Yıldız, E., Cengiz, S., & Bulut, E. (2017). Independent auditing expectation gap: a research on Turkey. Journal of Accounting and Taxation Studies, 10(3), 331-365. https://doi.org/10.29067/muvu.333073
  • Zein, A. A. M., & Diab, M. A. A. & Abdel Ghaffar, A. M. A. (2018). Judicial review and its role in reducing the expectations gap: a field study in the Egyptian business environment. Scientific Journal for Research and Commercial Studies,‎ 32(2), 333-394. https://sjrbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_149495_2317a65dfc83e5b59cba40dfc8f36e64.pdf
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Denetim ve Mali Sorumluluk
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ahmed Imad Hassan Al- Dalo 0009-0002-1756-0613

İbrahim Çidem 0000-0001-8017-2870

Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 24 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Al- Dalo, A. I. H., & Çidem, İ. (2026). The Impact of ISA 220 on Narrowing the Expectation Gap in Audit: A Study on Auditors in Iraq. Trends in Business and Economics, 40(1), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.16951/trendbusecon.1621098

Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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