Algoritmalar, Yapay Zeka ve Makine Öğrenimi Ekseninde Gazetecilik Etiği: Uluslararası Akademik Dergilere Yönelik Bir İnceleme

Öz

Algoritmalar pek çok alanda olduğu gibi gazetecilikte de kullanılır hâle gelmiştir. Ancak bu durum, etik sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Ayrıca algoritmalar geliştikçe etik sorunlar artmaya devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada algoritma etiği üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda gazetecilik alanıyla ilgili önde gelen üç dergi olan Digital Journalism, Journalism Studies ve Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly’de 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında yayımlanmış algoritmalarla ilgili çalışmalar nitel içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Alanda önde gelen bu dergilerde algoritma etiğine ne şekilde değinildiğini açığa çıkarmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, makalelerin odaklarına, araştırmada kullanılan kuram/kavramlara, çalışmaların yöntemlerine, örneklemlerine, çalışmaların gerçekleştirildiği ülke ya da ülkelere ve algoritma etiğine yönelik bulgularına odaklanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, gazetecilik alanında önde gelen bu dergilerde algoritmalara ilişkin çalışmalara fazla yer verilmediği, ayrıca çalışmaların çok azında etik sorunlara değinildiği açığa çıkmıştır. Algoritma etiğini araştıran sınırlı sayıda çalışmada ise algoritmalara dayalı etik ihlallerin, insanların tehlike altında hissetmeleri ya da suçsuz yere yargılanmaları gibi çeşitli sorunlara neden olabileceği ifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmaların etik sorunların çözümüne yönelik çeşitli yasal düzenlemeleri, makine öğrenimi teknolojisinin kullanımını, gerektiğinde insan kontrolünü ve algoritma seçimleri hakkında kullanıcıların bilgilendirilmesini önerdiği anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Algoritma
• Algoritma Etiği
• Dijital Gazetecilik
• Etik
• Gazetecilik

Journalism Ethics on the Axis of Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Review of International Academic Journals

Öz

Algorithms have become used in journalism, as in many other fields. However, this situation has brought ethical problems with it. In addition, ethical problems continue to increase as algorithms evolve. Therefore, this study focused on algorithm ethics. In this context, studies on algorithms published in 2019 and 2020 in Digital Journalism, Journalism Studies and Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, which are three leading journals in the field of journalism, were examined. For this, content analysis method was used. It is aimed to reveal how algorithm ethics are mentioned in these leading journals in the field. In this direction, the focus of the articles, the theory/concepts used in the research, the methods of the studies, the samples, the country or countries where the studies were carried out, and the findings of algorithm ethics were focused. As a result, it has been revealed that these leading journals in the field of journalism do not have much coverage on algorithms, and that only a few of the studies address ethical issues. In a limited number of studies examining algorithm ethics, it has been stated that ethical violations based on algorithms can cause various problems such as people feeling in danger or being prosecuted innocently. Also it is revealed that, these studies suggests various legal regulations, the use of machine learning technology, human control when necessary, and informing of users about algorithm choices for the solution of ethical problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Algorithm
• Algorithm Ethics
• Digital Journalism
• Ethics
• Journalism

Kaynakça

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