SOSYAL HİZMET UZMANLARININ STRESLE BAŞA ÇIKMA YÖNTEMLERİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 10 - 33, 12.10.2018

Vedat Işıkhan

Öz

Sosyal
hizmet uzmanları (SHU) psikolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal yönden sorunlar yaşayan birey
ve gruplara hizmet sunarken birçok zorluk ve engelle karşılaşmaktadır. Bu durum
onların ruhsal, sosyal, davranışsal ve işteki performanslarını olumsuz yönde
etkileyebilecek stresin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. SHU gün boyu bu
stresörlerle mücadele ederken kullandıkları başa çıkma yöntemleri onların başarılı
ya da başarısız olmalarında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır.

Bu
araştırma, Ankara'da Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı [ASPB] ve bağlı
kurumlarda çalışan SHU'nın başa çıkma yöntemlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Araştırma toplam 142 SHU üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada Görüşme Formu
ve Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği (SBÖ) kullanılmıştır. Tarama modeliyle
gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada tam sayım yöntemi uygulandığından örnekleme
yapılmamıştır. Analizler Sosyal Bilimler İçin İstatistik Paketi, (SPSS)
programı 22.0 sürümü kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizi için
parametrik testler tercih edilmiştir. Değişkenlerin niteliğine göre t testi, One
way ANOVA ve Pearson Çarpım Momentleri Korelasyonu (r) kullanılmıştır.

Sonuçlar,
stresle başa çıkarken SHU’nın çoğunlukla kendine güvenli yaklaşımını (x̄: 2,33)
ve en az çaresiz yaklaşımı (x̄: 0,60) [Ranj: 0-3] kullandığını göstermektedir. Medeni
durum, yaş, eğitim durumu, çalışılan alan ve iş doyumu kendine güvenli yaklaşım
alt ölçeğiyle; cinsiyet ve çalışılan alan boyun eğici yaklaşım alt ölçeğiyle ve
cinsiyet ve işten elde edilen doyumun sosyal destek alt ölçeğiyle ilişkili olduğu
bulunmuştur (p<0,05).

Araştırma,
sosyal hizmet alanında stresden kaçınmanın neredeyse imkânsız olduğunu
göstermiştir. Yöneticiler, nitelikli personelin sayısını ve ücretlerini artıracak,
çalışma koşullarını iyileştirecek, iş yükünü azaltacak, SHU’na esnek zaman
yönetimi için fırsatlar sunacak stres yönetim program ve uygulamalarını hayata
geçirebilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stres, Stresle Başa Çıkma, Sosyal Hizmet, Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanı, Sosyal Hizmet Kurumları

The Ways to Cope with Stress of Social Worker’s

Öz

Social workers (SWs) face many difficulties and obstacles
in serving individuals and groups with psychological, economic and social
problems. This situation may cause stress to affect their mental, social,
behavioral and intellectual performance negatively. The way SWs cope with these
stressors all day long has an important place to be successful or unsuccessful.

This
research aims to examine the coping strategies of SWs who work under
institutions of Ministry of Family and Social Policies, [MFSP] in Ankara, Turkey. A total
number of 142 of SWs participated in the study. The Survey and Ways of Coping
Inventory (WCI) were used in the study. The general survey method was followed.
Since the “full enumeration” method was used, sampling procedure was not
required. The analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) program version 22.0. Parametric
tests were preferred for the analysis of data. One-way ANOVA (F), Pearson
Moment Correlation (r) and, the t-test were used for analysis.

Results show that SWs used the self-confidence
approach (x̄: 2,33) mostly and the helpless approach (x̄: 0,60) [range of
score: 0-3] at minimum while they cope with stress. Factors such as; marital
status, age, educational status, working area and job satisfaction were found
to be effective on self confident approach subscale also, gender and working
area were found to be effective on submissive subscale; working area on
helpless and gender and job satisfaction were found to be effective on seeking
social support subscale (p<0.05).

The research has shown that it is
almost impossible to escape stress in the field of social work. Managers should
be able to imagine stress management programs and practices that will increase
the salary, the number of qualified personnel, improve working conditions,
reduce workload, and provide opportunities for flexible time management for
SWs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stress, Job Stress, Coping with Stress, Social Work, Social Worker, Social Work Institutions

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