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Küresel Medya ve Teknoloji Şirketlerinin Sahiplik Yapıları ve Post-Truth Bağlamda Gerçekliğin Yeniden İnşası: İsrail Örneği

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 26, 118 - 145, 31.01.2026

Öz

Bu çalışmada küresel medya ekosisteminde içerik üreticisi ve dağıtıcısı olan şirketlerin sahiplik yapısı incelenecektir. Çalışmanın temel problematiğini; küresel ölçekteki medya ve teknoloji şirketlerinin sahiplik yapılarındaki tekelleşme eğilimini, bu şirketlerin İsrail ile kurumsal işbirliklerini ve şirketlerin Gazze Savaşı’na ilişkin reflekslerini post-truth kavramı etrafında değerlendirmek oluşturur. Araştırmada açık kaynak istihbaratı yöntem olarak kullanılmış ve nitel tasarım benimsenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemi, içerik üretimi ve dağıtımı konularında küresel ölçekte etkiye sahip olan medya ve teknoloji şirketleridir. Bu çerçevede, şirketlerin sahiplik bilgileri, kamuya açık kurumsal raporlar, şirket açıklamaları ve uluslararası basın arşivleri doküman incelemesiyle sistematik biçimde analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, küresel medya ve teknoloji ekosisteminde algoritmik dağıtım gücünün ve kurumsal yatırımcıların mülkiyet yapılarının gerçekliğin yeniden üretiminde belirleyici hale geldiğini, büyük teknoloji şirketleri ile İsrail arasındaki ekonomik ve ideolojik bağların ise içerik görünürlüğü ve editoryal süreçleri etkileyerek İsrail yanlısı anlatıların kurumsal düzeyde yeniden üretilmesini mümkün kıldığını ortaya koymaktadır.

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Ownership Structures of Global Media and Technology Companies and the Reconstruction of Reality in the Post-Truth Era: The Case of Israel

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 26, 118 - 145, 31.01.2026

Öz

This study examines the ownership structures of companies that operate as content producers and distributors within the global media ecosystem. The central problematic of the research is to evaluate the monopolization tendencies in the ownership structures of global media and technology corporations, their institutional collaborations with Israel, and their corporate responses to the Gaza War within the framework of the post-truth paradigm. The study employs open-source intelligence (OSINT) as its methodological foundation and adopts a qualitative research design. The sample consists of media and technology companies that exert significant global influence on content production and distribution. In this context, ownership information was systematically analyzed through document review of publicly available corporate reports, company statements, and international press archives. The findings reveal that algorithmic distribution power and the ownership profiles of institutional investors have become decisive factors in the reproduction of reality within the global media and technology ecosystem. Moreover, the economic and ideological ties between major technology companies and Israel shape content visibility and editorial processes, thereby enabling the institutional reproduction of pro-Israeli narratives.

Kaynakça

  • Alpay, Y. (2017), Yalanın Siyaseti, İstanbul: Destek Yayınları.
  • American Friends Service Committee. (2025). Gazze Soykırımından Kâr Sağlayan Şirketler, AFSC, https://afsc.org/gaza-genocide-companies (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Atılgan, S. (1999). Basın İşletmeciliği, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Axel Springer. (2025a). What Define US. Axel Springer. https://www.axelspringer.com/en/what-defines-us (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Axel Springer. (2025b, April 29). Axel Springer Implements New Corporate Structure. Axel Springer. https://www.axelspringer.com/en/ax-press-release/axel-springer-implements-new-corporate-structure?utm (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
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  • BBC. (2024, December 18). Facebook, Filistinli haber kaynaklarını nasıl kısıtlıyor?, BBC News Türkçe, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cly7vr0xge8o (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Böhm I. & Lolagar S. (2021). Open source intelligence: Introduction, legal an ethical considerations. Springer https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439021-00042-7 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Brezina, C. (2012). Sergey Brin, Larry Page, Eric Schmidt, and Google (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Publishing Group.
  • Büyükafşar, M. (2025). Dijital Habercilik Pratiklerinde Büyük Veri: Açık Kaynak Gazeteciliği Üzerine Bir İnceleme, Düşünce ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), pp: 14-29.
  • Chen, X. (2024). Investigation on the Self-Improving Algorithm of TikTok Based on Extensive User Interactions. EMITI 2024- International Conference on Engineering Management, Information Technology and Intelligence. pp: 227-233 ISBN: 978-989-758-713-9
  • Comcast. (2025). Updates on the Unfolding Events in Israel and the Middle East, Corporate.Comcast, https://corporate.comcast.com/stories/updates-about-the-unfolding-events-in-israel-and-the-middle-east?utm.com (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • d’Ancona, M. (2017). Post-truth: The new war on truth and how to fight back. Ebury Press.
  • Desmarais, A. (2025, July 23). Meta, İsrail Savunma Güçleri için bağış reklamları yayınladı, Euro News, https://tr.euronews.com/next/2025/07/23/meta-israil-savunma-gucleri-icin-bagis-reklamlari-yayinladi (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Deveci, M. (2025, September 22). Gazze’deki soykırıma rağmen Yahudi iş insanları İsrail’e yatırım ve desteğini sürdürüyor, Anadolu Ajansı, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/gazzedeki-soykirima-ragmen-yahudi-is-insanlari-israile-yatirim-ve-destegini-surduruyor/3694812 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Einhorn, S. (2024, May 16). Mark Zuckerberg has a duty to do what he can to protect the Jewish people – opinion, The Jerusalem Post, https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-801307 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Financial Times. (2024, September 9). Activist pushes for end of Murdoch voting control at News Corp. FT, https://www.ft.com/content/253d144c-e325-448f-b542-36e6596c7edf?utm (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Gerbner, G., Mowlana, H. & Nordenstreng, K. (eds). (1993). The Global Media Debate: Its Rise, Fall, and Reneval. Norwood: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
  • Gunkel, D. J. (2019). The medium of truth: media studies in the post-truth era. Review of Communication, 19(4), 309–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/15358593.2019.1667015
  • Gurufocus. (2025, December, 16). Comcast (CMCSA) Gains on Activist Investor Speculation. Gurufocus, https://www.gurufocus.com/news/4071726/comcast-cmcsa-gains-on-activist-investor-speculation (Retrieved on: 16.12.2025).
  • Guttman, N. (2014, March 2). Brian Roberts’ Jewish Roots and Outsized Ambition Drive Comcast’s Rise in Media. Forward. https://forward.com/news/193521/brian-roberts-jewish-roots-and-outsized-ambition-d (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Hannon, M. (2023). The Politics of Post-Truth. Critical Review, 35(1–2), 40–62, https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2023.2194109
  • Hartill, R. (2025, Aug 11). Which Company Owns Warner Bros?, Fool, https://www.fool.com/investing/how-to-invest/stocks/who-owns-warner-bros/?utm (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
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  • Human Right Council. (2025, June 16). From economy of occupation to economy of genocide. United Nations General Assembly. https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/59/23 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • HRW (Human Rights Watch). (2023, December 21). Meta’s Broken Promises Systemic Censorship of Palestine Content on Instagram and Facebook, HRW, https://www.hrw.org/report/2023/12/21/metas-broken-promises/ systemic-censorship-palestine-content-instagram-and (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Humphreys, P. (1996) Mass Media and Media Policy in Western Europe, Manchester University Press, İngiltere.
  • IARR (Internet Advertising Revenue Report). (2025, April). İAB, https://www.iab.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/IAB_PwC-Internet-Ad-Revenue-Report-Full-Year-2024.pdf (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
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  • Investing. (2024, April 18). Google, İsrail’deki sözleşme protestoları nedeniyle 28 kişiyi işten çıkardı. Investing, https://tr.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/google-sraildeki-sozlesme-protestolar-nedeniyle-28-kisiyi-isten-ckard-93CH-2798056 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • JNS. (2024, May 28). Zuckerberg’s Meta to pay $6.8m to Israel for rules violation, JNS, https://www.jns.org/zuckerbergs-meta-to-pay-6-8m-to-israel-for-rules-violation/ Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Kara, T. (2008). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ulusal Basından Sansür’ün Kaldırılışının 100. Yılı Kongresi Bildirileri, İstanbul.
  • Keyes, R. (2017). Hakikat Sonrası Çağ: Günümüz Dünyasında Yalancılık ve Aldatma, Istanbul: Deli Dolu Yayıncılık.
  • Kılıç, F. (2024, May 4). Facebook Gazze’de sivillerin öldürülmesine yardımcı oluyor, Yeni Şafak, https://www.yenisafak.com/video-galeri/teknoloji/facebook-gazzede-sivillerin-oldurulmesine-yardimci-oluyor-4618982 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Kreitner, R. (2016, November 30). Post-truth and its consequences: What a 25-year-old essay tells us about the current moment. The Nation, https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/post-truth-and-its-consequences-what-a25-year-old-essay-tells-us-about-the-current-moment/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Kuyucu, M. (2013). Türkiye’de Çapraz Medya Sahipliği: Medya Ekonomisine Olumsuz Etkileri ve Bu Etkilerin Önlenmesine Yönelik Önlemler, Selçuk İletişim, 8 (1), pp: 144-163.
  • Laura, P. & Will, L. (2024, January 11). Media group Axel Springer dividends top €775mn over past 4 years. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/45719573-767f-4921-967e-2c3f7f6d3992 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • MacBride, S. & al. (1981). Many Voices, One World; Communication and Society, Today and Tomorrow. Paris: UNESCO. (Reprinted 2004: Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield).
  • Maza, E. (2013, April 1). Hearst’s New CEO Steve Swartz Talks Business, Succession. WWD, https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/swartz-succeeds-bennack-as-hearst-ceo-6877092/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Media Database. (2025). The 100 largest media and knowledge companies in the world (2024). Mediadb, https://mediadb.eu/en/die-grosten-medienkonzerne/?utm (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Media Ownership Monitor. (2025). Media Ownership Matters. MOM-GMR. https://www.mom-gmr.org/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Mi3. (2024, December 09). Global media owner ad revenues jump in 2024 but Google, Meta, Amazon take 61% of global ad spend: Magna, Mi-3, https://www.mi-3.com.au/09-12-2024/global-media-owner-ad-revenues-jump-2024-google-meta-amazon-take-61-global-ad-spend?utm (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Mitchell, D. (2025, October 2). Facebook shareholders: Who owns the most META stock?, Capital, https://capital.com/en-int/analysis/facebook-shareholder-who-owns-the-most-meta stock?utm (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Musa, H. (2020, February 19). Filistinlilerden Amazon’a tepki, Independent Türkçe, http://indyturk.com/node/134801/d%C3%BCnya/filistinlilerden-amazona-tepki (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Nordenstreng, K. (2010). MacBride Report as a Culmination of NWICO. Sites, https://sites.tuni.fi/app/uploads/2019/12/3005939b-grenoble.pdf (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • NTV. (2024, April 25). Teknoloji devi Meta’nın İsrail’e yardım ettiği iddiası. NTV. https://www.ntv.com.tr/teknoloji/teknoloji-devi-metanin-israile-yardim-ettigi-iddiasi,QpEXNnTg9kiRDHZ8hqlXtA (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Orwell, G. (1945). Freedom of the Park. Tribune. GB, London.
  • Oxford Languages. (2016). World of the Year 2016. Languages. https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/2016/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Özokçu E. (2011). Görsel-İşitsel Medyada Sahiplik, Uzmanlık Tezi, Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu, Ankara.
  • Paul, K., & DiNapoli, J. (2024, June 6). Exclusive: Former Meta engineer sues company saying he was fired over handling of Gaza content. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/former-meta-engineer-sues-company-saying-he-was-fired-over-handling-gaza-content-2024-06-05/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • PR Newswire. (2025, June 9). Warner Bros. Discovery to separate into two leading media companies. PR Newswire. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/warner-bros-discovery-to-separate-into-two-leading-media-companies-302476325.html (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Reuters. (2021, May 24). Israel signs cloud services deal with Amazon, Google. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/israel-signs-cloud-services-deal-with-amazon-google-2021-05-24/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Reuters. (2025, November 5). Google’s $32 billion deal for Wiz clears DOJ antitrust review, Wiz CEO tells WSJ. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/googles-32-billion-deal-wiz-clears-doj-antitrust-review-wiz-ceo-tells-wsj-2025-11-05/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • SDE (Strategic Thinking Institute). (2025, September 19). Pro-Israel META imposes blackout on WhatsApp as well. Strategic Thinking Institute. https://www.sde.org.tr/haber/israil-destekcisi-meta-whatsapp-ta-da-israil-karartmasi-yapiyor-haberi-60510 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Selvi, M. (2023, December 12). Opinion: Social media censorship against Gaza. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/gorus-gazzeye-sosyal-medya-sansuru/3080213 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Sevginer, P. (2012) Medya ve Siyaset İlişkisi İçerisinde Türkiye’de Gazetecilik ve Sansür, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, K. H. Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enst, İstanbul.
  • Sönmez, M. (2003). Türk Medyasında Yeni Sahiplik Yapısı, Cepheler ve Profiller, Doğan Tılıç (Ed), Türkiye’de Gazetecilik Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım, ÇGD Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Statista. (2024). Leading media companies worldwide in 2024, Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/272469/largest-media-companies-worldwide/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Steele, R. D. (2012). The Open-Source Everything Manifesto: Transparency, Truth, and Trust. North Atlantic Books.
  • Stefan, N. (2021, October 19). Business Insider and Bild publisher on edge after tabloid king fired. Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-19/toppled-tabloid-king-puts-expansionist-german-publisher-on-edge (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Şener, O. (2016). Post-Gerçek Dönem: Sebepler ve Sonuçlar, Varlık Dergisi, İstanbul.
  • Teyit Hattı. (2016). What is “post-truth”? Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/teyithatti/teyit-sozlugu/hakikat-sonrasi-nedir/1815426 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • The Guardian. (2024, November 20). Murdoch family retains majority control of News Corp after shareholder vote. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2024/nov/20/rupert-murdoch-family-news-corp (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • The Guardian. (2025, March 18). Google’s parent to buy cybersecurity group Wiz in its biggest ever deal, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/mar/18/google-parent-alphabet-buy-cybersecurity-wiz-israeli-startup (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • The Jerusalem Post. (2024, December 23). Rupert Murdoch: Israel defends Western civilization, won’t stand alone with Trump. The Jerusalem Post. https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-834543 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • The Washington Post. (2025, July 9). Google co-founder Sergey Brin calls U.N. ‘transparently antisemitic’ after report on tech firms and Gaza. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2025/07/08/sergey-brin-united-nations-gaza-israel (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Times of Israel. (2023, June 19). JPMorgan expands commercial banking business to Israel to cater to tech companies. Times of Israel. https://www.timesofisrael.com/jpmorgan-expands-commercial-banking-business-to-israel-to-cater-to-tech-companies (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Turk Israel. (2025). Larry Page, one of Google’s founders. Turk Israel. https://www.turkisrael.org.il/single-post/2020/01/08/google-%C4%B1n-yarat%C4%-B1c%C4%B1lar%C4%B1ndan-larry-page-1 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Venditti, B. (2024, October 25). Ranked: The world’s most valuable media brands in 2024. Visual Capitalist. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-the-worlds-most-valuable-media-brands-in-2024 (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Yahoo Finance. (2025a, September 30). Comcast Corporation (CMCSA). https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CMCSA/holders/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Yahoo Finance. (2025b, September 30). The Walt Disney Company (DIS). https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/DIS/holders/?utm (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Yahoo Finance. (2025c, September 30). Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc. (WBD). https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/WBD/holders/?utm (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Yahoo Finance. (2025d, September 30). Fox Corporation (FOX). https://finance.yahoo. com/quote/FOX/holders/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Yahoo Finance. (2025e, September 30). Alphabet Inc. (GOOG). https://finance.yahoo. com/quote/GOOG/holders/?utm (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Yahoo Finance. (2025f). Meta Platforms, Inc. (META). https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/META/holders/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Yahoo Finance. (2025g). Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN). https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AMZN/holders/ (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
  • Yahoo Finance. (2025h). Apple Inc. (AAPL). https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AAPL/ holders/?utm (Retrieved on: 10.10.2025).
Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Metin Erol 0000-0003-1987-1503

Ömer Burak Tek 0009-0008-8791-3107

Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Ocak 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 26

Kaynak Göster

APA Erol, M., & Tek, Ö. B. (2026). Ownership Structures of Global Media and Technology Companies and the Reconstruction of Reality in the Post-Truth Era: The Case of Israel. TRT Akademi, 11(26), 118-145. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1837915