Burnout in Work Life: A Comparative Study On Social Workers And Nıırses
Yıl 2005,
Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 57 - 70, 15.10.2005
H. Nejat Basım
Harun Şeşen
Öz
Burnout is a process that ajfects the productivity and efficacy of the organization and decreases its performance. This study investigates and compares the levels of burnout of 130 social workers working in Prime Ministry General Directorate of Social Services and Child Protection Agency's dijferent institııtes in Ankara, Eskişehir and İzmir and 169 nurses working in different clinics of two dijferent university hospitals in Ankara. The level of burnout is measured with the "Maslach Burnout Inventory ”. Correlations between sub dimensions are searched and the differences between two group mediums are examined with the two independent sanıples t-test. Results show that in emotional exhaustion,depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplıshment measures, nurses had higher degrees than those of social workers.
Kaynakça
- Abu-Bader, S. H. (2000) “Work Satisfaction, Burnout, and Turnover Among Social VVorkers in Israel: A Casual Diagram”, International Journal of Social Welfare, 9 191 -200.
- Acker, G. M. (1999) “The Impact of Clients’ Mental lllness on Social VVorkers’ Job Satisfaction and Burnout”, Health and Social Work, 24 (2) 112-119.
- Altun, i. (2002) “Burnout and Nurses' Personal and Professional Values”, Nursing Ethlcs, 9 (3) 269-278.
- Aslan, H., Alparslan, N., Aslan, O. ve Ünal, M. (1996) “Hemşirelerde Tükenme İş Doyumu ve Ruhsal Belirtiler”, Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 33 192-199.
- Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Demeroutİ, E., Janssen, P. M. P., Van Der Hu İst, R. ve Brouwer, J. (2002) “Using Equity Theory To Examine the Dİfference Betvveen Burnout and Depression”, Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 13 247-268.
- Cardinell, C. (1981) “Burnout ? Mid-life Crisis ? Let’s Ünderstand Ourselves”, Contemporary Education.
- Chemiss, C. (1980) Staff Burnout, Job Stress in the Human Service, Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications.
- Cordes, C. L. ve Dougherty, T. W. (1993) “A Revievv and An Integration of Research on Job Burnout”, Academy of Management Revievv, 18 621-656.
- Erci, B., Aydın, I. ve Tortumluoğlu, G. (1998) “Koruyucu Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Görev Yapan Hemşire ve Ebelerin Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarının Tükenmişlik Düzeyine Etkisi", 6 ncı Ulusal Hemşirelik Kongresi Kitabı, Ankara: Damla Matbaası 102-107.
- Ergin C. (1992) “Doktor ve Hemşirelerde Tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik ölçeğinin Uyarlanması”, VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları, Bayraktar, R. ve Dağ, I. (ed), Ankara, Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayını 143- 154.
- Geurts, S. ve Gründenmann, R. (1999) “VVorkplace Stress and Stress Prevention in Europe”, Preventing Stress, Improving Productivity; European Case Studles in the Workplace, Compier, M. ve Cooper, C. (ed), London: Routledge 9-32.
- Greenglass, E. R., Burke, R. J. ve Fiksenbaum, L. (2001) “VVorkload and Burnout İn Nurses", Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology,11 211-215.
- Innstrand, S. T., Espnes G. A. ve Mykletun, R. (2004) “Job Stress, Burnout and Job Satisfaction: An Intervention Study for Staff VVorkîng with People with Intellectual Disabilities”, Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 17 119-126
- Izgar, H. (2001) Okul Yöneticilerinde Tükenmişlik, Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Jenkins, R. ve Elliott, P. (2004) “Stressors, Burnout and Social Support: Nurses in Acute Mental Health Settings”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48 (6) 622-631.
- Kırılmaz, A. Y., Çelen, Ü. ve Sarp, N. (2003) “ilköğretim’de Çalışan bir öğretmen Grubunda Tükenmişlik Durumu Araştırması”, Ilköğretim-Oniine, 2(1) 2-9
- Lee, H., Song, R., Suk Cho, Y., Lee, G. Z. ve Daly, B. (2003) “A Comprehensive Model for Predicting Burnout in Korean Nurses”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44 (5) 534-545.
- Leiter, M. P. (1991) “Coping Patterns as Predictors of Burnout: The Function of Control and Escapist Coping Patterns”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12 123-144.
- Lloyd, C. ve King, R. (2004) “A Survey of Burnout Among Australian Mental Health Occupational Therapist and Social VVorkers”, Social Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 39 752-757.
- Martin, U. ve Schİnke, S. (1998) “Organizational and Individual Factors İnfluencing Job Satisfactİon and Burnout of Mental Health VVorkers", Social Work Healthcare, 28 51-62.
- Maslach, C. (1982) Burnout, the Cost of Caring, Englowood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hail.
- Maslach, C. ve Jackson, S. E. (1981) “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout", Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2 99-113.
- Maslach, C. ve Jackson, S. H. (1984) “Patterns of Burnout Among a National Sample of Public Contact VVorkers", Journal of Health and Human Resource Administration, 7 189-212.
- Maslach, C. ve Leiter M. P. (1997) The Truth About Burnout: How Organizations Cause Personal Stress and What To Do About İt, San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass.
- Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. ve Leiter, M. P. (2001) “Job Burnout”, Annual Review of Psychology, 52 397-422.
- Mitchell, G. ve Hastings, R. P. (2001) “Coping Burnout and Emotion in Staff VVorking in Community Services for People with Chailenging Behaviors”, American Journal on Mental Retardation, 106 448-459.
- Pines, A. M. (1993) “Burnout", Handbook of Stress: Theoricai and Clinical Aspects, Goldberger, L. ve Breznitz, S. (ed), New York: The Free Press 386-402.
- Pinikahana, J. ve Happell, B. (2004) "Stress, Burnout and Job Satisfactİon İn Rural Psychiatric Nurses: A Victorian Study”, Austrilian Journal of Rural Health, 12 120-125.
- Prosser, D., Johnson, S., Kulpers, E., Dunn, G., Szmukler, G., Reid, Y., Bebbington, B. ve Thornicroft, G. (1999) “Mental Health, Burnout and Job Satsfaction İn a Lorıgitudinal Study of Meantal Health Staff’, Social Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34 295-300.
- Rabin, C. ve Zelner, D. (1992) “The Role of Assertiveness in Clarifying Roles and Strengthening Job Satisfactİon of Social VVorkers in Multidisciplinary Mental Health Settings", British Journal of Social Work, 22 17-32.
- Rice, P. L. (1992) Stress and Health, Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing.
- Rose, J. (1995) “Stress and Residential Staff: Towards an Integration of Existing Research”, Mental Handicap Research, 8 220-236.
- Rose, J. (1999) “Stress and Residential Staff Who Work with People Who Have an Intellectual Disability: A Factor Analitic Study”, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 43 268-278.
- Sever, A. “Hemşirelerin İş Stresi ile Başa Çıkma Yolları ve Bunun Sonuçlarının Araştırılması”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 1997.
- VVright, T. A. ve Bonett, D. G. (1997) “The Contribution of Burnout to Work Performance”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18 491-499.
- VVright, T. A. ve Cropanzano, R. (2000) “Psychotogical VVell-being and Job Satisfaction as Predictors of Job Performance”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5 84-94.
ÇALIŞMA YAŞAMINDA TÜKENMİŞLİK: SOSYAL HİZMET UZMANLARI İLE HEMŞİRELER ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ÇALIŞMA
Yıl 2005,
Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 57 - 70, 15.10.2005
H. Nejat Basım
Harun Şeşen
Öz
Tükenmişlik bir örgütteki insan kaynağının verimli ve etkili çalışmasını ve bu bağlamda örgütsel performansı olumsuz yönde etkileyen bir süreçtir. Bu çalışmada, Başbakanlık Sosyal Hizmetler ve Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu'na bağlı olarak Ankara, Eskişehir ve İzmir'de çeşitli kuruluşlarda görev yapan 130 sosyal hizmet uzmanı ile Ankara'daki iki üniversite hastanesinin çeşitli kliniklerinde görev yapan 169 hemşirenin tükenmişlik düzeyleri araştırılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada ölçüm aracı olarak "Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri" kullanılmış, elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde alt boyutlar arası korelasyonlar araştırılmış ve ortalamalar arası farklar bağımsız örneklem t-testi ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve düşük kişisel başarı hissi boyutlarında hemşirelerin sosyal hizmet uzmanlarından daha yüksek değerlere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.
Kaynakça
- Abu-Bader, S. H. (2000) “Work Satisfaction, Burnout, and Turnover Among Social VVorkers in Israel: A Casual Diagram”, International Journal of Social Welfare, 9 191 -200.
- Acker, G. M. (1999) “The Impact of Clients’ Mental lllness on Social VVorkers’ Job Satisfaction and Burnout”, Health and Social Work, 24 (2) 112-119.
- Altun, i. (2002) “Burnout and Nurses' Personal and Professional Values”, Nursing Ethlcs, 9 (3) 269-278.
- Aslan, H., Alparslan, N., Aslan, O. ve Ünal, M. (1996) “Hemşirelerde Tükenme İş Doyumu ve Ruhsal Belirtiler”, Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 33 192-199.
- Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Demeroutİ, E., Janssen, P. M. P., Van Der Hu İst, R. ve Brouwer, J. (2002) “Using Equity Theory To Examine the Dİfference Betvveen Burnout and Depression”, Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 13 247-268.
- Cardinell, C. (1981) “Burnout ? Mid-life Crisis ? Let’s Ünderstand Ourselves”, Contemporary Education.
- Chemiss, C. (1980) Staff Burnout, Job Stress in the Human Service, Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications.
- Cordes, C. L. ve Dougherty, T. W. (1993) “A Revievv and An Integration of Research on Job Burnout”, Academy of Management Revievv, 18 621-656.
- Erci, B., Aydın, I. ve Tortumluoğlu, G. (1998) “Koruyucu Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Görev Yapan Hemşire ve Ebelerin Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarının Tükenmişlik Düzeyine Etkisi", 6 ncı Ulusal Hemşirelik Kongresi Kitabı, Ankara: Damla Matbaası 102-107.
- Ergin C. (1992) “Doktor ve Hemşirelerde Tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik ölçeğinin Uyarlanması”, VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları, Bayraktar, R. ve Dağ, I. (ed), Ankara, Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayını 143- 154.
- Geurts, S. ve Gründenmann, R. (1999) “VVorkplace Stress and Stress Prevention in Europe”, Preventing Stress, Improving Productivity; European Case Studles in the Workplace, Compier, M. ve Cooper, C. (ed), London: Routledge 9-32.
- Greenglass, E. R., Burke, R. J. ve Fiksenbaum, L. (2001) “VVorkload and Burnout İn Nurses", Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology,11 211-215.
- Innstrand, S. T., Espnes G. A. ve Mykletun, R. (2004) “Job Stress, Burnout and Job Satisfaction: An Intervention Study for Staff VVorkîng with People with Intellectual Disabilities”, Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 17 119-126
- Izgar, H. (2001) Okul Yöneticilerinde Tükenmişlik, Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Jenkins, R. ve Elliott, P. (2004) “Stressors, Burnout and Social Support: Nurses in Acute Mental Health Settings”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48 (6) 622-631.
- Kırılmaz, A. Y., Çelen, Ü. ve Sarp, N. (2003) “ilköğretim’de Çalışan bir öğretmen Grubunda Tükenmişlik Durumu Araştırması”, Ilköğretim-Oniine, 2(1) 2-9
- Lee, H., Song, R., Suk Cho, Y., Lee, G. Z. ve Daly, B. (2003) “A Comprehensive Model for Predicting Burnout in Korean Nurses”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44 (5) 534-545.
- Leiter, M. P. (1991) “Coping Patterns as Predictors of Burnout: The Function of Control and Escapist Coping Patterns”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12 123-144.
- Lloyd, C. ve King, R. (2004) “A Survey of Burnout Among Australian Mental Health Occupational Therapist and Social VVorkers”, Social Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 39 752-757.
- Martin, U. ve Schİnke, S. (1998) “Organizational and Individual Factors İnfluencing Job Satisfactİon and Burnout of Mental Health VVorkers", Social Work Healthcare, 28 51-62.
- Maslach, C. (1982) Burnout, the Cost of Caring, Englowood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hail.
- Maslach, C. ve Jackson, S. E. (1981) “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout", Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2 99-113.
- Maslach, C. ve Jackson, S. H. (1984) “Patterns of Burnout Among a National Sample of Public Contact VVorkers", Journal of Health and Human Resource Administration, 7 189-212.
- Maslach, C. ve Leiter M. P. (1997) The Truth About Burnout: How Organizations Cause Personal Stress and What To Do About İt, San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass.
- Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. ve Leiter, M. P. (2001) “Job Burnout”, Annual Review of Psychology, 52 397-422.
- Mitchell, G. ve Hastings, R. P. (2001) “Coping Burnout and Emotion in Staff VVorking in Community Services for People with Chailenging Behaviors”, American Journal on Mental Retardation, 106 448-459.
- Pines, A. M. (1993) “Burnout", Handbook of Stress: Theoricai and Clinical Aspects, Goldberger, L. ve Breznitz, S. (ed), New York: The Free Press 386-402.
- Pinikahana, J. ve Happell, B. (2004) "Stress, Burnout and Job Satisfactİon İn Rural Psychiatric Nurses: A Victorian Study”, Austrilian Journal of Rural Health, 12 120-125.
- Prosser, D., Johnson, S., Kulpers, E., Dunn, G., Szmukler, G., Reid, Y., Bebbington, B. ve Thornicroft, G. (1999) “Mental Health, Burnout and Job Satsfaction İn a Lorıgitudinal Study of Meantal Health Staff’, Social Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34 295-300.
- Rabin, C. ve Zelner, D. (1992) “The Role of Assertiveness in Clarifying Roles and Strengthening Job Satisfactİon of Social VVorkers in Multidisciplinary Mental Health Settings", British Journal of Social Work, 22 17-32.
- Rice, P. L. (1992) Stress and Health, Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing.
- Rose, J. (1995) “Stress and Residential Staff: Towards an Integration of Existing Research”, Mental Handicap Research, 8 220-236.
- Rose, J. (1999) “Stress and Residential Staff Who Work with People Who Have an Intellectual Disability: A Factor Analitic Study”, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 43 268-278.
- Sever, A. “Hemşirelerin İş Stresi ile Başa Çıkma Yolları ve Bunun Sonuçlarının Araştırılması”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 1997.
- VVright, T. A. ve Bonett, D. G. (1997) “The Contribution of Burnout to Work Performance”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18 491-499.
- VVright, T. A. ve Cropanzano, R. (2000) “Psychotogical VVell-being and Job Satisfaction as Predictors of Job Performance”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5 84-94.