Elit Türk Kadın Buz Hokeycilerin Fiziksel Profilleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 165 - 170, 15.10.2019

İlyas Karakaş , Bereket Köse , Niyazi Çağrı Karabulut

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki milli
takım düzeyinde kadın elit buz hokeycilerin fiziksel profillerinin
araştırılması ve dünyadaki diğer elit kadın buz hokeycilerle kıyaslanmasıdır.
Çalışmaya yaş ortalamaları 22,61±3,58; vücut ağırlıkları 56,76±6,51; boy
uzunlukları 162,79±5,55 olan 18 elit kadın buz hokeyci katılmıştır. Sporcuların
vücut ağırlıkları, boy uzunlukları, vücut yağ yüzdeleri, vücut kütle indeksi,
aerobik kapasiteleri ve anaerobik güç ve kapasiteleri incelenmiştir. Verilerin
analizi SPSS-20 programıyla yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların profilleri tanımlayıcı
istatistik ile tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre elit kadın buz
hokeyi sporcularının vücut yağ yüzdeleri 20,90±3,16; maksimal oksijen
tüketimleri (VO2maks) 43,22±4,28 vücut kütle indeksi 21,36±2,05 anaerobik güç
ve kapasitenin göstergesi olan zirve güç 473,52±77,53; ortalama güç
351,74±54,02; minimum güç 203,41±46,16; güç düşüş yüzdesi 55,82±9,36 olarak
bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma elit Türk kadın buz hokeycilerin fiziksel
profillerinin araştırıldığı ilk çalışmadır. Antrenörler ve sporcular bu
araştırmadaki verileri kullanarak kadın buz hokeyi sporcularının eksik ve zayıf
yönlerini tespit edip bu doğrultuda fiziksel antrenman programı yapabilmeye
yardımcı olabilir. İleriki çalışmalarda buz hokeyine özgü testlerin yapılması,
daha geniş fiziksel profillerin çıkarılması ayrıca bu sporda başarıyı etkileyen
beslenme, özel yaşam, psikolojik faktörler gibi diğer faktörleri de araştırmak
bu sporun gelişimi için fayda sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kadın buz hokeyi, maksimal oksijen tüketimi, wingate

Physical Profiles of Elite Woman Turkish Ice Hockey Players

Öz

The
aim of this study was to determine physical profiles of elite woman ice hockey
players in Turkey and compare them with other players from other countries.
Eighteen elite woman ice hockey players (age: 22.61±3.58; body mass:
56.76±6.51; height: 162.79±5.55) voluntarily participated in this study. Body
mass, height, body fat percentages, body mass index, aerobic capacity and
anaerobic power of the athletes were measured. Data was processed with SPSS 20.
Descriptive statistic was used to determine the profile of the athletes.
According to results, body fat percentage VO2max, body mass index, peak power,
mean power, minimum power and power drop percentage were found as follows:
20.90±3.16; 43.22±4.28; 21.36±2.05; 473.52±77.53; 351.74±54.02; 203.41±46.16;
55.82±9.36, respectively. As a result, this is the first study determining
physical profiles of elite woman ice hockey players and athletes and coaches
can consult to these finding when an evaluation is needed. It can be suggested
for the future studies that sport specific tests, broader physical profiles and
nutrition, private life and physiological factors can be included in order to
develop this sport in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maximal oxygen consumption, woman ice hokey, wingate

Kaynakça

• Allisse, M., Sercia, P., Comtois, A. S., ve Leone, M. (2017). Morphological, physiological and skating performance profiles of male age-group elite ıcehockey players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 58, 87-97.
• Astrand, P. O, Rodahl, K., Dahl, H, ve Stromme, S. (2003). Textbook of Work Physiology. Physiological Bases of Exercise (4th ed.). Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
• Barry, A. M., Dalin, D. L., Peterson, B. J., ve Fitzgerald, J. S. (2014). Association between body fatness and skating performance in competitive ıce hockey players. Medicine& Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(5), 622-622.
• Bracko, M. R., ve George, J. D. (2001). Prediction of ice skating performance with office testing in women's ice hockey players. The Journal of Strength& Conditioning Research, 15(1), 116-122.
• Brocherie F, Girard O, Millet G. P. (2018). Updated analysis of changes in locomotor activities a cross periods in an international ice hockey game. Biol Sport., 35(3), 261-267.
• Burr , J. F., Jamnik, R.K., Baker, J., Macpherson, A., Gledhill, N., ve Mc Guire, E. J. (2008). Relationship of physical fitness test results and hockey playing potentioal in elite-level ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res., 22(5), 1535-1543.
• Cooper, S.M., Baker, J. S., Tong, R.J., Roberts, E., ve Hanford, M. (2005). Maximal oxygen uptake in active young men 20 m multi stage fitness test as a predictor of the repeat ability and criterion related validity. Br. J. Sports Med. 39,19.
• Durocher, J. J., Jensen, D. D., Arredondo, A. G., Leetun, D. T., ve Carter, J. R. (2008). Gender differences in hockey players during on-ice graded exercise. TheJournal of Strength& Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1327-1331.
• Geithner, C. A., Lee, A. M., ve Bracko, M. R. (2006). Physical and performance differences among forwards, defense men, and goalies in elite women's ice hockey. Journal of Strengthand Conditioning Research, 20(3), 500.
• Gilenstam, K. (2009). Gender and Physiology in Ice Hockey: A Multi-Dimensional Study, Doctoral dissertation, Umeåuniversity.
• Gilenstam, K. M., Thorsen, K., ve Henriksson-Larsen, K. B. (2011). Physiological correlates of skating performance in women's and men's ice hockey. 47 Journal of Strengthand Conditioning Research, 25(8), 2133-2142.
• Gore, C.J. (2000). Physiological Tests For Elite Athletes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
• Henriksson, T. (2017). Physiological-and Socio-Cultural Conditions for Performance in Women's Ice Hockey, Doctoral dissertation, Umeåuniversitet.
• Inbar, O., Bar-Or O, Skinner J.S. (1996). The Wingate Anaerobic Test. USA: Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
• Janot, J. M., Beltz, N.M., ve Dalleck, L. D. (2015). Multiple off- ice performance variables predict on-ice skating performance in male and female division III ice hockey players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 14(3), 522.
• Kiviniemi, A. M., Hautala, A. J., Kinnunen, H., ve Tulppo, M. P. (2007). Endurance training guided individually by daily heart rate variability measurements. European journal of applied physiology, 101(6), 743-751.
• Leger, L. A., Mercier, D., Gadoury, C., & Lambert, J. (1988). The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. Journal of sports sciences, 6(2), 93-101.
• Naimo, M. A., De Souza, E. O., Wilson, J. M., Carpenter, A. L., Gilchrist, P., Lowery, R. P., ... ve Joy, J. (2015). High-intensity interval training has positive effects on performance in ice hockey players. International journal of sports medicine, 36(01), 61-66.
• Peterson, B. J., Fitzgerald, J. S., Dietz, C. C., Ziegler, K. S., Ingraham, S. J., Baker, S. E., ve Snyder, E. M. (2015). Aerobic capacity is associated with improved repeated shift performance in hockey. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(6), 1465-1472.
• Ransdell, L. B., & Murray, T. (2011). A physical profile of elite female ice hockey players from the USA. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2358-2363.
• Ransdell, L. B., Murray, T. M., ve Gao, Y. (2013). Off-ice fitness of elite female ice hockey players by team success, age, and player position. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(4), 875-884.
• Roczniok, R., Adam, M., Przemysław, P., Stanula, A., ve Gołaś, A. (2014). On-ice special tests in relation to various ındexes of aerobic and anaerobic capacity in polish league ıce hockey players. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 117, 475-481.
• Roczniok, R., Stanula, A., Maszczyk, A., Mostowik, A., Kowalczyk, M., Fidos-Czuba, O., ve Zając, A. (2016). Physiological, physical and on-ice performance criteria for selection of elite ice hockey teams. Biology of sport, 33(1), 43.
• Runner, A. R., Lehnhard, R. A., Butterfield, S. A., Tu, S., ve O'Neill, T. (2016). Predictors of speed using off-ice measures of college hockey players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 30(6), 1626-1632.
• Spiering, B. A., Wilson, M. H., Judelson, D. A., ve Rundell, K. W. (2003). Evaluation of cardiovascular demands of game play and practice in women's ice hockey. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 17(2), 329-333.
• Stanula, A., Roczniok, R., Maszczyk, A., Pietraszewski, P., ve Zając, A. (2014). The role of aerobic capacity in high-intensity intermittent efforts in ice-hockey. Biology of sport, 31(3), 193.
• Svensson, M., ve Drust, B. (2005). Testing soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 23(6), 601-618.
• Theberge, N. (2003). “No Fear Comes” Adolescent girls, ıce hockey, and the embodiment of gender. Youth & Society, 34(4), 497-516.
• Ulmer, J. G., Tomkinson, G. R., Short, S., Short, M., ve Fitzgerald, J. S. (2019). Test-retest reliability of TRIMP in collegiate ice hockey players. Biology of Sport, 36(2), 191.
• Weaving, C., ve Roberts, S. (2012). Checking in: an analysis of the (lack of) body checking in women's ice hockey. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 83(3), 470-478.
• McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2006). Essentials of Exercise Physiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Wilson, K., Snydmiller, G., Game, A., Quinney, A., ve Bell, G. (2010). The development and reliability of a repeated anaerobic cycling test in female ice hockey players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(2), 580-584.
• William, D.M., Katch, V.L., ve Katch F.I. (2011). Essentials of Exercise Physiology. Fourth edition Chapter 6, Human Energy Transfer During Exercise. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pg:185- 202.
• Zupan, M. F., Arata, A. W., Dawson, L. H., Wile, A. L., Payn, T. L., ve Hannon, M. E. (2009). Wingate anaerobic test peak power and anaerobic capacity classifications for men and women inter collegiate athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2598-2604.