Brezilya Federal Devleti ve Kamu Politikası Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 49 - 56, 28.03.2022

Sevil Zengin

Öz

1985 yılında son bulan askerî rejim ardından gelen demokrasi ile birlikte Brezilya’da devlet yönetimi ve kamu politikası süreci değişime uğramıştır. Brezilya’da tam anlamıyla bir demokratik yönetime resmî geçiş, 1988 Brezilya Anayasası ile gerçekleşmiş ve adem-i merkeziyetçiliğin kamu yönetiminde yoğunlaşmasının yanı sıra kamu politikalarının oluşturulmasında ve yönetilmesinde devlet dışı aktörlerin katılımının yolunu açan yapısal örgütler kurulmuştur. Bu kapsamda en önemli gelişme, “kamu politikası yönetim konseyleri” oluşumudur. Özel sektör sermayeli ve çok uluslu şirketler ve basın yayın kuruluşları da son yıllarda kamu politikası sürecine etkin bir şekilde dahil olan diğer politika aktörleridir. Bu gelişmeler doğrultusunda ise Brezilya’da kamu politikaları süreci daha şeffaf, hesapverebilir ve katılımcı bir sistem çerçevesinde yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, Brezilya federal devlet yönetiminin temel niteliklerini ve kamu politikası yapım sürecinde yer alan aktörleri analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brezilya, kamu politikası, yönetişim, dönüşüm

A Study on the Brazilian Federal Government and Public Policy

Öz

With the democracy that followed the military regime that ended in 1985, the state administration and public policy process in Brazil have changed. The official transition to a fully democratic government in Brazil took place with the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, and in addition to the intensification of decentralization in public administration, structural organizations were established that paved the way for the participation of non-state actors in the formulation and management of public policies. In this context, the most significant improvement is the formation of “public policy management councils”. Private sector and multinational companies and media organizations are other policy actors that have been actively involved in the public policy process in recent years.
In line with these developments, the public policy process in Brazil has been rearranged within the framework of a more transparent, accountable, and participatory system. This study aims to analyze the main characteristics of the Brazilian federal government and the actors that involve the public policy-making process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brazil, Public Policy, Governance, Transformation

Kaynakça

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