Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Is there any relationship between serum leptin and tryptophan levels and depression and anxiety in obese patients?

Yıl 2022, , 74 - 81, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.55665/troiamedj.1118052

Öz

Objectives: Depression and anxiety are common conditions in obese patients. Leptin plays a role in obesity, the role of tryptophan in obesity has been investigated frequently in current studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether serum leptin and triptophan levels are related to depression and anxiety in obesity patients. Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study in which the data of 88 patients aged 18 years and over, BMI 25 kg/m2 and above, who applied to the Family Medicine outpatient clinic between 01.07.2019 and 31.12.2019, were examined. Sociodemographic data form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were completed by all patients included in the study. Results: There was no significant relationship between BMI and leptin, BMI and tryptophan levels. A positive correlation was found between tryptophan and weight, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Tryptophan was also significantly higher in smokers and those with a history of psychiatric treatment. Tryptophan levels in men were found to be significantly higher than in women. Serum tryptophan concentration of the patients was positively correlated with weight, waist circumference and SBP. Tryptophan level was found significantly higher in men than in women. Tryptophan was also significantly higher in smokers and those with a history of psychiatric treatment. There was no significant relationship between BDI, BAI and leptin and tryptophan levels. Conclusion: The significant relationships between serum tryptophan level and weight, waist circumference and SBP may be useful in the management, follow-up and treatment of obese patients.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Derneği TEvM. Türkiye Endokrinoloji Ve Metabolizma Derneği, Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu. 8. Baskı: Nisan 2019.
  • 2. Özdel O, Sözeri-Varma G, Fenkçi S, et al. Obez kadınlarda psikiyatrik tanı sıklığı. Klinik Psikiyatri 2011;14(4):210-7.
  • 3. Restivo MR, McKinnon MC, Frey BN, Hall GB, Taylor VH. Effect of obesity on cognition in adults with and without a mood disorder: study design and methods. BMJ Open 2016;6(2):e009347.
  • 4. Lawson EA, Miller KK, Blum JI, et al. Leptin levels are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in women across the weight spectrum, independent of body fat. Clinical Endocrinology 2012;76(4):520-5.
  • 5. Chaves Filho AJM, Lima CNC, Vasconcelos SMM, de Lucena DF, Maes M, Macedo D. IDO chronic immune activation and tryptophan metabolic pathway: A potential pathophysiological link between depression and obesity. Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2018;80:234-49.
  • 6. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1961;4:561-71.
  • 7. Hisli NJJP. Beck depresyon envanterinin universite ogrencileri icin gecerliligi, guvenilirligi. A reliability and validity study of beck depression inventory in a university student sample. J Psychol 1989;7:3-13.
  • 8. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1988;56(6):893-7.
  • 9. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen HJJCP. The beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J of Cognitive Psychotherapy 1998;12(2):163-72.
  • 10. Barchetta I, Ciccarelli G, Cimini F, et al. Association between systemic leptin and neurotensin concentration in adult individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 2018;41(10):1159-63.
  • 11. Margetic S, Gazzola C, Pegg GG, Hill RA. Leptin: a review of its peripheral actions and interactions. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2002;26(11):1407-33.
  • 12. Rosenbaum M, Nicolson M, Hirsch J, et al. Effects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptin. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1996;81(9):3424-7.
  • 13. Jaleel A, Jaleel F, Majeed R, Alam EJWASJ. Leptin and blood lipid levels in smokers and ex smokers. World Applied Sciences Journal 2007;2(4):348-52.
  • 14. Togo M, Hashimoto Y, Futamura A, et al. Relationship between the serum level of leptin and life-style habits in Japanese men. Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2000;54(4):169-73.
  • 15. Eliasson B, Smith UJEjoci. Leptin levels in smokers and long‐term users of nicotine gum. Europian Journal of Clinical Investigation 1999;29(2):145-52.
  • 16. Kianoush S, DeFilippis AP, Rodriguez CJ, et al. Race/ethnicity-specific associations between smoking, serum leptin, and abdominal fat: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. ethnicity & disease 2018;28(4):531-8.
  • 17. Monteleone P, DiLieto A, Castaldo E, Maj M. Leptin functioning in eating disorders. CNS Spectrums 2004;9(7):523-9.
  • 18. Becer E, Kızılkanat M, Tınazlı M, Serakıncı N. Association between leptin G-2548A gene polymorphism, plasma leptin levels and lipid profiles in Turkish Cypriot obese subjects. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 2016;41(1):1-7.
  • 19. Sinha MK, Caro JF. Clinical aspects of leptin. Vitamins & Hormones. 54: Elsevier 1998. p. 1-30.
  • 20. Aslan K, Serdar Z, Tokullugil H. Multifonksiyonel hormon: leptin. Uludağ Üniv. Tıp Fak. Derg 2004;30(2):113-8.
  • 21. Samad N. Serum levels of leptin, zinc and tryptophan with obesity: A case-control study. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017;30(5):1691-6.
  • 22. Sato T, Laviano A, Meguid M, Chen C, Rossi-Fanelli F, Hatakeyama K. Involvement of plasma leptin, insulin and free tryptophan in cytokine-induced anorexia. Clinical Nutrition 2003;22(2):139-46.
  • 23. Kauffman RP, Castracane VD, White DL, Baldock SD, Owens RJGe. Impact of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram on insulin sensitivity, leptin and basal cortisol secretion in depressed and non-depressed euglycemic women of reproductive age. Gynecological Endocrinology 2005;21(3):129-37.
  • 24. Lawson EA, Miller KK, Blum JI, et al. Leptin levels are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in women across the weight spectrum, independent of body fat. Clinical Endocrinology 2012;76(4):520-5.
  • 25. Lu XY. The leptin hypothesis of depression: a potential link between mood disorders and obesity? Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2007;7(6):648-52.
  • 26. Stieg MR, Sievers C, Farr O, Stalla GK, Mantzoros CS. Leptin: A hormone linking activation of neuroendocrine axes with neuropathology. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015;51:47-57.
  • 27. Badawy AA, Dougherty DM. Assessment of the human kynurenine pathway: comparisons and clinical implications of ethnic and gender differences in plasma tryptophan, kynurenine metabolites, and enzyme expressions at baseline and after acute tryptophan loading and depletion. International Journal of Tryptophan Research : IJTR 2016;9:31-49.
  • 28. Ohashi H, Lizuka H, Yoshihara S, et al. Determination of l-tryptophan and l-kynurenine in human serum by using LC-MS after derivatization with (R)-DBD-PyNCS. International Journal of Tryptophan Research 2013;6:11459.
  • 29. DeMyer MK, Shea PA, Hendrie HC, Yoshimura NN. Plasma tryptophan and five other amino acids in depressed and normal subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry 1981;38(6):642-6.
  • 30. Joseph MS, Brewerton TD, Reus VI, Stebbins GT. Plasma L-tryptophan/neutral amino acid ratio and dexamethasone suppression in depression. Psychiatry Research 1984;11(3):185-92.
  • 31. Sajid F, Bano S. Increased HPA axis activity and serum tryptophan in naswar (dipping tobacco) Users: A Case-Control Study. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 2017;42(3):169-78.
  • 32. Ravikumar A, Deepadevi KV, Arun P, Manojkumar V, Kurup PA. Tryptophan and tyrosine catabolic pattern in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurology India 2000;48(3):231-8.
  • 33. Barry S, Clarke G, Scully P, Dinan TG. Kynurenine pathway in psychosis: evidence of increased tryptophan degradation. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) 2009;23(3):287-94.
  • 34. Dell'Osso L, Carmassi C, Mucci F, Marazziti D. Depression, serotonin and tryptophan. Current pharmaceutical design. 2016;22(8):949-954.
  • 35. Murr C, Grammer TB, Kleber ME, Meinitzer A, März W, Fuchs D. Low serum tryptophan predicts higher mortality in cardiovascular disease. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 2015;45(3):247-54.
  • 36. Chen T, Zheng X, Ma X, et al. Tryptophan predicts the risk for future type 2 diabetes. PloS one 2016;11(9):e0162192.
  • 37. Xie G, Ma X, Zhao A, et al. The metabolite profiles of the obese population are gender-dependent. Journal of Proteome Research 2014;13(9):4062-73.
  • 38. Møller SE. Tryptophan to competing amino acids ratio in depressive disorder: relation to efficacy of antidepressive treatments. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum 1985;325:3-31.
  • 39. Møller SE, Kirk L, Honoré P. Free and total plasma tryptophan in endogenous depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 1979;1(1):69-76.
  • 40. Niskanen P, Huttunen M, Tamminen T, Jääskeläinen J. The daily rhythm of plasma tryptophan and tyrosine in depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry : The Journal of Mental Science 1976;128:67-73.

Obez hastalarda serum leptin ve triptofan düzeylerinin depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkisi var mı?

Yıl 2022, , 74 - 81, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.55665/troiamedj.1118052

Öz

Amaç: Obez hastalarda depresyon ve anksiyete sık görülen bir durumdur. Obezitede bilindiği üzere leptin rol oynamaktadır, triptofanın ise mevcut çalışmalarda obezitedeki rolü son zamanlarda sıklıkla araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı obez hastalarda serum leptin ve triptofan düzeylerinin depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkisi olup olmadığını değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Çalışma 01.07.2019-31.12.2019 arasında Aile Hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran 18 yaş ve üzeri, VKİ >25 kg/m² olan, herhangi bir ek hastalığı olmayan 88 hastanın verilerinin ele alındığı tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya alınan katılımcılara sosyo-demografık anket formu, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ) doldurtuldu. Bulgular: VKİ ile leptin ve VKİ ile triptofan düzeyleri arasında anlamlı ilişki yoktu. Triptofan ile kilo, bel çevresi ve sistolik kan basıncı (SKB) arasında pozitif korelasyon bulundu. Sigara kullananlarda ve psikiyatrik tedavi alma öyküsü olanlarda da triptofan anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Erkeklerde triptofan düzeyleri kadınlara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulundu. Hastaların serum triptofan konsantrasyonu kilo, bel çevresi ve SKB ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi. Erkeklerde triptofan düzeyi kadınlara göre anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı. Sigara kullananlarda ve psikiyatrik tedavi alma öyküsü olanlarda da triptofan anlamlı derecede yüksekti. BDÖ, BAÖ ile leptin ve triptofan düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak; serum triptofan düzeyi ile kilo, bel çevresi ve SKB arasında bulunan anlamlı ilişkiler, obez hastaların yönetiminde, takibinde ve tedavisinde faydalı olabilir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Derneği TEvM. Türkiye Endokrinoloji Ve Metabolizma Derneği, Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu. 8. Baskı: Nisan 2019.
  • 2. Özdel O, Sözeri-Varma G, Fenkçi S, et al. Obez kadınlarda psikiyatrik tanı sıklığı. Klinik Psikiyatri 2011;14(4):210-7.
  • 3. Restivo MR, McKinnon MC, Frey BN, Hall GB, Taylor VH. Effect of obesity on cognition in adults with and without a mood disorder: study design and methods. BMJ Open 2016;6(2):e009347.
  • 4. Lawson EA, Miller KK, Blum JI, et al. Leptin levels are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in women across the weight spectrum, independent of body fat. Clinical Endocrinology 2012;76(4):520-5.
  • 5. Chaves Filho AJM, Lima CNC, Vasconcelos SMM, de Lucena DF, Maes M, Macedo D. IDO chronic immune activation and tryptophan metabolic pathway: A potential pathophysiological link between depression and obesity. Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2018;80:234-49.
  • 6. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1961;4:561-71.
  • 7. Hisli NJJP. Beck depresyon envanterinin universite ogrencileri icin gecerliligi, guvenilirligi. A reliability and validity study of beck depression inventory in a university student sample. J Psychol 1989;7:3-13.
  • 8. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1988;56(6):893-7.
  • 9. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen HJJCP. The beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J of Cognitive Psychotherapy 1998;12(2):163-72.
  • 10. Barchetta I, Ciccarelli G, Cimini F, et al. Association between systemic leptin and neurotensin concentration in adult individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 2018;41(10):1159-63.
  • 11. Margetic S, Gazzola C, Pegg GG, Hill RA. Leptin: a review of its peripheral actions and interactions. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2002;26(11):1407-33.
  • 12. Rosenbaum M, Nicolson M, Hirsch J, et al. Effects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptin. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1996;81(9):3424-7.
  • 13. Jaleel A, Jaleel F, Majeed R, Alam EJWASJ. Leptin and blood lipid levels in smokers and ex smokers. World Applied Sciences Journal 2007;2(4):348-52.
  • 14. Togo M, Hashimoto Y, Futamura A, et al. Relationship between the serum level of leptin and life-style habits in Japanese men. Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2000;54(4):169-73.
  • 15. Eliasson B, Smith UJEjoci. Leptin levels in smokers and long‐term users of nicotine gum. Europian Journal of Clinical Investigation 1999;29(2):145-52.
  • 16. Kianoush S, DeFilippis AP, Rodriguez CJ, et al. Race/ethnicity-specific associations between smoking, serum leptin, and abdominal fat: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. ethnicity & disease 2018;28(4):531-8.
  • 17. Monteleone P, DiLieto A, Castaldo E, Maj M. Leptin functioning in eating disorders. CNS Spectrums 2004;9(7):523-9.
  • 18. Becer E, Kızılkanat M, Tınazlı M, Serakıncı N. Association between leptin G-2548A gene polymorphism, plasma leptin levels and lipid profiles in Turkish Cypriot obese subjects. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 2016;41(1):1-7.
  • 19. Sinha MK, Caro JF. Clinical aspects of leptin. Vitamins & Hormones. 54: Elsevier 1998. p. 1-30.
  • 20. Aslan K, Serdar Z, Tokullugil H. Multifonksiyonel hormon: leptin. Uludağ Üniv. Tıp Fak. Derg 2004;30(2):113-8.
  • 21. Samad N. Serum levels of leptin, zinc and tryptophan with obesity: A case-control study. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017;30(5):1691-6.
  • 22. Sato T, Laviano A, Meguid M, Chen C, Rossi-Fanelli F, Hatakeyama K. Involvement of plasma leptin, insulin and free tryptophan in cytokine-induced anorexia. Clinical Nutrition 2003;22(2):139-46.
  • 23. Kauffman RP, Castracane VD, White DL, Baldock SD, Owens RJGe. Impact of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram on insulin sensitivity, leptin and basal cortisol secretion in depressed and non-depressed euglycemic women of reproductive age. Gynecological Endocrinology 2005;21(3):129-37.
  • 24. Lawson EA, Miller KK, Blum JI, et al. Leptin levels are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in women across the weight spectrum, independent of body fat. Clinical Endocrinology 2012;76(4):520-5.
  • 25. Lu XY. The leptin hypothesis of depression: a potential link between mood disorders and obesity? Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2007;7(6):648-52.
  • 26. Stieg MR, Sievers C, Farr O, Stalla GK, Mantzoros CS. Leptin: A hormone linking activation of neuroendocrine axes with neuropathology. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015;51:47-57.
  • 27. Badawy AA, Dougherty DM. Assessment of the human kynurenine pathway: comparisons and clinical implications of ethnic and gender differences in plasma tryptophan, kynurenine metabolites, and enzyme expressions at baseline and after acute tryptophan loading and depletion. International Journal of Tryptophan Research : IJTR 2016;9:31-49.
  • 28. Ohashi H, Lizuka H, Yoshihara S, et al. Determination of l-tryptophan and l-kynurenine in human serum by using LC-MS after derivatization with (R)-DBD-PyNCS. International Journal of Tryptophan Research 2013;6:11459.
  • 29. DeMyer MK, Shea PA, Hendrie HC, Yoshimura NN. Plasma tryptophan and five other amino acids in depressed and normal subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry 1981;38(6):642-6.
  • 30. Joseph MS, Brewerton TD, Reus VI, Stebbins GT. Plasma L-tryptophan/neutral amino acid ratio and dexamethasone suppression in depression. Psychiatry Research 1984;11(3):185-92.
  • 31. Sajid F, Bano S. Increased HPA axis activity and serum tryptophan in naswar (dipping tobacco) Users: A Case-Control Study. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 2017;42(3):169-78.
  • 32. Ravikumar A, Deepadevi KV, Arun P, Manojkumar V, Kurup PA. Tryptophan and tyrosine catabolic pattern in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurology India 2000;48(3):231-8.
  • 33. Barry S, Clarke G, Scully P, Dinan TG. Kynurenine pathway in psychosis: evidence of increased tryptophan degradation. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) 2009;23(3):287-94.
  • 34. Dell'Osso L, Carmassi C, Mucci F, Marazziti D. Depression, serotonin and tryptophan. Current pharmaceutical design. 2016;22(8):949-954.
  • 35. Murr C, Grammer TB, Kleber ME, Meinitzer A, März W, Fuchs D. Low serum tryptophan predicts higher mortality in cardiovascular disease. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 2015;45(3):247-54.
  • 36. Chen T, Zheng X, Ma X, et al. Tryptophan predicts the risk for future type 2 diabetes. PloS one 2016;11(9):e0162192.
  • 37. Xie G, Ma X, Zhao A, et al. The metabolite profiles of the obese population are gender-dependent. Journal of Proteome Research 2014;13(9):4062-73.
  • 38. Møller SE. Tryptophan to competing amino acids ratio in depressive disorder: relation to efficacy of antidepressive treatments. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum 1985;325:3-31.
  • 39. Møller SE, Kirk L, Honoré P. Free and total plasma tryptophan in endogenous depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 1979;1(1):69-76.
  • 40. Niskanen P, Huttunen M, Tamminen T, Jääskeläinen J. The daily rhythm of plasma tryptophan and tyrosine in depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry : The Journal of Mental Science 1976;128:67-73.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zeynep Velioğlu 0000-0002-8192-6010

Duygu İlke Yıldırım 0000-0002-3893-5173

Mehmet Eryılmaz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Velioğlu, Z., Yıldırım, D. İ., & Eryılmaz, M. (2022). Obez hastalarda serum leptin ve triptofan düzeylerinin depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkisi var mı?. Troia Medical Journal, 3(3), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.55665/troiamedj.1118052
AMA Velioğlu Z, Yıldırım Dİ, Eryılmaz M. Obez hastalarda serum leptin ve triptofan düzeylerinin depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkisi var mı?. Troia Med J. Eylül 2022;3(3):74-81. doi:10.55665/troiamedj.1118052
Chicago Velioğlu, Zeynep, Duygu İlke Yıldırım, ve Mehmet Eryılmaz. “Obez Hastalarda Serum Leptin Ve Triptofan düzeylerinin Depresyon Ve Anksiyete Ile ilişkisi Var mı?”. Troia Medical Journal 3, sy. 3 (Eylül 2022): 74-81. https://doi.org/10.55665/troiamedj.1118052.
EndNote Velioğlu Z, Yıldırım Dİ, Eryılmaz M (01 Eylül 2022) Obez hastalarda serum leptin ve triptofan düzeylerinin depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkisi var mı?. Troia Medical Journal 3 3 74–81.
IEEE Z. Velioğlu, D. İ. Yıldırım, ve M. Eryılmaz, “Obez hastalarda serum leptin ve triptofan düzeylerinin depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkisi var mı?”, Troia Med J, c. 3, sy. 3, ss. 74–81, 2022, doi: 10.55665/troiamedj.1118052.
ISNAD Velioğlu, Zeynep vd. “Obez Hastalarda Serum Leptin Ve Triptofan düzeylerinin Depresyon Ve Anksiyete Ile ilişkisi Var mı?”. Troia Medical Journal 3/3 (Eylül 2022), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.55665/troiamedj.1118052.
JAMA Velioğlu Z, Yıldırım Dİ, Eryılmaz M. Obez hastalarda serum leptin ve triptofan düzeylerinin depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkisi var mı?. Troia Med J. 2022;3:74–81.
MLA Velioğlu, Zeynep vd. “Obez Hastalarda Serum Leptin Ve Triptofan düzeylerinin Depresyon Ve Anksiyete Ile ilişkisi Var mı?”. Troia Medical Journal, c. 3, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 74-81, doi:10.55665/troiamedj.1118052.
Vancouver Velioğlu Z, Yıldırım Dİ, Eryılmaz M. Obez hastalarda serum leptin ve triptofan düzeylerinin depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkisi var mı?. Troia Med J. 2022;3(3):74-81.