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A Sentiment Analysis of Emergency Online Special Education after COVID Mass Vaccinations Started

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 66 - 81
https://doi.org/10.69485/tseji.1425263

Öz

This study examined people’s sentiments toward emergency online special education after mass vaccinations became available to determine whether people had positive, negative, or neutral sentiments towards emergency online special education. The results revealed that most tweets were positive and focused on special needs and special education during emergency online special education. Specifically, most tweets focused on special education, and they included a positive content with average daily sentiment scores never getting smaller than zero. Similarly, special need and special education turned out to be the most frequent expressions used, and topic modeling indicated that target tweets’ content focused on the needs of students with special exceptionalities. All these findings suggest that emergency online special education can be a viable alternative during times of crisis and availability of vaccinations at a larger scale may help to create a positive atmosphere thereby informing teacher education and special education research and practice.

Kaynakça

  • Alhuzimi, T. (2021). Stress and emotional wellbeing of parents due to change in routine for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at home during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 108, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103822
  • Asbury, K., Fox, L., Deniz, E., Code, A., & Toseeb, U. (2020). How is COVID-19 affecting the mental health of children with special education needs and disabilities and their families. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04577-2
  • Banks, L. M., Davey, C., Shakespeare, T., & Kuper, H. (2021). Disability-inclusive responses to COVID-19: Lessons learnt from research on social protection in low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 137, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105178
  • Basham, J. D., Carter Jr., R. A., Rice, M. F., & Ortiz, K. (2016). Emerging state policy in online special education. Journal of Special Education Leadership, 29(2), 70–78. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1118526.pdf
  • Blei, D. M., Ng, A. Y., & Jordan, M. I. (2003). Latent dirichlet allocation. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, 993-1022. https://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume3/blei03a/blei03a.pdf
  • Bornert-Ringleb, M., Casale, G., & Hillenbrand, C. (2021). What predicts teachers’ use of digital learning in Germany? Examining the obstacles and conditions of digital learning in special education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2021.1872847
  • Carver, L. & Rowe, A. (2021, January 23). Students with disabilities and learning online in a pandemic. https://www.interdisciplinaryinsights.org/article/18943.pdf
  • Caskurlu, S., Ayvaz. S., & Kozan, K. (2023). Sentiments towards emergency remote teaching on Twitter: A longitudinal comparative sentiment analysis. Research on Education and Psychology (REP), 7, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1206924
  • Catalano, A. J., Torff, B., & Anderson, K. S. (2021). Transitioning to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: differences in access and participation among students in disadvantaged school districts. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 38(2), 258-270. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-06-2020-0111
  • Chuang, J., Manning, C. D., & Heer, J. (2012). Termite: Visualization techniques for assessing textual topic models. Proceedings of the international working conference on advanced visual interfaces, (pp. 74-77). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2254556.2254572
  • Deerwester, S., Dumais, S. T., Furnas, G. W., Landauer, T. K., & Harshman, R. (1990). Indexing by latent semantic analysis. Journal of the American society for information science, 41(6), 391-407. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199009)41:6<391::AID-ASI1>3.0.CO;2-9
  • Dukes, D., Van Herwegen, J., Alessandri, M., Alnemary, F., Rad, J. A., Lavenex, P. B., Bolshakov, N., Bolte, S., Buffle, P., Cai, R. Y., Campos, R., Chirita, A., Costa, A. P., Costanzo, F., di Poi, G., Des Portes, V., Faivre, L., Famelart, N., Fisher, M., … Samson, A. C. (2021, February 16). Introducing the COVID-19 crisis special education needs coping survey. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rtswa
  • Embregts, P. J. C. M., Tournier, T., & Frielink, N. (2020). Experiences and needs of direct support staff working with people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: A thematic analysis. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12812
  • Embregts, P. J. C. M., van den Bogaard, K. J. H. M., Frielink, N., Voermans, M. A. C., Thalen, M., Jahoda, A. (2020). A thematic analysis into the experiences of people with a mild intellectual disability during the COVID-19 lockdown period. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2020.1827214
  • Ewing, L-A., & Cooper, H. B. (2021). Technology-enabled remote learning during COVID-19: Perspectives of Australian teachers, students, and parents. Technology, Pedagogy, and Education, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2020.1868562
  • Gokbulut, O. D., Gokbulut, B., & Yeniasir, M. (2021). The impact of pandemic process on special education in Cyprus: Family counseling and distance education process. Laplage Em Revista (International), 7(2), 364-384. https://doi.org/10.24115/S2446-6220202172749p.364-384
  • Gonzales, A. L., Calarco, J. M., & Lynch, T. (2020). Technology problems and student achievement gaps: A validation and extension of the technology maintenance construct. Communication Research, 47(5), 750-770. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093650218796366
  • Grindle, C., Tyler, E., Murray, C., Hastings, R. P., Lovell, M. (2019). Parent-mediated online reading intervention for children with down syndrome. Support for Learning, 34(2), 211– 230. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9604.12249 Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020, March 27). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. EDUCAUSE Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning
  • Hofmann, T. (1999). Probabilistic latent semantic indexing. Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, (pp. 50-57). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/312624.312649
  • Iovino, E. A., Caemmerer, J., & Chafouleas, S. M. (2021). Psychological distress and burden among family caregivers of children with and without developmental disabilities six months into the COVID-19 pandemic. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 114, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103983
  • Kim, J. Y. & Fienup, D. M. (2021). Increasing access to online learning for students with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Special Education, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466921998067
  • Lebrasseur, A., Fortin-Bedard, N., Lettre, J., Bussieres, E.-L., Best, K., Bourcher, N., Hotton, M., Beaulieu-Bonneau, Mercier, C., Lamontagne, M.-E, & Routhier, F. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on people with physical disabilities: A rapid review. Disability and Health Journal, 14, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101014
  • McFayden, T. C., Breaux, R., Bertollo, J. R., Cummings, K., & Ollendick, T. H. (2021). COVID-19 remote learning experiences of youth with neurodevelopmental disorders in rural appalachia. Journal of Rural Mental Health, 45(2), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.1037/rmh0000171
  • Means, B., Neisler, J., & Langer Research Associates. (2020). Suddenly online: A national survey of undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital Promise. https://digitalpromise.org/wp-content /uploads/ 2020/ 07/ ELE_CoBrand_DP_FINAL_3.pdf
  • Montanari, M., Santos, M. A., Third, A., Pellegrini, C., Prasauskiene, A., Lariccia, S., Grammatikou, M., & Pantazatos, D. (2021). Digital learning for students with disabilities in primary school: From the management of the pandemic emergency situation towards a new normality. INTED2021 Proceedings, (pp. 5429-5435). http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.1104
  • Navas, P., Amor, A. M., Crespo, M., Wolowiec, Z., & Verdugo, M. A. (2021). Supports for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic from their own perspective. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 108, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103813
  • Nazli, A. K., Kocaomer, C., Besbudak, M., & Koker, N. E. (2021). Understanding the initial reactions of Turkish Twitter users during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 11(1), 20-41. http://www.tojdac.org/tojdac/VOLUME11-ISSUE1_files/tojdac_v011i1102.pdf
  • Ozturk, N., & Ayvaz, S., (2018). Sentiment analysis on Twitter: A text mining approach to the Syrian refugee crisis. Telematics and Informatics, 35(1), 136-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.10.006
  • Parmigiani, D., Benigno, V., Giusto, M., Silvaggio, C. & Sperandio, S. (2020). E-inclusion: online special education in Italy during the Covid-19 pandemic. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2020.1856714
  • Paulauskaite, L., Farris, O., Spencer, H. M., EPICC-ID group, & Hassiotis, A. (2021). My son can’t socially distance or wear a mask: How families of preschool children with severe developmental delays and challenging behavior experienced the COVID-10 pandemic. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315864.2021.1874578
  • Peñarrubia-Lozano, C., Segura-Berges, M., Lizalde-Gil, M., & Bustamante, J. C. (2021). A qualitative analysis of implementing e-learning during the COVID-19 lockdown. Sustainability, 13, 3317. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063317
  • Rehurek, R., & Sojka, P. (2010). Software framework for topic modelling with large corpora. Proceedings of the LREC 2010 workshop on new challenges for NLP frameworks, (pp. 46-50). https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2393.1847
  • Rice, M. F., & Carter Jr., R. A. (2016). Online teacher work to support self-regulation of learning in students with disabilities at a fully online state virtual school. Online Learning, 20(4), 118–135. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1124643.pdf
  • Richardson, J. T. E. (2010). Course completion and attainment in disabled students taking courses with the Open University UK. Open Learning, 25(2), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680511003787263
  • Richardson, J. T. E. (2017). Academic attainment in students with autism spectrum disorders in distance education. Open Learning, 32(1), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2016.1272446
  • Riggleman, S. (2020). Using data collection applications in early childhood settings to support behavior change. Journal of Special Education Technology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162643420942763
  • Sider, S. R. (2020). School principles and students with special education needs in a pandemic: Emerging insights from Ontario, Canada. ISEA, 48(2), 78-84. https://www.thecommonwealth-educationhub.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ISEA-2020-482.pdf#page=84
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  • Tremmel, P., Myers, R., Brunow, D. A., & Hott, B. L. (2020). Educating students with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from commerce independent school district. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 39(4), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870520958114
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Acil Uzaktan Özel Eğitimin Kovid Kitlesel Aşıları Başladıktan Sonra Yapılan Bir Duyarlılık Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 66 - 81
https://doi.org/10.69485/tseji.1425263

Öz

Bu çalışma kişilerin acil uzaktan özel eğitime yönelik duyarlılıklarını kovid kitlesel aşıları başladıktan sonra incelemiştir ki amacı kişilerin bu duyarlılıklarının pozitif, negatif ya da nötr olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Sonuçlar incelenen Twitter paylaşımlarının çoğunun pozitif olduğunu ve özel gereksinimler ile özel eğitime odaklandıklarını göstermiştir. Özellikle özel eğitime odaklanan çoğu paylaşımın içerikleri pozitif bulunmuştur ve bunların günlük ortalama duyarlılık puanları hiçbir zaman sıfırın altına inmemiştir. Benzer şekilde, özel gereksinim ve özel eğitim, paylaşımlarda en sık geçen konular olmuştur ve konu modellemesi de paylaşımların içeriklerinin özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin ihtiyaçlarına odaklandığını göstermiştir. Öğretmen eğitimi ile özel eğitim araştırma ve uygulamalarıyla ilintili olarak, bütün bu bulgular göstermektedir ki acil uzaktan özel eğitim kriz dönemlerinde uygun bir seçenek olabilir ve kitlesel aşı uygulamaları pozitif bir atmosferin oluşmasına katkıda bulunabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Alhuzimi, T. (2021). Stress and emotional wellbeing of parents due to change in routine for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at home during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 108, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103822
  • Asbury, K., Fox, L., Deniz, E., Code, A., & Toseeb, U. (2020). How is COVID-19 affecting the mental health of children with special education needs and disabilities and their families. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04577-2
  • Banks, L. M., Davey, C., Shakespeare, T., & Kuper, H. (2021). Disability-inclusive responses to COVID-19: Lessons learnt from research on social protection in low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 137, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105178
  • Basham, J. D., Carter Jr., R. A., Rice, M. F., & Ortiz, K. (2016). Emerging state policy in online special education. Journal of Special Education Leadership, 29(2), 70–78. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1118526.pdf
  • Blei, D. M., Ng, A. Y., & Jordan, M. I. (2003). Latent dirichlet allocation. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, 993-1022. https://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume3/blei03a/blei03a.pdf
  • Bornert-Ringleb, M., Casale, G., & Hillenbrand, C. (2021). What predicts teachers’ use of digital learning in Germany? Examining the obstacles and conditions of digital learning in special education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2021.1872847
  • Carver, L. & Rowe, A. (2021, January 23). Students with disabilities and learning online in a pandemic. https://www.interdisciplinaryinsights.org/article/18943.pdf
  • Caskurlu, S., Ayvaz. S., & Kozan, K. (2023). Sentiments towards emergency remote teaching on Twitter: A longitudinal comparative sentiment analysis. Research on Education and Psychology (REP), 7, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1206924
  • Catalano, A. J., Torff, B., & Anderson, K. S. (2021). Transitioning to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: differences in access and participation among students in disadvantaged school districts. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 38(2), 258-270. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-06-2020-0111
  • Chuang, J., Manning, C. D., & Heer, J. (2012). Termite: Visualization techniques for assessing textual topic models. Proceedings of the international working conference on advanced visual interfaces, (pp. 74-77). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2254556.2254572
  • Deerwester, S., Dumais, S. T., Furnas, G. W., Landauer, T. K., & Harshman, R. (1990). Indexing by latent semantic analysis. Journal of the American society for information science, 41(6), 391-407. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199009)41:6<391::AID-ASI1>3.0.CO;2-9
  • Dukes, D., Van Herwegen, J., Alessandri, M., Alnemary, F., Rad, J. A., Lavenex, P. B., Bolshakov, N., Bolte, S., Buffle, P., Cai, R. Y., Campos, R., Chirita, A., Costa, A. P., Costanzo, F., di Poi, G., Des Portes, V., Faivre, L., Famelart, N., Fisher, M., … Samson, A. C. (2021, February 16). Introducing the COVID-19 crisis special education needs coping survey. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rtswa
  • Embregts, P. J. C. M., Tournier, T., & Frielink, N. (2020). Experiences and needs of direct support staff working with people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: A thematic analysis. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12812
  • Embregts, P. J. C. M., van den Bogaard, K. J. H. M., Frielink, N., Voermans, M. A. C., Thalen, M., Jahoda, A. (2020). A thematic analysis into the experiences of people with a mild intellectual disability during the COVID-19 lockdown period. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2020.1827214
  • Ewing, L-A., & Cooper, H. B. (2021). Technology-enabled remote learning during COVID-19: Perspectives of Australian teachers, students, and parents. Technology, Pedagogy, and Education, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2020.1868562
  • Gokbulut, O. D., Gokbulut, B., & Yeniasir, M. (2021). The impact of pandemic process on special education in Cyprus: Family counseling and distance education process. Laplage Em Revista (International), 7(2), 364-384. https://doi.org/10.24115/S2446-6220202172749p.364-384
  • Gonzales, A. L., Calarco, J. M., & Lynch, T. (2020). Technology problems and student achievement gaps: A validation and extension of the technology maintenance construct. Communication Research, 47(5), 750-770. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093650218796366
  • Grindle, C., Tyler, E., Murray, C., Hastings, R. P., Lovell, M. (2019). Parent-mediated online reading intervention for children with down syndrome. Support for Learning, 34(2), 211– 230. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9604.12249 Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020, March 27). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. EDUCAUSE Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning
  • Hofmann, T. (1999). Probabilistic latent semantic indexing. Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, (pp. 50-57). https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/312624.312649
  • Iovino, E. A., Caemmerer, J., & Chafouleas, S. M. (2021). Psychological distress and burden among family caregivers of children with and without developmental disabilities six months into the COVID-19 pandemic. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 114, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103983
  • Kim, J. Y. & Fienup, D. M. (2021). Increasing access to online learning for students with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Special Education, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466921998067
  • Lebrasseur, A., Fortin-Bedard, N., Lettre, J., Bussieres, E.-L., Best, K., Bourcher, N., Hotton, M., Beaulieu-Bonneau, Mercier, C., Lamontagne, M.-E, & Routhier, F. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on people with physical disabilities: A rapid review. Disability and Health Journal, 14, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101014
  • McFayden, T. C., Breaux, R., Bertollo, J. R., Cummings, K., & Ollendick, T. H. (2021). COVID-19 remote learning experiences of youth with neurodevelopmental disorders in rural appalachia. Journal of Rural Mental Health, 45(2), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.1037/rmh0000171
  • Means, B., Neisler, J., & Langer Research Associates. (2020). Suddenly online: A national survey of undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital Promise. https://digitalpromise.org/wp-content /uploads/ 2020/ 07/ ELE_CoBrand_DP_FINAL_3.pdf
  • Montanari, M., Santos, M. A., Third, A., Pellegrini, C., Prasauskiene, A., Lariccia, S., Grammatikou, M., & Pantazatos, D. (2021). Digital learning for students with disabilities in primary school: From the management of the pandemic emergency situation towards a new normality. INTED2021 Proceedings, (pp. 5429-5435). http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.1104
  • Navas, P., Amor, A. M., Crespo, M., Wolowiec, Z., & Verdugo, M. A. (2021). Supports for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic from their own perspective. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 108, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103813
  • Nazli, A. K., Kocaomer, C., Besbudak, M., & Koker, N. E. (2021). Understanding the initial reactions of Turkish Twitter users during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 11(1), 20-41. http://www.tojdac.org/tojdac/VOLUME11-ISSUE1_files/tojdac_v011i1102.pdf
  • Ozturk, N., & Ayvaz, S., (2018). Sentiment analysis on Twitter: A text mining approach to the Syrian refugee crisis. Telematics and Informatics, 35(1), 136-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.10.006
  • Parmigiani, D., Benigno, V., Giusto, M., Silvaggio, C. & Sperandio, S. (2020). E-inclusion: online special education in Italy during the Covid-19 pandemic. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2020.1856714
  • Paulauskaite, L., Farris, O., Spencer, H. M., EPICC-ID group, & Hassiotis, A. (2021). My son can’t socially distance or wear a mask: How families of preschool children with severe developmental delays and challenging behavior experienced the COVID-10 pandemic. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315864.2021.1874578
  • Peñarrubia-Lozano, C., Segura-Berges, M., Lizalde-Gil, M., & Bustamante, J. C. (2021). A qualitative analysis of implementing e-learning during the COVID-19 lockdown. Sustainability, 13, 3317. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063317
  • Rehurek, R., & Sojka, P. (2010). Software framework for topic modelling with large corpora. Proceedings of the LREC 2010 workshop on new challenges for NLP frameworks, (pp. 46-50). https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2393.1847
  • Rice, M. F., & Carter Jr., R. A. (2016). Online teacher work to support self-regulation of learning in students with disabilities at a fully online state virtual school. Online Learning, 20(4), 118–135. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1124643.pdf
  • Richardson, J. T. E. (2010). Course completion and attainment in disabled students taking courses with the Open University UK. Open Learning, 25(2), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680511003787263
  • Richardson, J. T. E. (2017). Academic attainment in students with autism spectrum disorders in distance education. Open Learning, 32(1), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2016.1272446
  • Riggleman, S. (2020). Using data collection applications in early childhood settings to support behavior change. Journal of Special Education Technology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162643420942763
  • Sider, S. R. (2020). School principles and students with special education needs in a pandemic: Emerging insights from Ontario, Canada. ISEA, 48(2), 78-84. https://www.thecommonwealth-educationhub.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ISEA-2020-482.pdf#page=84
  • Sievert, C., & Shirley, K. (2014). LDAvis: A method for visualizing and interpreting topics. Proceedings of the workshop on interactive language learning, visualization, and interfaces, (pp. 63-70). https://nlp.stanford.edu/events/illvi2014/papers/sievert-illvi2014.pdf
  • Silge, J., & Robinson, D. (2017). Text mining with R: A tidy approach. O'Reilly Media, Inc. https://www.tidytextmining.com/
  • Smith, C. (2020). Challenges and opportunities for teaching students with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Education, 5(1), 167-173. https://doi.org/10.32674/jimphe.v5i1.2619
  • Smith, E. M., MacLachlan, M., Ebuenyi, I. D., Holloway, C., & Austin, V. (2020). Developing inclusive and resilient systems: COVID-19 and assistive technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2020.1829558
  • Smith, S. J., Basham, J., Rice, M. F., & Carter, R. A. (2016). Preparing special educators for the K–12 online learning environment: a survey of teacher educators. Journal of Special Education Technology, 31(3), 170-178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162643416660834
  • The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. (2020). Learning never stops – tell UNESCO how you are coping with COVID-19 school closures. https://en.unesco.org/news/learning-never-stops-tell-unesco-how-you-are-coping- covid-19-school-closures-0
  • Tremmel, P., Myers, R., Brunow, D. A., & Hott, B. L. (2020). Educating students with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from commerce independent school district. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 39(4), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870520958114
  • Tsapanou, A., Papatriantafyllou, J., D., Yiannopoulou, K., Sali, D., Kalligerou, F., Ntanasi, E., Zoi, P., Margioti, E., Kamtsadeli, V., Hatzopoulou, M., Koustimpi, M., Zagka, A., Papageorgiou, S., G., & Sakka, P. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on people with mild cognitive impairment/dementia and on their caregivers. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5457
  • Willner, P., Rose, J., Kroese, B. S., Murphy, G. H., Langdon, P. E., Clifford, C., Hutchings, H., Watkins, A., Hiles, S., & Copper, V. (2020). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of carers of people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33, 1523-1533. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12811
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Disability considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1277373/retrieve
  • Yarimkaya, E., & Esenturk, O. K. (2020). Promoting physical activity for children with autism spectrum disorders during Coronavirus outbreak: benefits, strategies, and examples. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2020.1756115
  • Yazcayir, G., & Gurgur, H. (2021). Students with special needs in digital classrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Pedagogical Research, 6(1), em0088. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/9356
  • Zaagsma, M., Volkers, K. M., Swart, E. A. K., Schippers, A. P., & Van Hove, G. (2020). The use of online support by people with intellectual disabilities living independently during COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12770
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Özel Eğitim ve Engelli Eğitimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Kadir Kozan 0000-0002-8241-5597

Serkan Ayvaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2016-4443

Kharon Grimmet 0000-0003-4842-4630

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 17 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 14 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kozan, K., Ayvaz, S., & Grimmet, K. (2024). A Sentiment Analysis of Emergency Online Special Education after COVID Mass Vaccinations Started. Turkish Special Education Journal: International, 6(1), 66-81. https://doi.org/10.69485/tseji.1425263
AMA Kozan K, Ayvaz S, Grimmet K. A Sentiment Analysis of Emergency Online Special Education after COVID Mass Vaccinations Started. Turkish Special Education Journal: International. Ağustos 2024;6(1):66-81. doi:10.69485/tseji.1425263
Chicago Kozan, Kadir, Serkan Ayvaz, ve Kharon Grimmet. “A Sentiment Analysis of Emergency Online Special Education After COVID Mass Vaccinations Started”. Turkish Special Education Journal: International 6, sy. 1 (Ağustos 2024): 66-81. https://doi.org/10.69485/tseji.1425263.
EndNote Kozan K, Ayvaz S, Grimmet K (01 Ağustos 2024) A Sentiment Analysis of Emergency Online Special Education after COVID Mass Vaccinations Started. Turkish Special Education Journal: International 6 1 66–81.
IEEE K. Kozan, S. Ayvaz, ve K. Grimmet, “A Sentiment Analysis of Emergency Online Special Education after COVID Mass Vaccinations Started”, Turkish Special Education Journal: International, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 66–81, 2024, doi: 10.69485/tseji.1425263.
ISNAD Kozan, Kadir vd. “A Sentiment Analysis of Emergency Online Special Education After COVID Mass Vaccinations Started”. Turkish Special Education Journal: International 6/1 (Ağustos 2024), 66-81. https://doi.org/10.69485/tseji.1425263.
JAMA Kozan K, Ayvaz S, Grimmet K. A Sentiment Analysis of Emergency Online Special Education after COVID Mass Vaccinations Started. Turkish Special Education Journal: International. 2024;6:66–81.
MLA Kozan, Kadir vd. “A Sentiment Analysis of Emergency Online Special Education After COVID Mass Vaccinations Started”. Turkish Special Education Journal: International, c. 6, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 66-81, doi:10.69485/tseji.1425263.
Vancouver Kozan K, Ayvaz S, Grimmet K. A Sentiment Analysis of Emergency Online Special Education after COVID Mass Vaccinations Started. Turkish Special Education Journal: International. 2024;6(1):66-81.