Filistin–İsrail Ateşkes Sürecinin Medyadaki Sunumu: CNN International ve TRT World Haberlerinde Çerçeveleme ve Söylem Farklılıkları

Öz

Bu çalışma, İsrail–Hamas çatışması sırasında ilan edilen ateşkesi izleyen 24 Kasım–1 Aralık 2023 tarihleri arasında yayımlanan toplam 41 haber üzerinden CNN International ve TRT World’ün ateşkes sürecini nasıl çerçevelediğini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Veri seti, CNN International’a ait 20 ve TRT World’e ait 21 haberi kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada çerçeveleme analizi, aktör temsili ve eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, iki medya kuruluşunun ateşkes sürecini belirgin biçimde farklı anlatılarla sunduğunu göstermektedir. CNN International, diplomasi, müzakere adımları ve rehine takasına odaklanarak daha devlet merkezli, teknik ve süreç odaklı bir çerçeve kurmuştur. TRT World ise insani krizi, sivil kayıpları ve yıkımı öne çıkararak daha eleştirel, insan merkezli ve duygusal bir anlatı geliştirmiştir. Aktör temsili açısından CNN International’ın İsrailli yetkilileri ve ABD’yi merkeze yerleştirip Filistinli sivillere sınırlı görünürlük tanıdığı; buna karşılık TRT World’ün Filistinli sivilleri ön plana çıkararak İsrail’in askeri eylemlerini daha yoğun biçimde vurguladığı tespit edilmiştir. Söylemsel olarak CNN International’ın çatışmayı çoğunlukla bürokratik bir diplomasi dosyası gibi sunan teknik bir dil kullandığı, sorumluluğu büyük ölçüde Hamas’a atfettiği görülmüştür. TRT World ise insani dramı ve güç asimetrisini öne çıkaran daha metaforik ve eleştirel bir söylem benimsemiştir. Araştırmada, ateşkes dönemlerinin savaş dönemlerine kıyasla daha çeşitli çerçeveleme ve empati stratejilerine imkân tanıdığı ve iki medya kuruluşunun süreci farklı bilgi üretim biçimleriyle yeniden inşa ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Medya Çalışmaları
• Çerçeveleme Kuramı
• Eleştirel Söylem Analizi
• CNN International
• TRT World

The Presentation of the Palestine–Israel Ceasefire Process in the Media: Framing and Discourse Differences in the News of CNN International and TRT World

Öz

This study comparatively examines how CNN International and TRT World framed the ceasefire process. The analysis is based on a total of 41 news reports published between 24 November and 1 December 2023, following the ceasefire declared during the Israel–Hamas conflict. The dataset under consideration includes 20 news reports from CNN International and 21 from TRT World. The present study employs a multi-methodological approach, incorporating framing analysis, actor representation, and critical discourse analysis. The findings demonstrate that the two media outlets presented the ceasefire process with distinctly different narratives. By contrast, CNN International adopted a more state-centric, technical, and process-oriented approach, emphasising diplomacy, negotiation processes, and hostage exchanges. Conversely, TRT World adopted a more critical, human-centred, and emotional narrative, emphasising the humanitarian crisis, civilian casualties, and destruction. With regard to the representation of actors in the media, it was found that CNN International placed greater emphasis on Israeli officials and the US, while affording limited visibility to Palestinian civilians. Conversely, TRT World placed Palestinian civilians at the forefront of its reporting, while also placing greater emphasis on Israel's military actions. It has been observed that CNN International employs technical language, largely depicting the conflict as a bureaucratic diplomatic dossier, attributing responsibility primarily to Hamas. In contrast, TRT World has adopted a more metaphorical and critical discourse, emphasising the human dimension and the dynamics of power imbalance. The study concluded that ceasefire periods allow for more diverse framing and empathy strategies compared to war periods, and that the two media organisations reconstruct the process through different forms of information production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Framing Theory
• Critical Discourse Analysis
• CNN International
• TRT World
• Media Studies

Kaynakça

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