Uluslararası Göçün Sağlık Statüsüne Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Uzun yıllardır gerçekleşen uluslararası göç hareketi sonucunda göçmenlerin göç ettikleri ülkede sağlık hizmetlerine ulaşmalarındaki güçlükler, ekonomik zorluklar, dil problemleri vb. yaşamaları göçmenlerin sağlık statülerinin kötüleşmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu durum aynı zamanda göç edilen yerlerin sağlık statüsünde değişiklikler meydana getirebilmektedir. Bu anlamda bu çalışmada dünya genelinde en fazla göç alan ülkelerde göçün sağlık statüsüne etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için ülkelerin göçmen sayıları, göçmenler içindeki kadınların oranı, 65 yaş ve üzeri nüfusun oranı (bağımsız değişkenler), doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi ve bebek ölüm hızı (bağımlı değişkenler) verilerine ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan veriler En Küçük Kareler (EKK) regresyon analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Bu kapsamda iki farklı model oluşturulmuştur. Birinci modele göre, tüm bağımsız değişkenlerin sağlık statüsü üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. İkinci modele göre ise, göçmen sayıları ve göçmenler içindeki kadınların oranının sağlık statüsü üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Göçmenlerin ülkelerin sağlık statüsünü etkileyebileceği göz önüne alınarak ulusal ve uluslararası anlamda önlemler alınıp sağlık statüsünü geliştirici faaliyetler hayata geçirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• uluslararası göç,
• doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi,
• bebek ölüm hızı,

Examination of the Impact of International Migration on Health Status

Öz

As a result of the international migration movement that has occurred for many years, migrants face with difficulties in accessing to health services, economic difficulties, language problems, etc. in the country where the migrants migrated to. Therefore, it causes the migrants' health status to deteriorate. This situation may also cause changes in the health status of the migrated countries. In this sense, this study aimed to examine the effect of migration on health status in countries allowing the highest number of migrants worldwide. To achieve this aim, data on the number of migrants, the proportion of women among total migrants, the proportion of 65 and over population among total migrants (independent variables), life expectancy at birth, and infant mortality rate (dependent variables) were reached in the countries. The data reached were subjected to Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis. In this context, two different models were established. According to the first model, all independent variables were found to had a statistically significant effect on health status. According to the second model, it was found that the number of migrants and the proportion of women among total migrants had a statistically significant effect on health status. Considering that migrants may affect the health status of countries, efforts can be taken to improve health status by taking measures nationally and internationally.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• international migration,
• life expectancy at birth,
• infant mortality,

Kaynakça

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