Araştırma Makalesi
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Adaptation of the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale to 60-72 Month Old Turkish Children

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 45 - 58, 15.10.2013

Öz

Social development is an important issue in pre-school period and in these years chil- dren gain lots of social skills which provide a basis for future experiences. The peers have a vital role in child’s socialization. The problems that the children who are in pre-school period have in peer relations are generally evaluated by parents or teachers or observation technique is used. In the field, there isn’t any evaluation tool which evaluates the child’s loneliness and pleasure level in social relations according to its own assessment. Because of this in this study adaptation of Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale which was developed by Cassidy and Asher (1992) to 60-72 months old Turkish children is aimed. With this aim the scale was applied to 297 children (girl:139, boy:158) who are between 60-72 months. On the basis of that data factor analysis was done by using components analysis method. According to factor analysis result it was found that evaluation tool is unidimentional and formed by 15 items. The inner coefficient of consistence of the scale is 0.759, the reliability of co-efficient is 0.849 that was calculated by test-retest method. 

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, J.C. and Gerbing D.W. (1984). The Effect of Sampling Error on Convergence, Improper Solutions, and Goodness of Fit Indices for Maximum Likelihood Comfirmatory Factor Analysis. Psychometrika, 49,155-173.
  • Asher, S.R. and Wheeler, V.A. (1985). Children’s loneliness: A comparison of rejected and neglected peer status. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 500-505.
  • Asher, S.R. and Paquette, J.A. (2003). Loneliness and Peer Relations in Childhood. Current Directions In Psychological Science, 12 (3) 75-78. Asher, S.R., Hymel, S. and Renshaw, P.D. (1984). Loneliness in Children. Child Development, 55,1456-1464.
  • Asher, S. R., Parkhurst. J. T, Hymel, S. and Williams, G. A. (1990). Peer rejection and loneliness in childhood. In S. R. Asher and J. D. Coie (Eds.), Peer rejection in childhood (pp. 253-273). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bakkaloglu, H. (2010). A comparison of the loneliness levels of mainstreamed primary students according to their sociometric status. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 330-336.
  • Cassidy, J. and Asher, S.R. (1992). Loneliness and peer relations in young children. Child Development, 63, 350-365.
  • Cole D. A. (1987). Utility of Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Test Validation Research. J Consult Clin Psych. 55,1019-1031.
  • Fabes, R. A., Leonard, S. A. Kupanoff, K. and Martin, C. L. (2001). Parental coping with children’s negative emations: Relations with children’s emational and social responding. Child Development, 72, 907- 920.
  • Hu, L. and Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cut-Off Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6,1-55.
  • Jobe, L.E. and White, S.W. (2007). Loneliness, social relationships, and a broader autism phenotype in college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), 1479 –1489.
  • Jöreskog K.G. and Sörbom, D. (1993). LIS- REL 8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Ladd, G.W. (2006). Peer Rejection, Aggressive or Withdrawn Behavior, and Psychological Maladjustment from Ages 5 to 12: An Examination of Four Predictive Models. Child Development. 77 ( 4), 822-846
  • Lord, F. M. (1980). Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Marcoen, A. and Brumagne, M. (1985). Loneliness among children and young adolescents. Developmental Psychology. 3, 344-350.
  • Margalit, M. and Efrati, M. (1996). Loneliness, coherence and companionship among children with learning disorders. Educational Psychology, 16(1), 69-79.
  • Margalit, M. (1998). Loneliness and coherence among preschool children with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(2), 173-180.
  • Margalit, M. (2010). Lonely Children and Adolescents: Self-Perceptions, Social Exclusion, and Hope. New York, Published by Springer Science+Business Media.
  • Marsh, H.W. and Hocevar, D.A. (1988). New more powerful approach to multitrait multimethod analyses: application of second order confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology . 73 (1), 107-117.
  • Marsh, H.W., Balla J.R. and McDonald, R.P. (1988). Goodness-of-Fit Indices in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The Effect of Sample Size. Psychological Bulletin, 102: 391-410.
  • McElwain N.L., Halberstadt A.G. and Volling B.L. (2007).Mother and father reported reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to young children’s emotion understanding and friendship quality. Child Development. 78:1407–1425. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC2562604/Erişim Tarihi, 08.08.2013)
  • Özçelik, D. A. Test Hazırlama Klavuzu, Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Page, R.M., Scanlan, A. and Deringer, N. (1994). Childhood loneliness and isolation: Implications and strategies for childhood educators. Child Study Journal, 24(2), 107- 118.
  • Parker, J.C. and Asher, S.R. (1993). Friendship and friendship quality in middle school: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Developmental Psychology, 29, 611-621.
  • Parkhurst, J.C. and Asher, S.R. (1992). Peer rejection in middle school: Subgroup differences in behaviour, loneliness, and interpersonal concerns. Developmental Psychology, 28, 231-241.
  • Parkhurst, J.T. and Hopmeyer, A. (1999). Developmental change in the source of loneliness in childhood and adolescence: Contructing a theoretical model. In K.J. Rotenbeerf and S. Hymel (Eds.) Loneliness in childhood and adolescence (pp.56-79) New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Pavri, S. and Monda-Amaya, L. (2000). Loneliness and students with learning disabilities in inclusive classroom: Self–perception, coping strategies, and preferred interventions. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 15(1), 22-33.
  • Renshaw, P.D. and Brown, P.J. (1993). Loneliess in middle childhood: Concurrent and longitudinal predictırs. Child Development. 64, 1271-1284.
  • Rubin, K.H., Bukowski, W. and Parker, J.G.(1998). Peer interactios, relationships, and groups. In W. Damon (Eds-in-Chief) and N. Eeisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psyhology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personalty develeopment (pp.619- 700). New York: Wiley.
  • Sanderson, J.A. and Siegal, M. (1995). Loneliness and stable friendship in rejected and nonrejected preschoolers. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 16(4), 555-567.
  • Trawick-Smith, J. (2013). Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Gelişim (Çok Kültürlü Bir Bakış Açısıyla). (Beşinci basımdan çeviri Edit. Prof. Dr. Berrin Akman). Ankara. Nobel Yayınları.
  • Vellymalay, S.K.N. (2010). Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction among Preschool Children. Canadian Social Science. 6(4), 167-174.
  • Williams, G. V. and Asher, S.R. (1992). Assessment of loneliness at school among children with mental retardation. American Journal of Mental Retardation. 96, 373-385.
  • Yu, G., Zhang, Y. and Yan, R. (2005). Loneliness, peer acceptance, and family functioning of Chinese children with learning disabilities: Characteristics and relationships. Psychology in the Schools, 42(3), 325-331.

YALNIZLIK VE SOSYAL MEMNUNİYETSİZLİK ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN 60-72 AYLIK TÜRK ÇOCUKLARINA UYARLANMASI

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 45 - 58, 15.10.2013

Öz

Sosyal gelişim okul öncesi yıllarda büyük önem taşımakta ve bu yıllarda çocuklar daha sonraki yaşantılarına temel oluşturacak pek çok sosyal beceri kazanmaktadırlar. Çocu-ğun sosyalleşmesinde akranların rolü büyüktür. Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların akran ilişkilerinde yaşadığı sorunlar genellikle ebeveyn veya öğretmenler tarafından değerlendirilmekte ya da gözlem tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Alanda, çocuğun akran ilişkilerine dayalı olarak yaşadığı yalnızlığı ve soysal ilişkilerindeki memnunluk düzeyini kendi değerlendirmelerine dayalı olarak ölçen bir ölçme aracı bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Cassidy ve Asher (1992) tarafından geliştirilen Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (Yalnızlık ve Sosyal Memnuniyetsizlik Ölçeği)’nin 60–72 aylar arasındaki Türk çocuklarına uyarlan- ması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ölçek 60–72 aylar arasındaki 297 (kız: 139, erkek: 158) çocuğa uygulanmıştır. Veriler üzerinden temel bileşenler analizi yöntemi ile faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Faktör analizi sonucunda ölçme aracının 15 maddeden oluşan, tek boyutlu bir yapı sergilediği anlaşılmıştır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı 0.759, test-tekrar test yöntemi ile hesaplanan güvenirlik katsayısı 0.849 olarak hesaplanmıştır. 

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, J.C. and Gerbing D.W. (1984). The Effect of Sampling Error on Convergence, Improper Solutions, and Goodness of Fit Indices for Maximum Likelihood Comfirmatory Factor Analysis. Psychometrika, 49,155-173.
  • Asher, S.R. and Wheeler, V.A. (1985). Children’s loneliness: A comparison of rejected and neglected peer status. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 500-505.
  • Asher, S.R. and Paquette, J.A. (2003). Loneliness and Peer Relations in Childhood. Current Directions In Psychological Science, 12 (3) 75-78. Asher, S.R., Hymel, S. and Renshaw, P.D. (1984). Loneliness in Children. Child Development, 55,1456-1464.
  • Asher, S. R., Parkhurst. J. T, Hymel, S. and Williams, G. A. (1990). Peer rejection and loneliness in childhood. In S. R. Asher and J. D. Coie (Eds.), Peer rejection in childhood (pp. 253-273). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bakkaloglu, H. (2010). A comparison of the loneliness levels of mainstreamed primary students according to their sociometric status. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 330-336.
  • Cassidy, J. and Asher, S.R. (1992). Loneliness and peer relations in young children. Child Development, 63, 350-365.
  • Cole D. A. (1987). Utility of Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Test Validation Research. J Consult Clin Psych. 55,1019-1031.
  • Fabes, R. A., Leonard, S. A. Kupanoff, K. and Martin, C. L. (2001). Parental coping with children’s negative emations: Relations with children’s emational and social responding. Child Development, 72, 907- 920.
  • Hu, L. and Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cut-Off Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6,1-55.
  • Jobe, L.E. and White, S.W. (2007). Loneliness, social relationships, and a broader autism phenotype in college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), 1479 –1489.
  • Jöreskog K.G. and Sörbom, D. (1993). LIS- REL 8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Ladd, G.W. (2006). Peer Rejection, Aggressive or Withdrawn Behavior, and Psychological Maladjustment from Ages 5 to 12: An Examination of Four Predictive Models. Child Development. 77 ( 4), 822-846
  • Lord, F. M. (1980). Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Marcoen, A. and Brumagne, M. (1985). Loneliness among children and young adolescents. Developmental Psychology. 3, 344-350.
  • Margalit, M. and Efrati, M. (1996). Loneliness, coherence and companionship among children with learning disorders. Educational Psychology, 16(1), 69-79.
  • Margalit, M. (1998). Loneliness and coherence among preschool children with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(2), 173-180.
  • Margalit, M. (2010). Lonely Children and Adolescents: Self-Perceptions, Social Exclusion, and Hope. New York, Published by Springer Science+Business Media.
  • Marsh, H.W. and Hocevar, D.A. (1988). New more powerful approach to multitrait multimethod analyses: application of second order confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology . 73 (1), 107-117.
  • Marsh, H.W., Balla J.R. and McDonald, R.P. (1988). Goodness-of-Fit Indices in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The Effect of Sample Size. Psychological Bulletin, 102: 391-410.
  • McElwain N.L., Halberstadt A.G. and Volling B.L. (2007).Mother and father reported reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to young children’s emotion understanding and friendship quality. Child Development. 78:1407–1425. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC2562604/Erişim Tarihi, 08.08.2013)
  • Özçelik, D. A. Test Hazırlama Klavuzu, Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Page, R.M., Scanlan, A. and Deringer, N. (1994). Childhood loneliness and isolation: Implications and strategies for childhood educators. Child Study Journal, 24(2), 107- 118.
  • Parker, J.C. and Asher, S.R. (1993). Friendship and friendship quality in middle school: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Developmental Psychology, 29, 611-621.
  • Parkhurst, J.C. and Asher, S.R. (1992). Peer rejection in middle school: Subgroup differences in behaviour, loneliness, and interpersonal concerns. Developmental Psychology, 28, 231-241.
  • Parkhurst, J.T. and Hopmeyer, A. (1999). Developmental change in the source of loneliness in childhood and adolescence: Contructing a theoretical model. In K.J. Rotenbeerf and S. Hymel (Eds.) Loneliness in childhood and adolescence (pp.56-79) New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Pavri, S. and Monda-Amaya, L. (2000). Loneliness and students with learning disabilities in inclusive classroom: Self–perception, coping strategies, and preferred interventions. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 15(1), 22-33.
  • Renshaw, P.D. and Brown, P.J. (1993). Loneliess in middle childhood: Concurrent and longitudinal predictırs. Child Development. 64, 1271-1284.
  • Rubin, K.H., Bukowski, W. and Parker, J.G.(1998). Peer interactios, relationships, and groups. In W. Damon (Eds-in-Chief) and N. Eeisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psyhology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personalty develeopment (pp.619- 700). New York: Wiley.
  • Sanderson, J.A. and Siegal, M. (1995). Loneliness and stable friendship in rejected and nonrejected preschoolers. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 16(4), 555-567.
  • Trawick-Smith, J. (2013). Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Gelişim (Çok Kültürlü Bir Bakış Açısıyla). (Beşinci basımdan çeviri Edit. Prof. Dr. Berrin Akman). Ankara. Nobel Yayınları.
  • Vellymalay, S.K.N. (2010). Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction among Preschool Children. Canadian Social Science. 6(4), 167-174.
  • Williams, G. V. and Asher, S.R. (1992). Assessment of loneliness at school among children with mental retardation. American Journal of Mental Retardation. 96, 373-385.
  • Yu, G., Zhang, Y. and Yan, R. (2005). Loneliness, peer acceptance, and family functioning of Chinese children with learning disabilities: Characteristics and relationships. Psychology in the Schools, 42(3), 325-331.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zeliha Yazıcı Bu kişi benim

Veli Duyan Bu kişi benim

Selahattin Gelbal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yazıcı, Z., Duyan, V., & Gelbal, S. (2013). YALNIZLIK VE SOSYAL MEMNUNİYETSİZLİK ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN 60-72 AYLIK TÜRK ÇOCUKLARINA UYARLANMASI. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 24(2), 45-58.