The Effects of Pesticide on the Quality of Fresh and Processed Fishery Products and Human Health

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 84 - 94, 01.12.2021

Berna Kılınç , Fevziye Nihan Bulat

https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.938320

Abstract

Pesticides are known to be chemical drugs developed against pests in agriculture and their over use in agricultural products negatively affects human health. For this reason, it is very important to pay attention to the use of pesticides especially in agricultural products, in terms of preventing the harm they will cause to the environment and human health. In recent years, the findings revealed in the studies on the detection of pesticides in food as well as the contamination of various water sources, aquatic products and the environment clearly reveal the importance of the subject. Pesticides used in the cultivation of agricultural products are also transmitted to irrigation and rainwater and to various water sources and to aquaculture species caught and cultivated. Therefore, it is also known that fish products containing pesticides can be caused various diseases as a result of consumption by humans. As a result, limiting the use of pesticides in agricultural products, carried out the required checks regarding the use of pesticides, the use of chemical pesticides that do not harm human health the use of natural products instead of ensuring to take the necessary measures in order to prevent pesticide contamination of water and aquatic organisms, the development of new methods to prevent pesticide contamination to waters and aquaculture, and continuity of inquiry to determine the presence of pesticide pollution in waters and aquaculture should be ensured.

Keywords

Pestcide, aquatic organisms, seafoods, human health

Pestisitin Taze ve İşlenmiş Su Ürünlerinin Kalitesine ve İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri

Abstract

Pestisitlerin tarımda zararlılara karşı geliştirilen kimyasal ilaçlar olduğu ve tarımsal ürünlerde aşırı kullanımının insan sağlığını olumsuz etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle pestisitlerin özellikle tarımsal ürünlerde kullanımına dikkat edilmesi, çevreye ve insan sağlığına vereceği zararların önlenmesi açısından son derece önemlidir. Son yıllarda pestisitlerin gıdalarda saptanması yanısıra çeşitli su kaynaklarına, su ürünlerine ve çevreye bulaştığına yönelik yapılan çalışmalarda ortaya konulan bulgular konunun önemini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Tarımsal ürünlerin yetiştirirciliğinde kullanılan pestisitlerin sulama ve yağmur suları aracılığı ile çeşitli su kaynaklarının yanısıra avlanan ve yetiştiriciliği yapılan su ürünleri türlerine de bulaştığı görülmektedir. Bu durum su ürünlerinin kalitesini olumsuz etkilemekte dolayısıyla da pestisit içeren su ürünlerinin insanlar tarafından tüketimi sonucunda insan sağlığı açısından da büyük risk oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç olarak; tarımsal ürünlerde pestisit kullanımının sınırlandırılmasının, pestisit kullanımı ile ilgili gereken kontrollerin yapılmasının, kimyasal pestisit kullanımı yerine insan sağlığına zarar vermeyen doğal ürünlerin kullanılmasının sağlanmasının, su ve su canlılarına pestisit bulaşmalarının önlenmesi amacıyla gereken tedbirlerin alınmasının gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca sulara ve su ürünlerine pestisit bulaşmasını engelleyici yeni metotlar geliştirilmesinin yanı sıra pestisit kirliliğine karşı sularda ve su ürünlerinin kalitesi açısından etlerinde varlığının saptanmasına yönelik incelemelerde sürekliliğin sağlanmasının da insan sağlığı açısından elzem olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Pestisit, sucul organizmalar, su ürünleri, insan sağlığı

References

• Yarsan, E., (2016). Gıdalarda Pestisit Kalıntılarının Önemi ve Kontrolü. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal Veterinary Science Pharmacol Toxicol- Special Topics 2(2): 75-81. ISSN: 2149-8008 (online)
• Van de Merwe, J.P., Neale, P.A., Melvin, S.D., Leusch, F.D., (2018). In vitro bioassays reveal that additives are significant contributors to the toxicity of commercial household pesticides. Aquatic Toxicology 199: 263-268 Doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.033
• Koçyiğit, H., Sinanoğlu, F., (2019). Yüzeysel sularda pestisit kalıntısının araştırılması çalışma örneği; Alanya alara çayı. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Doğal Afetler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Doğal Afetler Çevre Dergisi 5(2): 224-236 Doi:10.21324/dacd.488278
• Parte, S.G., Mohekar, A.D., Kharat, A.S., (2017). Microbial degradation of pesticide: a review. African Journal of Microbiology Research 11: 992-1012 Doi:10.5897/AJMR2016.8402.
• US EPA, (2000). Homeowner’s Guide to Protecting Frogs – lawn and Garden Care Division of Environmental Contaminants. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 23 Mart 2020. http://contaminants.fws.gov
• Tiryaki, O., Canhilal, R., Horuz, S., (2010a). Tarım İlaçları Kullanımı ve Riskleri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26(2): 154-169 ISSN: 1012-2354
• Güney, E. (1992). Çevre sorunları. Hatiboğlu Yayınları, Ankara.
• Tang, W., Wang, D., Wang, J., Wu, Z., Li, L., Huang, M., Xu, S., Yan, D., (2018). Pyrethroid pesticide residues in the global environment: An overview. Chemosphere 191: 990-1007 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.115
• Petersen, B.J., (2000). Pesticide residues in food: Problems and data needs. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 31(3): 297-299
• Rippy, M.A., Deletic, A., Black, J., Aryal, R., Lampard, J.L., Tang, J.Y.M., McCarthy, D., Kolotelo, P., Sidhu, J., Gernjak, W., (2017). Pesticide occurrence and spatio-temporal variability in urban run-off across Australia. Water Research 115: 245-255 Doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.010
• Wee, S.Y., Aris, A.Z., (2017). Ecological risk estimation of organophosphorus pesticides in riverine ecosystems. Chemosphere 188: 575-581 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.035
• Matsushita, T., Morimoto, A., Kuriyama, T., Matsumoto, E., Matsui, Y., Shirasaki, N., Kondo, T., Takanashi, H., Kameya, T., (2018). Removals of pesticides and pesticide transformation products during drinking water treatment processes and their impact on mutagen formation potential after chlorination. Water Research 138: 67-76 Doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.028
• Braun, G., Braun, M., Kruse, J., Amelung, W., Renaud, F.G., Khoi, C.M., Duong, M. V., Sebesvari, Z., (2019). Pesticides and antibiotics in permanent rice, alternating rice-shrimp and permanent shrimp systems of the coastal Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environment International 127: 442-451 Doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.038
• Uluocak, B.H., Egemen, Ö., (2005). İzmir ve Aliağa Körfezinde mevsimsel olarak avlanan bazı ekonomik balık türlerinde organik klorlu pestisit kalıntılarının araştırılması. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi 22(1-2): 149–160 ISSN 1300-1590
• Ağca, H. (2006). Determınatıon of Organochlorıne Pestıcıde Resıdues Iın Some Fısh Specıes Sold ın Konya (In Turkish), Master of Science Thesis, Selçuk University.
• Toni, C., Loro, V.L., de Menezes, C.C., Cattaneo, R., Clasen, B.E., Zanella, R., (2011). Exposure to tebuconazole in rice field and laboratory conditions induces oxidative stress in carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 153: 128-132 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.09.008
• Teng, M., Zhang, H., Fu, Q., Lu, X., Chen, J., Wei, F., (2013). Irrigation-induced pollution of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in paddy field ecosystem of Liaohe River Plain, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 58: 1751-1759 Doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-5815-1
• Zhang, H., Lu, X., Zhang, Y., Ma, X., Wang, S., Ni, Y., Chen, J., (2016). Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls by loaches living in rice paddy fields of Northeast China. Environmental Pollution 216: 893-901 Doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.064
• Perez-Parada, A., Goyenola, G., de Mello, F.T., Heinzen, H., (2018). Recent advances and open questions around pesticide dynamics and effects on freshwater fishes. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 4: 38-44 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2018.08.004
• Al-Ghanim, K.A., Mahboob, S., Vijayaraghavan, P., Al-Misned, F.A., Kim, Y.O., Kim, H.J., (2019). Sub-lethal effect of synthetic pyrethroid pesticide on metabolic enzymes and protein profile of non-target Zebra fish, Danio rerio. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 27(1): 441-447 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.005
• CSA (Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association), (1997). Educational and Informational Strategies to Reduce Pesticide Risks. Preventive Medicine 26(2): 191-200 doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1996.0122
• Kurutaş, E.B., Kılınç, M., (2003). Pestisitlerin biyolojik sistemler üzerine etkisi. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 12: 215-228
• Matthews, G. A. (2006). Pesticides: Health, Safety and the Environment. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, International Pesticides Application Research CentreImperial CollegeSilwood ParkAscot, Berkshire UK.
• EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), (2009). Types of Pesticides. Washington D.C., USA. (Online), 23 Mart 2020. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/about/types.htm
• Özlü, E. (2016). Biyosorbentler kullanılarak triazin grubu pestisitlerin sulu ortamdan gideriminin incelenmesi (In Turkish), Master of Science Thesis, Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University.
• Anonim 1, (2019). 26 Mart 2020. https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/62781/mod_resource/content/0/5-%2B.pdf
• FOOTPRINT, (2020). Pesticide Properties Database, 23 Mart 2020. sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/ato-z.htm
• Simeonov, L.I., Macaev, F.Z., Simeonova, B.G. (2013). Environmental Security Assessment and Management of Obsolete Pesticides in Southeast Europe. (L., Simeonov, F. Z., Macaev, B.G. Simeonova, eds), Springer Netherlands.
• Ribeiro, C.A.O., Vollaire, Y., Sanchez-Chardi, A., Roche, H., (2005). Bioaccumulation and the effects of organochlorine pesticides, PAH and heavy metals in the Eel (Anguilla anguilla) at the Camargue Nature Reserve, France. Aquatic Toxicology 74(1): 53-69 Doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.04.008
• Kaymak, S., Serim. A.T., (2015). Pestisit sektöründe araştırma ve geliştirme. Meyvecilik Araştırma İstasyonu Müdürlüğü Fruit Reseach Station 2(1): 27-34 ISSN: 2148-0036
• Tsaboula, A., Papadakis, E.N., Vryzas, Z., Kotopoulou, A., Kinyzikoglou, K., Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, E., (2019). Assessment and management of pesticide pollution at a river basin level part I: Aquatic ecotoxicological quality indices. Science of The Total Environment 653: 1597-1611 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.240
• Malarvannan, G., Kunisue, T., Isobe, T., Sudaryanto, A., Takahashi, S., Prudente, M., Subramanian, A., Tanabe, S., (2009). Organohalogen compounds in human breast milk from mothers living in Payatas and Malate, the Philippines: levels, accumulation kinetics and infant health risk. Environmental Pollution 15(6): 1924-1932 Doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.010
• Ebele, A. J., Abou-Elwafa Abdallah M., Harrad S., (2017). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment. Emerging Contaminants 3: 1–16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2016.12.004
• Tiryaki, O., Temur, C., (2010). The fate of pesticide in the environment. Journal of Biological& Environmental Sciences 4: 29-38 ISSN: 1308-2019 Ceylan, S., Şanlı, Y., Şener, S., (1977). Pestisitlerin getirdiği ekolojik sorunlar. Veteriner hekimler derneği dergisi 47(2): 41–52 ISSN 0377-6395, e-ISSN 2651-4214
• Marino, D., Ronco, A.E., (2005). Cypermethrin and chlorpiryfos concentration levels in surface water bodies of the Pampa Ondulada, Argentina. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 75(4): 820-826 Doi: 10.1007/s00128-005-0824-7
• Jergentz, S., Mugni, H., Bonetto, C., Schulz, R.i (2005). Assessment of insecticide contamination in runoff and stream water of small agricultural streams in the main soybean area of Argentina. Chemosphere 61(6): 817-826 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.036
• Ronco, A.E., Marino, D.J.G., Abelando, M., Almada, P., Apartin, C.D., (2016). Water quality of the main tributaries of the Paraná Basin: glyphosate and AMPA in surface water and bottom sediments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188: 458-470 Doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5467-0
• Atamanalp, M., Yanık, T., (2001). Pestisitlerin Cyprinidae’lere toksik etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 18(3-4): 555-563
• Tiryaki, O., (2016). Türkiye’de Yapılan Pestisit Kalıntı Analiz ve Çalışmaları. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 32(1), 72-82 ISSN 1012-2354
• Anderson, S.E., Meade, B.J., (2014). Potential health effects associated with dermal exposure to occupational chemicals. Environmental Health Insights 8:51-62 Doi: 10.4137/EHI.S15258
• Damalas, C.A., Eleftherohorinos, G.E., (2011). Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8(5): 1402-1419 Doi: 10.3390/ijerph8051402
• Ahmad, T., Rafatullah, M., Ghazali, A., Sulaiman, O., Hashim, R., Ahmad, A., (2010). Removal of Pesticides from Water and Wastewater by Different Adsorbents: A Review. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 28:231-217 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2010.525782
• Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, (2017). Potential health effects of pesticides, 23 Mart 2020. http://extension.psu.edu/pests/pesticide-education/applicators/fact-sheets/pesticide-safety/potential-health-effects-of-pesticides
• Rani, M., Shanker, U., Jassal, V., (2017). Recent strategies for removal and degradation of persistent & toxic organochlorine pesticides using nanoparticles: a review. Journal of Environmental Management 190: 208-222 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.068
• Li, Z., (2018). The use of a disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) metric to measure human health damage resulting from pesticide maximum legal exposures. Science of The Total Environment 639: 438-456 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.148
• Recio-Vega, R., Ocampo-Gomez, G., Borja-Aburto, V.H., Moran-Martinez, J., Cebrian-Garcia, M.E., (2008). Organophosphorus pesticide exposure decreases sperm quality: association between sperm parameters and urinary pesticide levels. Journal of Applied Toxicology 28(5): 674-680 Doi: 10.1002/jat.1321
• Weichenthal, S., Moase, C., Chan, P., (2010). A review of pesticide exposure and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 118(8): 1117-1125 Doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901731
• Kumar, V., Yadav, C.S., Singh, S. Goel, S., Ahmed, R.S., Gupta, S., Grover, R.K., Banerjee, B.D., (2010). CYP 1A1 polymorphism and organochlorine pesticides levels in the etiology of prostate cancer. Chemosphere 81(4): 464-468 Doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.067
• Mnif, W., Hassine, A. I., Bouaziz, A., Bartegi, A., Thomas, O., Roig, B., (2011). Effect of endocrine disruptor pesticides: a review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8(6): 2265-2303 Doi: 10.3390/ijerph8062265
• Alavanja, M.C., Bonner, M.R., (2012). Occupational pesticide exposures and cancer risk: a review. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews 15(4): 238-263 Doi: 10.1080/10937404.2012.632358
• Sharma, T., Jain, S., Verma, A., Sharma, N., Gupta, S., Arora, V.K., Banerjee, B.D., (2013). Gene environment interaction in urinary bladder cancer with special reference to organochlorine pesticide: a case control study. Cancer biomarkers: section A of Disease markers 13(4): 243-251 Doi: 10.3233/CBM-130346
• Zhang, J., Liu, X. F., Liu, Y., Xu, L.Z., Zhou, L.L., Tang, L.L., Zhuang, J., Li, T.T., Guo, W.Q., Hu, R., Qiu, D.S., Han, D.W., (2014). Environmental risk factors for women with polycystic ovary syndrome in China: a population-based case-control study. Journal of Biological Regulators & Homeostatic Agents 28(2): 203-211
• Amaral, A.F.S., (2014). Pesticides and Asthma:Challenges for Epidemiology. Front Public Health 2:6 Doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00006 James, K.A., Hall, D.A., (2015). Groundwater pesticide levels and the association with Parkinson disease. International Journal Toxicology 34(3): 266-273 Doi: 10.1177/1091581815583561
• Hansen, M.R., Jors, E., Lander, F., Condarco, G., Schlünssen, V., (2015). Is cumulated pyrethroid exposure associated with prediabetes? A cross-sectional study. Journal of Agromedicine 19(4): 417-426 Doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2014.945708
• Koutros, S., Silverman, D.T., Alavanja, M.C., Andreotti, G., Lerro, C.C., Heltshe, S., Lynch, C.F., Sandler, D.P., Blair, A., Beane Freeman, L.E., (2016). Occupational exposure to pesticides and bladder cancer risk. Internaional Journal of Epidemiology 45(3): 792-805 Doi: 10.1093/ije/dyv195
• Shah, H.K., Bhat, M.A., Sharma, T., Banerjee, B.D., Guleria, K., (2018). Delineating potential transcriptomic association with organochlorine pesticides in the etiology of epithelial ovarian cancer. The Open Biochemistry Journal 12:16-28 Doi: 0.2174/1874091X01812010016
• Ulusoy, Ş., Özden, Ö., (2015). Pesticide Risks of Seafood in Turkey. Journal of Food and Health Science 1(1): 19-32 Doi: 10.3153/JFHS15003
• Anonim 2, (2020). Türk gıda kodeksi pestisitlerin maksimum kalıntı limitleri yönetmeliği, 23 Mart 2020. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/11/20161125M1-1.htm.
• Nilsen, E., Smalling, K.L., Ahrenz, L., Gros, M., Miglioranza, K.S.B., Pico, Y., Schoenfuss, H.L., (2018). Critical review: Grand challenges in assessing the adverse effects of contaminants of emerging concern on aquatic food webs. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 38(1): 46–60 Doi: 10.1002/etc.4290
• Strachan, W.M.J., Glooschenko, W.A., Maguire, R.J., (1982). Analysis of Pesticides in Water. Volume I: Significance, Principles, Techniques, and Chemistry of Pesticides 23
• Tanabe, S., Nishimura, A., Hanaoka, S., Yanagi, T., Takeoka, H., Tatsukawa, R., (1991). Persistent Organochlorines in Coastal Fronts. Marina Pollution Bulletin 22(7):344-351 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(91)90070-9
• Liess, M., Ohe, P.C.V.D., (2005). Analyzing effects of pesticides on invertebrate communities in streams. Environmental Toxicology an Chemistry 24:954-965 Doi: 10.1897/03-652.1
• INTA, (2016). 23 Mart 2020, http://intainforma.inta.gov.ar/
• Kellar, C.R., Hassell, K.L., Long, S.M., Myers, J.H., Golding, L., Rose, G., Kumar, A., Hoffmann, A.A., Pettigrove, V., (2014). Ecological evidence links adverse biological effects to pesticide and metal contamination in an urban Australian watershed. Journal of Applied Ecology 51: 426-439 Doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12211
• Mahmood, I., Imadi, S.R., Shazadi, K., Gul, A., Hakeem, K.R., (2016). Effects of pesticides on environment. Plant Soil Microbes 13: 253-269 Doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-27455-3_13
• Feist, G.W., Webb, M.A., Gundersen, D.T., Foster, E.P., Schreck, C.B., Maule, A.G., Fitzpatrick, M.S., (2005). Evidence of detrimental effects of environmental contaminants on growth and reproductive physiology of white sturgeon in impounded areas of the Columbia River. Environnetal Health Perspectives 113:1675-1682 Doi: 10.1289/ehp.8072
• Johnson, K.G., Muller, J.K., Price, B., Ware, A., Sepulveda, M.S., Borgert, C.J., Gross, T.S., (2007). Influence of seasonality and exposure on the accumulation and reproductive effects of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and dieldrin in largemouth bass. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 26: 927-934 Doi: 10.1897/06-336R1.1
• Barni, M.F., Gonzalez, M., Miglioranza, K.S., (2014). Assessment of persistent organic pollutants accumulation and lipid peroxidation in two reproductive stages of wild silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 99:45-53 Doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.012
• Rossi, A.S., Fanton, N., Michlig, M.P., Repetti, M.R., Cazenave, J., (2020). Fish inhabiting rice fields: Bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and neurotoxic effects after pesticides application. Ecological Indicators 113 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106186
• Moreno, N., Sofia, S., Martinez, C., (2014). Genotoxic effects of the herbicide Roundup Transorb and its active ingredient glyphosate on the fish Prochilodus lineatus. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 37:448-545 Doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.12.012
• Sobjak, T., Romão, S., do Nascimento, C., dos Santos, A., Vogel, L., Guimarães, A., (2017). Assessment of the oxidative and neurotoxic effects of glyphosate pesticide on the larvae of Rhamdia quelen fish. Chemosphere 182:267-275 Doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.031
• Sathyamoorthi, A., Bhatt, P., Ravichandran, G., Kumaresan, V., Arasu, M.V., Al-Dhabi, N.A., Arockiaraj, J., (2017). Gene expression and in silico analysis of snakehead murrel interleukin 8 and antimicrobial activity of C-terminal derived peptide WS12. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 190:1-9 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.06.008
• Sathyamoorthi, A., Palanisamy, R., Arasu, M.V., Al-Dhabi, N.A., Pasupuleti, M., Arockiaraj, J., (2018). Fish heat shock cognate 70 derived AMPs CsHSC70 A1 and CsHSC70 A2. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics 24:143-155 Doi: 10.1007/s10989-017-9599-z
• Scholz, N.L., Fleishman, E., Brown, L., Werner, I., Johnson, M.L., Brooks, M.L., Mitchelmore, C.L., Schlenk, D., (2012). A perspective on modern pesticides, pelagic fish declines, and unknown ecological resilience in highly managed ecosystems. Bioscience 62: 428-434 Doi: 10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.13
• Gül, H. (2017). Türkiye'de kullanılan zirai ilaçların sağlığa etkileri (In Turkish), Master of Science Thesis, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University.
• Moon, H.B., Kim, H.S., Choi, M., Yu, J., Choi, H.G., (2009). Human health risk of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides resulting from seafood consumption in South Korea, 2005-2007. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47:1819-1825 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.028
• Wang, J.Y., Yu, X.W., Fang, L., (2014). Organochlorine Pesticide Content and Distribution in Coastal Seafoods in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, Province. Marine Pollution Bulletin 80(1-2):288-292 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.055
• Madej, K., Kalenik, T.K., Piekoszewski, W., (2018). Sample preparation and determination of pesticides in fat-containing foods. Food Chemistry 269:527-541 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.007
• Meftaul, I.M.D., Venkateswarlu, K., Dharmarajan, R., Annamalai, P., Megharaj, M., (2019). Pesticides in the urban environment: A potential threat that knocks at the door. Science of The Total Environment 711 Doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134612
• González-Rodríguez, R.M., Rial-Otero, R., Cancho-Grande, B., Gonzalez-Barreiro, C., Simal-Gándara, J., (2011). A review on the fate of pesticides during the processes within the food-production Chain. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 51(2):99-114 Doi: 10.1080/10408390903432625
• Moon, H., Kim, D.H., Oh, J.E., (2019). Dietary exposure to PCBs by seafood cooking method: A Korean Study. Chemosphere 215:775-782 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.04
• Rodrigues, E.T., Alpendurada, M.F., Ramos, F., Pardal, M.A., (2018). Environmental and human health risk indicators for agricultural pesticides in estuaries. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 150:224-231 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.047
• Rodriguez-Hernandez, A., Camacho, M., Henriquez-Hernandez, L.A., Boada, L.D., Valeron, P.F., Zaccaroni, A., Zumbado, M., Almeida-Gonzalez, M., Rial-Berrial, C., Luzardo, O.P., (2017). Comparative study of ıntake of toxic persistent pollutants through the consumption of fish and seafood from two models of production (wild-caught and farmed). Science of the Total Environment 575: 919-931 Doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.142
• Hong, J., Kim, H.Y., Kim, D.G., Seo, J., Kim, K.J., (2004). Rapid determination of chlorinated pesticides in fish by freezing-lipid filtration, solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1038(1–2):27-35 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.003
• Serrana-Lazaro, A., Verdin-Betancourt, F. A., Kumar Jayaraman, V., Lopez-Gonzalez, M. L., Hernandez-Gordillo, A., Sierra-Santoyo, A., & Bizarro, M. (2020). Efficient photocatalytic elimination of Temephos pesticide using ZnO nanoflowers. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 393. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112414.7
• Cha, K.M., Lee, E.S., Kim, I.W., Cho, H.K., Ryu, J.H., Kim, S.K., (2016). Canola oil is an excellent vehicle for eliminating pesticide residues in aqueous ginseng extract. Journal of Ginseng Research 40(3) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2015.09.007
• Nieto, L.M., Hodaifa, G., Casanova, M.S., (2009). Elimination of pesticide residues from virgin olive oil by ultraviolet light: Preliminary results. Journal of Hazardous Materials 168(1): 555-559 Doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.030
• Senthilnathan, J., Philip, L., (2012). Elimination of pesticides and their formulation products from drinking water using thin film continuous photoreactor under solar radiation. Solar Energy 86(9): 2735-2745 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.06.011
• Bu, Q., MacLeod, M., Wong, F., Toms, L.M.L., Mueller, J.F., Yu, G., (2015). Historical intake and elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides by the Australian population reconstructed from biomonitoring data. Environment International 74: 82-88 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.014
• He, Q., Huang, J., Yang, X., Yan, X., He, J., Li, S., Jinang, J., (2016). Effect of pesticide residues in grapes on alcoholic fermentation and elimination of chlorothalonil inhibition by chlorothalonil hydrolytic dehalogenase. Food Control 64:70-76 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.12.028
• Wang, J., Tao, J., Yang, C., Chu, M., Lam, H., (2017). A general framework incorporating knowledge, risk perception and practices to eliminate pesticide residues in food: A Structural Equation Modelling analysis based on survey data of 986 Chinese farmers. Food Control 80:143-150 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.003
• Abdelhameed, R.M., El-Zawahry, M., Emam, H.E., (2018). Efficient removal of organophosphorus pesticides from wastewater using polyethylenimine-modified fabrics. Polymer 155: 225-234 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.030
• Acosta-Sanchez, A., Soto-Garita, C., Masis-Mora, M., Cambronero-Heinrichs, J.C., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, C.E., (2020). Impaired pesticide removal and detoxification by biomixtures during the simulated pesticide application cycle of a tropical agricultural system. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 195 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110460
• Garrido, I., Flores, P., Hellin, P., Vela, N., Navarro, S., Fenoll, J., (2020). Solar reclamation of agro-wastewater polluted with eight pesticides by heterogeneous photocatalysis using a modular facility. A case study. Chemosphere 249 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126156
• Jin, L., Hao, Z., Zheng, Q., Chen, H., Zhu, L., Wang, C., Liu, X., Liu, C., (2020). A facile microfluidic paper-based analytical device for acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay utilizing organic solvent extraction in rapid detection of pesticide residues in food. Analytica Chimica Acta 1100: 215-224 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.067