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SİLAHLI KUVVETLERDE SOSYAL HİZMETİN ÖNEMİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 131 - 151, 27.01.2017

Bülent Şen

Öz

Orduda sosyal hizmet; özel
koşullar ve kurallar altında yaşayan rütbeli-rütbesiz askerlerin ve ailelerinin
yaşadıkları koşul ve ortamlarından doğan sorunlarının giderilmesi, ruhsal
baskılarının hafifletilmesi, toplumsal gereksinimlerinin askerlik ortamında
karşılanması vb. gibi sosyal hizmetlerin verilmesine yönlendirilmiş sosyal
çalışma olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu makalede; Orduda sosyal hizmeti kurumsal
olarak kendi bünyesine katan orduların önde gelenlerinden ABD Ordusunun askeri
sosyal hizmet uygulamalarının incelenerek Türk Ordusunda ki uygulamalarla
karşılaştırıp ihtiyaçların tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. ABD Ordusu Amerikan
İç Savaşından bu yana İspanyol-Amerikan, I. ve II. Dünya Savaşları, Kore,
Vietnam, Körfez savaşı ve Afganistan savaşlarını tecrübe etmiştir. İlk dört savaş
geniş cephelerde ve yıkımı fazla olan savaşlar olmuş, son üç savaş ise ön
cephesi olmayan, düşmanın hemen her yerde gerilla faaliyetleri ile ortaya
çıktığı, düşük yoğunluklu ve uzun süre devam eden savaşlar olmuşlardır.
Özellikle son üç savaşta askeri personel duygusal ve psikolojik olarak daha
büyük yaralar almış ve sonuçları psikolojik uyumsuzluklar, aile içi şiddet,
madde ve alkol bağımlılığı, intihar vakalarında ve cinsel suçlarda artış gibi
yeni sorun alanları yaratmıştır. Bugün bu sorunların çözümünde askeri sosyal
hizmet uzmanlarına Amerikan Ordusu çok güvenmekte ve istihdam alanlarını
artırmaktadır. Türkiye’nin Güneydoğusunda son 30 yıldır süren düşük yoğunluklu
çatışma ortamında görev yapan askeri personel ve onların ailelerinin duygusal
ve psikolojik sorunlarına askeri sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının destek olabileceği
değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal hizmet Askeri sosyal hizmet Sosyal hizmet Uzmanı Savaş ortamı Savaşa hazır ordu

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, A. M. (2002). Orduda sosyal hizmet. KHO Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 1, 97-107. http://www.kho.edu.tr/akademik/enstitu/savben_dergi/11/Makale4.pdf ve www.sosyalhizmetuzmani.org/ordudasosyalhizmet.doc
  • Atherton, S. (2009). Domesticating military masculinities: Home, performance and the negotiation of identity. Social & Cultural Geography, 10 (8). pp. 821-836
  • Barker, R.L. (1999). The social work dictionary. Washington DC: NASW Press. ss. 303, 304
  • Briggs, A. ve Atkinson, P. (2006). Adapting the model: Therapeutic work with children from army families. Journal of Social Work Practice 20 (1), pp. 51–67 DOI: 10.1080/02650530600565951
  • Cameron, P. (2011). Vets face shortage of therapists. Chicago Tribune. www.chicagotribune.com/health/ct-x-0720-vets-mental-health-20110720,0,66678.story
  • CSWE, (2010). Advanced social work practice in military social work. http://www.cswe.org/File.aspx?id=76078
  • Daley, J. (2000). Military social work practice in mental health programs. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss. 123-136.
  • Department of Veterans Affairs (2010). History of Veteran’s Administration social work. Washington, DC. http://www.socialwork.va.gov/about.asp
  • Department of Veterans Affairs (2011). Suicide prevention. Washington, DC.http://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/suicide_prevention/index.asp
  • Donnely, J. (2009). More troops lost to suicide. Congressional Quartely. http://www.congress.org/news/2009/11/25/risingmilitary_suicides?referrer=bk
  • Duyan, V. (2010). Sosyal Hizmet. Ankara: Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanları Derneği Yayını.
  • Hall, L.K. (2008). The importance of understanding military culture. In J. Beder (Ed.) Advances in Social Work Practice with The Military. NY: Routledge. ss. 5-12.
  • Harris, J. (2000). History of army social work. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss. 5, 16, 3-22.
  • Hassan, D. (1999). Embracing the diversity of military social work. Advances in Social Work 13(1). 5-7.
  • Hyun, J.K., Pavao J. ve Kimberling, R. (2009). Military sexual trauma. PTSD Research Quartely, 20, 1-8.
  • Guttmann, D. (2006) Ethics in social work- a context of caring, New York, The Haworth Press.
  • Jenkins, J. (2000). History of air force social work. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss.28, 27-48.
  • Kelly, V.A., Skelton, K., Meghna, P. Ve Bradley, B. (2011). More than military sexual trauma: Interpersonal violence, PTSD and mental health in women veterans. Research in Nursing & Health 34(6), 457-467.
  • Munson, C. (2000). Social work. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss. 87-98.
  • Nelson, J. (2000). Development and evoluiton of the family advocacy program in the department of defence. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss. 51-66.
  • Newsome, R. (2000). Military social work practice in substance abuse programs. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss. 91-106.
  • National Association of Social Workers (n.d.). Social work history. Washington, DC.
  • O’Keefe, D. (2009). Psychiatric social work. In Neuropsychiatry in World War II. Washington, Dc. http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/NeuropsychiatryinWWIIVolI/default.htm
  • Öztürk, A.B. (2009). Sosyal hizmet etiğinde farklı yaklaşımlar. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet 20 (1), 105.
  • Raiha, N. (2000). Medical social work in the U.S. armed forces. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss.107-122.
  • Ridenour, R.I. (1984). The military family. New York, NY: Guilford Press. ss. 147-166
  • Rubin, A., Weiss, E.L. ve Coll, J.E. (2013). Handbook of military social work. NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Schell, T. ve Tanielian, T. (2011). A needs assesment of New York State veterans. A final report to the New York State health foundation. http://www.rand.org/pubs/technicalreports/TR920.html
  • Şengör, C. A.M. (2006) Etiksiz bilim olur mu?, Cumhuriyet Gazetesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 1030, 18-20.
  • Tomanbay, İ. (1999). Sosyal çalışma sözlüğü. Ankara: Selvi Yayınevi.
  • Wertsch, M.E. (1991). Military brats: Legacies of childhood inside the fortress. New York: Harmony Books. s.17
  • 3713 Sayılı Terörle Mücadele Kanunu
  • 2330 Sayılı Nakdi Tazminat ve Aylık Bağlanması Hakkında Kanun
  • Resmî Gazete, Sayı: 28554, 2013 http://www.aile.gov.tr/haberler/sehit-yakinlarina-otv-muafiyeti www.ankara.aile.gov.tr http://www.haberler.com/sehit-ve-gazilik-unvani-kanundan-cikarilmis-7690545-haberi/ http://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/amedd-categories/medical-service-corps-jobs/social-worker.html
  • http://www.mehmetcik.org.tr/tr/hakkimizda/temel-gorevlerimiz
  • http://www.sehitgazider.org.tr/sehitgazihaklari
  • http://sehityakinlari.aile.gov.tr/hakkimizda/gorevlerimiz www.socialwork.va.gov.
  • http://sosyalhizmethaber.com/kurumlar/aspb/sosyal-hizmet-merkezi-sayisi-195e-yukseldi.html
  • http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/02/20130209-3.htm

Importance Of Social Work In The Armed Forces

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 131 - 151, 27.01.2017

Bülent Şen

Öz

The
military social service can be explained in terms of the social work that is
provided for the soldiers at all ranks and their families who are living under
special rules and conditions, and solving their problems, psychological
pressures and satisfying their needs in the military environment. US army is
the one of the leading militaries in the world which has institutionalized
social work into their system, and in this study their system has been
investigated and compared with the Turkish Military implementations to assess
the needs. US military has gone through the Civil War, Spanish-American War, 1st
and 2nd World Wars, Korean, Vietnam, Gulf and Afghanistan wars. The
first four had been on wide fronts with lots of losses, while the later ones
had been low intensity, without a define front, more guerilla fights in
everywhere which lasted long time. Especially on the last three the soldiers
had been more wounded psychologically and mentally which resulted in
psychological unrest, family abuse, substance addiction, suicide and rape
cases. Today US Army counts of the social workers to solve and remedy these
problems and keeping more professionals in its ranks. As such it is believed
that in the Turkish military which has been involved with low intensity
conflict for over 30 years, the social workers can be of help as well.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social work military social work social worker war situation military ready for war

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, A. M. (2002). Orduda sosyal hizmet. KHO Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 1, 97-107. http://www.kho.edu.tr/akademik/enstitu/savben_dergi/11/Makale4.pdf ve www.sosyalhizmetuzmani.org/ordudasosyalhizmet.doc
  • Atherton, S. (2009). Domesticating military masculinities: Home, performance and the negotiation of identity. Social & Cultural Geography, 10 (8). pp. 821-836
  • Barker, R.L. (1999). The social work dictionary. Washington DC: NASW Press. ss. 303, 304
  • Briggs, A. ve Atkinson, P. (2006). Adapting the model: Therapeutic work with children from army families. Journal of Social Work Practice 20 (1), pp. 51–67 DOI: 10.1080/02650530600565951
  • Cameron, P. (2011). Vets face shortage of therapists. Chicago Tribune. www.chicagotribune.com/health/ct-x-0720-vets-mental-health-20110720,0,66678.story
  • CSWE, (2010). Advanced social work practice in military social work. http://www.cswe.org/File.aspx?id=76078
  • Daley, J. (2000). Military social work practice in mental health programs. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss. 123-136.
  • Department of Veterans Affairs (2010). History of Veteran’s Administration social work. Washington, DC. http://www.socialwork.va.gov/about.asp
  • Department of Veterans Affairs (2011). Suicide prevention. Washington, DC.http://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/suicide_prevention/index.asp
  • Donnely, J. (2009). More troops lost to suicide. Congressional Quartely. http://www.congress.org/news/2009/11/25/risingmilitary_suicides?referrer=bk
  • Duyan, V. (2010). Sosyal Hizmet. Ankara: Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanları Derneği Yayını.
  • Hall, L.K. (2008). The importance of understanding military culture. In J. Beder (Ed.) Advances in Social Work Practice with The Military. NY: Routledge. ss. 5-12.
  • Harris, J. (2000). History of army social work. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss. 5, 16, 3-22.
  • Hassan, D. (1999). Embracing the diversity of military social work. Advances in Social Work 13(1). 5-7.
  • Hyun, J.K., Pavao J. ve Kimberling, R. (2009). Military sexual trauma. PTSD Research Quartely, 20, 1-8.
  • Guttmann, D. (2006) Ethics in social work- a context of caring, New York, The Haworth Press.
  • Jenkins, J. (2000). History of air force social work. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss.28, 27-48.
  • Kelly, V.A., Skelton, K., Meghna, P. Ve Bradley, B. (2011). More than military sexual trauma: Interpersonal violence, PTSD and mental health in women veterans. Research in Nursing & Health 34(6), 457-467.
  • Munson, C. (2000). Social work. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss. 87-98.
  • Nelson, J. (2000). Development and evoluiton of the family advocacy program in the department of defence. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss. 51-66.
  • Newsome, R. (2000). Military social work practice in substance abuse programs. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss. 91-106.
  • National Association of Social Workers (n.d.). Social work history. Washington, DC.
  • O’Keefe, D. (2009). Psychiatric social work. In Neuropsychiatry in World War II. Washington, Dc. http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/NeuropsychiatryinWWIIVolI/default.htm
  • Öztürk, A.B. (2009). Sosyal hizmet etiğinde farklı yaklaşımlar. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet 20 (1), 105.
  • Raiha, N. (2000). Medical social work in the U.S. armed forces. In J. Daley (Ed.), Social work in the military. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. ss.107-122.
  • Ridenour, R.I. (1984). The military family. New York, NY: Guilford Press. ss. 147-166
  • Rubin, A., Weiss, E.L. ve Coll, J.E. (2013). Handbook of military social work. NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Schell, T. ve Tanielian, T. (2011). A needs assesment of New York State veterans. A final report to the New York State health foundation. http://www.rand.org/pubs/technicalreports/TR920.html
  • Şengör, C. A.M. (2006) Etiksiz bilim olur mu?, Cumhuriyet Gazetesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 1030, 18-20.
  • Tomanbay, İ. (1999). Sosyal çalışma sözlüğü. Ankara: Selvi Yayınevi.
  • Wertsch, M.E. (1991). Military brats: Legacies of childhood inside the fortress. New York: Harmony Books. s.17
  • 3713 Sayılı Terörle Mücadele Kanunu
  • 2330 Sayılı Nakdi Tazminat ve Aylık Bağlanması Hakkında Kanun
  • Resmî Gazete, Sayı: 28554, 2013 http://www.aile.gov.tr/haberler/sehit-yakinlarina-otv-muafiyeti www.ankara.aile.gov.tr http://www.haberler.com/sehit-ve-gazilik-unvani-kanundan-cikarilmis-7690545-haberi/ http://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/amedd-categories/medical-service-corps-jobs/social-worker.html
  • http://www.mehmetcik.org.tr/tr/hakkimizda/temel-gorevlerimiz
  • http://www.sehitgazider.org.tr/sehitgazihaklari
  • http://sehityakinlari.aile.gov.tr/hakkimizda/gorevlerimiz www.socialwork.va.gov.
  • http://sosyalhizmethaber.com/kurumlar/aspb/sosyal-hizmet-merkezi-sayisi-195e-yukseldi.html
  • http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/02/20130209-3.htm
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bülent Şen Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ocak 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Mayıs 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şen, B. (2017). SİLAHLI KUVVETLERDE SOSYAL HİZMETİN ÖNEMİ. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 27(2), 131-151.