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Yapay Zekâ ve Geleceğin Meslekleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 13, 834 - 853, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.969285

Öz

Bilimsel, teknolojik gelişmeler ve dijitalleşme ile birlikte ihtiyaçlarımızın değişimi, belirli mesleklere duyulan gereksinimleri de etkilemektedir. Kimi mesleklere duyulan ihtiyaçlar azalırken gelecekteki ihtiyaçlara çözümler sunacağı düşünülen meslekler bu süreçte ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, yapay zekâ ile yaşanan dönüşüm sonucu geleceğin yeni mesleklerini ve bu mesleklerin gerektireceği becerileri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla alan yazını taraması yapılmış olup bununla birlikte çeşitli kurumlar tarafından yapılmış olan geleceğin mesleklerine yönelik araştırma raporları incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada 25 yeni geleceğin mesleğine yer verilmiştir. Çalışmaya göre, mevcut mesleklerin yapılarında ve gerektirdiği becerilerde değişimler olduğu ve bu değişimlerin gelecekte de devam edeceği, yeni mesleklerin ortaya çıkacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yeni mesleklerin gelmesiyle birlikte kişilerin iletişim, dijital okuryazarlık, analiz yetenekleri, analitik düşünme, problem çözme, yapay zekâ
sistemlerindeki özel teknolojilerin kullanımı gibi yeteneklere sahip olmaları beklenmektedir.  

Kaynakça

  • Capek, K. (1920) Rossum’un evrensel robotları, Prag Press., Prag.
  • Copeland, B.J. (2000). The Turing test, Minds and Machines, 10, 519–539. Cormen, T. H., Leiserson, J. E., Rivest, R. L., Stein, C. (2009). Introduction to algorithms, 3rd Edition, MIT Press, A.B.D.
  • Dhar, V. (2016). The future of artificial intelligence, Big Data, 5-9.
  • Gries, T., Naudé, W. (2018). Artificial intelligence, jobs, ınequality and productivity: does aggregate demand matter?, IZA Discussion Papers, No. 12005, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn.
  • Görmüş, A. (2019). Future of work with the industry 4.0, International Congress on Social Sciences Proceeding Book, 317-323.
  • Görz, G., Nebel, B. (2005) Yapay zekâ, İnkılap Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Kambur, E. (2020). Yapay Zekânın İnsan Kaynakları Süreçlerinde Yaratabileceği Değişiklikler ve Algılanma Düzeyleri, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Bandırma.
  • Kılınç, İ., Ünal, A. (2019). Yeni gözde yapay zekâ: Yapay zekânın iş dünyasına etkileri, Çağdaş Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (6), 238-258.
  • Kolbjornsrud, V., Amico, R., Thomas, R.J. (2016). How artifical intelligence will redefine management, Harvard Business Review.
  • Lee, J., Davari, H., Singh, J., Pandhare, V. (2018). Industrial artificial intelligence for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems, Manufacturing Letters, 18, 20- 23.
  • Ma W, Adesope, O. O., Nesbit, J. C., Liu, Q. (2014). Intelligent tutoring systems and learning outcomes: A meta-analysis, Journal of Educational Psychology, 106 (4), 901–918.
  • Mahfudz, N., Satria, A., Hubeis, A.V.S., Suroso, A.I., Uchrowi, Z. (2021). The objective conditions of the competency of labor social security practitioners in facing future jobs, GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review, 5 (4), 18-25.
  • Manyika, J., Lund, S., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Woetzel, J., Batra, P., Ko, R., Sanghvi, S. McKinsey & Company. (2017). What the future of work will mean for jobs, skills, and wages, McKinsey Global Institute, https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/jobs-lost-jobs-gained-what-the-futureof-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages
  • Mccarthy, J. (1958) History of LIST, in History of Programming Languages, MA: Academic Press, Cambridge.
  • Minsky, M. L. (1967) Computation: finite and infinite machines, Prentice-Hall Pres., New Jersey.
  • Moor, J.H. (1976). An analysis of the Turing test, Philosophical Studies 30, 249 257.
  • Neagu, S.M. (2020). The future jobs in a technological society, The 16th International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Education Bucharest, April 23-24, 2020.
  • Nilsson, N.J. (2018) Yapay zekâ geçmişi ve geleceği, İstanbul, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayıncılık.
  • Öztemel, E. (2020). Yapay zekâ ve insanlığın geleceği, (içinde Bilişim Teknolojileri ve İletişim: Birey ve Toplum Güvenliği, Ed. Muzaffer Şeker, Yasin Bulduklu, Cem Korkut, Mürsel Doğrul), Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, Ankara.
  • Pompa, C. (2015), Jobs for the future, ODI, https://odi.org/en/publications/jobs-for-thefuture/.
  • Perez-Vega, R., Kaartemo, V., Lages, C.R., Razavi, N.B., Mannistö, J. (2021). Reshaping the contexts of online customer engagement behavior via artificial intelligence: A conceptual framework, Journal of Business Research, 129, 902-910.
  • Rampersad, G. (2020). Robot will take your job: Innovation for an era of artificial intelligence, Journal of Business Research, 116, 68-74.
  • Russel, S., Norvig, P. (1995). Artificial intelligence a modern approach, Prentice Hall.
  • Syam, N., Sharma, A. (2018). Waiting for a sales renaissance in the fourth industrial revolution: Machine learning and artificial intelligence in sales research and practice, Industrial Marketing Management, 69, 135-146.
  • Turing, A. (1936) On computable numbers with an application to the entscheidungsproblem, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 2 (1), 230-265.
  • Turing, A. (1950). Computing machinery and ıntelligence, The Journal of The Mind Association, 59, (236), 433-460.
  • Tytler, R., Bridgstock, R., White, P., Mather, D., McCandless, T., Grant-Iramu, M. (2019). 100 jobs of the future, Deakin University, Griffifth Üniversitesi, Ford Motor Company of Australia Limited, Avustralya, https://100jobsofthefuture.com/report/100jobsofthefuturereport-SCREEN.pdf
  • Ülgen, B., Yavuz, N. (2021). Yapay zekâ ile liderliğin dönüşümü, (içinde Yapay Zekâ: Güncel Yaklaşımlar ve Uygulamalar, Ed. Öykü İyigün, Mustafa K. Yılmaz), Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Wang D., Han, H., Zhan, Z., Xu, J., Liu, Q., Ren, G. (2015). A problem solving oriented intelligent tutoring system to improve students’ acquisition of basic computer skills, Computers & Education, 81, 102-112.
  • White, P.J., Tytler, R., Ferguson, J., Clark, J.C. (2020). Methodological approaches to STEM education research volume 1, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, İngiltere.
  • Wilson, H.J., Daugherty, P.R., Morini-Bianzino, N. (2017). The jobs that artificial ıntelligence will create, MITSloan Management Review, 58 (4), 13-17.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF) (2020). The future of jobs report, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2020.pdf
  • Wynsberghe, A. van. (2016). Service robots, care ethics, and design, Ethics and Information Technology, 18, 311–321.
  • YÖK (2019). Geleceğin meslekleri çalışmaları. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Yayinlar/Yayinlarimiz/2019/gelecegin_meslekleri_calismalari.pdf.
  • Zhang, C., Lu, Y., (2021). Study on artificial intelligence: The state of the art and future prospects, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 23.

Artificial Intelligence and Jobs of the Future

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 13, 834 - 853, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.969285

Öz

The change of our needs along with scientific and technological developments and digitalization
also affects the requirements for certain jobs. While the needs for some jobs are decreasing,
jobs that are thought to offer solutions to future needs come to the fore in this process. This
study aims to identify the new jobs of the future as a result of the transformation experienced
by artificial intelligence and the skills that these professions will require. For this purpose,
literature research has been conducted, and research reports on jobs of the future, which have
been conducted by various institutions, have been studied and evaluated. The study included
25 new jobs of the future. According to the study, it was concluded that there are changes in
the structures of existing jobs and the skills required, and these changes will continue in the
future, and new jobs will emerge. With the arrival of new professions, people are expected
to have skills such as communication, digital literacy, analytical abilities, analytical thinking,
problem solving, and the use of special technologies in artificial intelligence systems.

Kaynakça

  • Capek, K. (1920) Rossum’un evrensel robotları, Prag Press., Prag.
  • Copeland, B.J. (2000). The Turing test, Minds and Machines, 10, 519–539. Cormen, T. H., Leiserson, J. E., Rivest, R. L., Stein, C. (2009). Introduction to algorithms, 3rd Edition, MIT Press, A.B.D.
  • Dhar, V. (2016). The future of artificial intelligence, Big Data, 5-9.
  • Gries, T., Naudé, W. (2018). Artificial intelligence, jobs, ınequality and productivity: does aggregate demand matter?, IZA Discussion Papers, No. 12005, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn.
  • Görmüş, A. (2019). Future of work with the industry 4.0, International Congress on Social Sciences Proceeding Book, 317-323.
  • Görz, G., Nebel, B. (2005) Yapay zekâ, İnkılap Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Kambur, E. (2020). Yapay Zekânın İnsan Kaynakları Süreçlerinde Yaratabileceği Değişiklikler ve Algılanma Düzeyleri, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Bandırma.
  • Kılınç, İ., Ünal, A. (2019). Yeni gözde yapay zekâ: Yapay zekânın iş dünyasına etkileri, Çağdaş Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (6), 238-258.
  • Kolbjornsrud, V., Amico, R., Thomas, R.J. (2016). How artifical intelligence will redefine management, Harvard Business Review.
  • Lee, J., Davari, H., Singh, J., Pandhare, V. (2018). Industrial artificial intelligence for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems, Manufacturing Letters, 18, 20- 23.
  • Ma W, Adesope, O. O., Nesbit, J. C., Liu, Q. (2014). Intelligent tutoring systems and learning outcomes: A meta-analysis, Journal of Educational Psychology, 106 (4), 901–918.
  • Mahfudz, N., Satria, A., Hubeis, A.V.S., Suroso, A.I., Uchrowi, Z. (2021). The objective conditions of the competency of labor social security practitioners in facing future jobs, GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review, 5 (4), 18-25.
  • Manyika, J., Lund, S., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Woetzel, J., Batra, P., Ko, R., Sanghvi, S. McKinsey & Company. (2017). What the future of work will mean for jobs, skills, and wages, McKinsey Global Institute, https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/jobs-lost-jobs-gained-what-the-futureof-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages
  • Mccarthy, J. (1958) History of LIST, in History of Programming Languages, MA: Academic Press, Cambridge.
  • Minsky, M. L. (1967) Computation: finite and infinite machines, Prentice-Hall Pres., New Jersey.
  • Moor, J.H. (1976). An analysis of the Turing test, Philosophical Studies 30, 249 257.
  • Neagu, S.M. (2020). The future jobs in a technological society, The 16th International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Education Bucharest, April 23-24, 2020.
  • Nilsson, N.J. (2018) Yapay zekâ geçmişi ve geleceği, İstanbul, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayıncılık.
  • Öztemel, E. (2020). Yapay zekâ ve insanlığın geleceği, (içinde Bilişim Teknolojileri ve İletişim: Birey ve Toplum Güvenliği, Ed. Muzaffer Şeker, Yasin Bulduklu, Cem Korkut, Mürsel Doğrul), Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, Ankara.
  • Pompa, C. (2015), Jobs for the future, ODI, https://odi.org/en/publications/jobs-for-thefuture/.
  • Perez-Vega, R., Kaartemo, V., Lages, C.R., Razavi, N.B., Mannistö, J. (2021). Reshaping the contexts of online customer engagement behavior via artificial intelligence: A conceptual framework, Journal of Business Research, 129, 902-910.
  • Rampersad, G. (2020). Robot will take your job: Innovation for an era of artificial intelligence, Journal of Business Research, 116, 68-74.
  • Russel, S., Norvig, P. (1995). Artificial intelligence a modern approach, Prentice Hall.
  • Syam, N., Sharma, A. (2018). Waiting for a sales renaissance in the fourth industrial revolution: Machine learning and artificial intelligence in sales research and practice, Industrial Marketing Management, 69, 135-146.
  • Turing, A. (1936) On computable numbers with an application to the entscheidungsproblem, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 2 (1), 230-265.
  • Turing, A. (1950). Computing machinery and ıntelligence, The Journal of The Mind Association, 59, (236), 433-460.
  • Tytler, R., Bridgstock, R., White, P., Mather, D., McCandless, T., Grant-Iramu, M. (2019). 100 jobs of the future, Deakin University, Griffifth Üniversitesi, Ford Motor Company of Australia Limited, Avustralya, https://100jobsofthefuture.com/report/100jobsofthefuturereport-SCREEN.pdf
  • Ülgen, B., Yavuz, N. (2021). Yapay zekâ ile liderliğin dönüşümü, (içinde Yapay Zekâ: Güncel Yaklaşımlar ve Uygulamalar, Ed. Öykü İyigün, Mustafa K. Yılmaz), Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Wang D., Han, H., Zhan, Z., Xu, J., Liu, Q., Ren, G. (2015). A problem solving oriented intelligent tutoring system to improve students’ acquisition of basic computer skills, Computers & Education, 81, 102-112.
  • White, P.J., Tytler, R., Ferguson, J., Clark, J.C. (2020). Methodological approaches to STEM education research volume 1, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, İngiltere.
  • Wilson, H.J., Daugherty, P.R., Morini-Bianzino, N. (2017). The jobs that artificial ıntelligence will create, MITSloan Management Review, 58 (4), 13-17.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF) (2020). The future of jobs report, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2020.pdf
  • Wynsberghe, A. van. (2016). Service robots, care ethics, and design, Ethics and Information Technology, 18, 311–321.
  • YÖK (2019). Geleceğin meslekleri çalışmaları. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Yayinlar/Yayinlarimiz/2019/gelecegin_meslekleri_calismalari.pdf.
  • Zhang, C., Lu, Y., (2021). Study on artificial intelligence: The state of the art and future prospects, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 23.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nihan Yavuz Aksakal 0000-0002-1603-2520

Beliz Ülgen 0000-0002-7589-6812

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Temmuz 2021
Kabul Tarihi 13 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavuz Aksakal, N., & Ülgen, B. (2021). Yapay Zekâ ve Geleceğin Meslekleri. TRT Akademi, 6(13), 834-853. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.969285