COVID-19 Salgınının Türkiye’de Tıbbi Sosyal Çalışma Uygulamalarına Yansıması

Öz

COVID-19 salgını, tıbbi sosyal çalışma açısından daha önce bir benzeri görülmemiş, alışılmadık birçok zorlukla baş etmeyi gerektiren dinamik bir alan yaratmıştır. Bu anlamda çalışma, Türkiye’de COVID-19 salgının tıbbi sosyal çalışma uygulaması üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Derinlemesine görüşmelere dayanan ve örnek olay çalışması kullanılan araştırmada kartopu örnekleme yöntemiyle 15 tıbbi sosyal çalışmacı ile görüşülmüştür. 3 Temmuz-20 Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerin tamamı çevrimiçi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların onayı ile kaydedilen görüşmeler, ardından aslına uygun olarak yazıya dökülmüştür. Bulgular, COVID-19’un yönetiminde karşılaşılan zorlukları, katılımcıların rutinleri- değişen rutinleri, kaynaklarını, COVID-19’la mücadelenin sosyal çalışma müdahaleleri üzerindeki etkisini; müdahalelerinin kapsamını, katılımcılara COVID-19’un yansımalarını–öz farkındalıklarını ve anlam arayışını, hizmet içi eğitimin içeriğine ilişkindir. Özellikle tıbbi sosyal çalışma uygulamasıyla ilgili olsa da, salgının yarattığı kriz ve travmalar, bulguların hem tıbbi sosyal çalışmaya hem de başka alanlara uygulanabilirliği ima eder. Çalışma, salgın sırasında kanıta dayalı bir çalışma olduğundan, acil durumlarda gelecekteki uygulamalar için dersler çıkarma ve acil eylem planlar hazırlamada rehberlik edicidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19 salgını
• tıbbi sosyal çalışma
• kanıta dayalı çalışma
• örnek olay çalışması

The Pandemic: Reflections on Medical Social Work Practices in Turkey

Öz

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced a dynamic ground for medical social work that requires tackling unprecedented and unusual challenges. In this sense, the present study explored the impacts of the pandemic on medical social work practices in Turkey. Utilizing the snowball sampling technique, we performed in-depth interviews with fifteen medical social workers in the study employing a case study design. All the interviews, recorded upon the participants’ consent, were held online between July 3 and July 20, 2021 and then transcribed. The findings highlighted challenges in managing the pandemic, participants’ routines/changing routines, their resources, the impact of combating COVID-19 on social work interventions, the scope of the interventions, the reflections of the pandemic on the participants’ self-awareness and search for meaning, and the content of in-service training. While particularly relevant to medical social work practices, the pandemic-induced crises and traumas implied the applicability of the findings to both medical social work and other fields. As the research was an evidence-based study during the pandemic, it may help draw lessons for further practices and prepare contingency plans in emergencies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19 pandemic
• medical social work
• evidence-based study

Kaynakça

1. Referans1 Aca, Z. (2021). Pandemic: A Crisis for Social Work. Özsungur, F. (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Policies, Protocols, and Practices for Social Work in the Digital World içinde (s. 189-210). IGI Global. http://doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7772-1.ch011.
2. Referans2 Amadasun, S. (2020). Social Work and COVID-19 Pandemic: An Action Call. International Social Work, 63(6), 753-756.
3. Referans3 BASW (2020). Voices of Social Workers through BASW Covid-19 Survey Set Agenda for safety and Effective Practice During Pandemic. https://www.basw.co.uk/media/news/2020/mar/voices-social-workers-through-basw-covid-19-survey-set-agenda-safety-and. Erişim tarihi, 03.08.2021.
4. Referans4 Boyd, E. ve Folke, C. (2012). Adapting Institutions: Governance, Complexity and Social-Ecological Resilience. Cambridge: University Press.
5. Referans5 Brinkerhoff, S. (2014). Careers With Character Social Worker. Broomall, PA19008: Mason Crest.
6. Referans6 Casey, A. (2020). Medical Social Work Teams: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic. https://irishsocialwork.wordpress.com/2020/05/05/medical-social-work-teams-the-impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic/. Erişim tarihi, 03.08.2021.
7. Referans7 Cheung, J. C. S. (2020). What Have Hospital Social Workers Been Prepared for COVID-19 from SARS, MERS, and H1N1?. Health & Social Work, 45(3), 211–214.
8. Referans8 Cooper, L., ve Briggs, L. (2014). Do We Need Specific Disaster Management Education for Social Work? Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 29 (4), 38–42. (23).

9. Referans9 Creswell, J.W. (2013). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Desenleri (Çev., Osman Birgin vd.,). (Gözden geçirilmiş 2. Baskı). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
10. Referans10 FAO (2020). Addressing Inequality in Times of COVID-19. Rome.
11. Referans11 Farkas, K. J. ve Romaniuk. J. R. (2020). Social Work, Ethics And Vulnerable Groups in the Time of Coronavirus And COVID-19. Society Register, 4(2), 67-82.
12. Referans12 Fisher, J. Languilaire, J. C., Lawthom, R., Nieuwenhuis,R., Petts, R. J., Runswick-Cole, K. ve Yerkes, M. A. (2020). Community, Work, and Family in Times of COVID-19. Community, Work & Family, 23(3), 247-252.
13. Referans13 Fraser, M. W., Lombardi, B. M., Wu, S., Zerden, L. D., Richman, E.L. ve Fraher, E.P. (2018). Integrated Primary Care and Social Work: A Systematic Review. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 9, 175–215.
14. Referans14 Gearing, R. E. ve Saini, M. ve McNeill, T. (2007). Experiences and implications of social workers practicing in a pediatric hospital environment affected by SARS. Health Soc Work, 32(1):17-27. doi: 10.1093/hsw/32.1.17.
15. Referans15 Gupta, A., Sodhi, J., Sherhar, B. R. ve Sharma, D. K. (2020). Medical Social Service Officers and their contribution in COVID-19 Pandemic. Indian Journal of Community Health, 32(3), 610-612.
16. Referans16 D.M. (2020). ‘It’s Really a Gift’: Israeli Hospitals Let Relatives Say Goodbye Up Close. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/20/world/middleeast/israel-hospitals-relatives-dying.html. Erişim tarihi, 10.08.2021.
17. Referans17 Harrikari, T., Romakkaniemi, M., Tiitinen, L. ve Ovaskainen, L. (2021). Pandemic and Social Work: Exploring Finnish Social Workers’ Experiences through a SWOT Analysis. The British Journal of Social Work, 51(5), 1644-1662.
18. Referans18 International Federation of Social Works (IFSW) (2020). Updated information of IFSW and COVID-19. Sage Publications. https://www.ifsw.org/updated-information-on-ifswand-the-COVID-19-virus/. Erişim tarihi, 03.08.2021.
19. Referans19 Maunder, R.,Hunter, J., Vincent, L., Bennett, J., Peladeau, N., Leszcz, M., Sadavoy, J., Verhaeghe, L.M., Steinberg, R. ve Mazzulli, R. (2003). The Immediate Psychological and Occupational Impact of the 2003 SARS Outbreak in a Teaching Hospital. Canadian Medical Association Journal,168(10), 1245-51.
20. Referans20 McGarry, S. (2020). Guidance for Medical Social Workers; Responding to Covid_19 Pandemic. Dublin: Irish Accosation of Social Workers.
21. Referans21 Montero, A. L. (2021). Social services and Covid19: Supporting the Frontline. https://www.esn-eu.org/news/social-services-and-covid19-supporting-frontline. Erişim tarihi, 02.08.2021.
22. Referans22 Musa, J. T., Ajayi, O. ve Kemp, L. (2020). Examining Social Determinants of Health,Stigma, and COVID-19 Disparities. Healthcare, 8 (168), 1-7, doi:10.3390/healthcare8020168.
23. Referans23 Okafor, A. (2021) Role of the Social Worker in the Outbreak of Pandemics (A case of COVID-19). Cogent Psychology, 8(1), 1-7.
24. Referans24 PSW (2020). The PCFSW COVID-19 Ethical Response and Best Practice Guide For Children and Families Services. https://www.skillsforcare.org.uk/Documents/Learning-and-development/social-work/psw/COVID-19-PSW-Ethical-Response-and-Best-Practice-Guide.pdf. Erişim tarihi, 02.08.2021.
25. Referans25 Punch, K.F. (2014). Sosyal Araştırmaya Giriş: Nicel ve Nitel Yaklaşımlar (Çev. Dursun Bayrak vd.). (2. Baskı). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
26. Referans26 Rafterya, C., Lewis ve , Cardonaa, M. (2020). The Crucial Role of Nurses and Social Workers in Initiating End-of-Life Communication to Reduce Overtreatment in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Gerontology, 66, 427–430.
27. Referans27 Rezaeia, F., Maracy, M. R., Yarmohammadian, M. H. ve Keyvanara, M. (2020). How can Community-Based Health Organisations Play a Role in Biohazards? A thematic Analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 30(1), 47-61.
28. Referans28 Rosoff, P. M. (2008). The Ethics of Care: Social Workers in an Influenza Pandemic. Social Work in Health Care, 47(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/.
29. Referans29 Ross, A. M., Schneider, S., Muneton-Castano, Y. F., Caldas, A. A. ve Roskey, E. R. (2121). You Never Stop Being a Social Worker:” Experiences of Pediatric Hospital Social Workers During the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Social Work in Health Care, 6(1), 8-29.
30. Referans30 Rowlands, A. (2007). Medical Social Work Practice and SARS in Singapore. Social Work in Health Care, 45(3): 57-83.
31. Referans31 Roy, S. ve Kaur, N. (2010). Issues and Challenges With COVID-19: Interventions through Social Work Practice and Perspectives. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, 17(2), 85-99.
32. Referans32 Sama, G. R., Matulic, V., Munté-Pascual, A. ve Vicente, I. (2020). Social Work during the COVID-19 Crisis: Responding to Urgent Social Needs, Sustainability, 12 (20), 1-16.
33. Referans33 Tan, N.T. (2004). Crisis Theory and SARS: Singapore’s Management of the Epidemic. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 14(1), 7-17.
34. Referans34 Tan, N.T. (2004a). Social and Community Response to the SARS Epidemic: The Singapore Response. Joumal of Youth Studies, 7(1), 97-105.
35. Referans35 Truell, R. (2020). Covid 19-The Struggle, Success, And Expansion of Social Work. IFSW.
36. Referans36 Truell, R. ve Crompton, S. (2020). To the top of the cliff How Social Work Changed With COVID-19, Switzerland: IFSW.
37. Referans37 Vishal, M.V. (2021). Medical Social Work Practice during Covid-19: An Introspective Analysis by a Medical Social Worker from India. https://www.ifsw.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Medical-Social-Work-Practice-during-Covid-by-Dr.-Vishal-M.V.pdf. Erişim tarihi, 02.08.2021.
38. Referans38 Vo, C. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 for Social Work in the Intensive Care Unit, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales. Australian Social Work, 74(1), 125-126.
39. Referans39 Walter-McCabe, H. A. (2020). Coronavirus Pandemic Calls for an Immediate Social Work Response. Social Work in Public Health, 35(3), 69–72.
40. Referans40 Whitten, D. (2020). COVID-19 and the Social Work Response — The Need for Long-Term Solutions. https://www.socialworktoday.com/news/enews_0520_1.shtml. Erişim tarihi, 10.08.2021.
41. Referans41 WHO (2020). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020, https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Erişim tarihi, 03.08.2021.
42. Referans42 Wilson, E., Jackson, K., Shannon, A. (2021). Perinatal Social Work during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Reflecting on Concepts of Time and Liminality. Qualitative Social Work, 20(1-2), 443-448.
43. Referans43 Yıldırım, A. Ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (11. Baskı). Ankara:Seçkin.
44. Referans44 Yunus A. R., Fahridun, A. ve Sipon, S. (2002). Crisis Intervention Strategies in Counseling. Fahridun, A. ve Baco, B. S. (Ed.), Kerja Sosial & Psikologi: Isu-Isu Terpilih içinde (s. 123-129). Malay: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
45. Referans45 Zastrow, C. (2015). Sosyal Hizmete Giriş. (Çev., Aslıhan Aykara vd.,). (3. Baskı). Ankara: Nika.