Military Social Work: Evaluation of Depression and Satisfaction of Life Among Terror Veterans

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 23 - 40, 28.01.2021

Mehmet Başcıllar , Kasım Karataş

https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.748139

Cited By: 3

Öz

This study aims to reveal the relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics of terror veterans, their levels of depression, and satisfaction with life. The quantitative research design was used in the research and the sample of the study consists of 225 terror veterans who took an active role in the fight against terrorism. The semi-structured socio-demographic form prepared by the researcher as the data collection tool, the satisfaction with life scale developed by Diener et al. (1985) and Beck depression scale developed by Beck ve et al. (1961) are used. When the results of the research are examined, the average duration that terror veterans actively took part in the fight against terrorism was found to be 5.27 years. 61.3% of the participants stated that their friend was martyred; 82.2% were found to have witnessed the injury of their friend. 91.1% of terror veterans stated that they dreamed of taking part in a military conflict and 66.7% stated that their mental health was negatively affected by the fight against terrorism. A meaningful negative correlation was found between depression and satisfaction with life levels of the participants. It is considered that the research findings will contribute significantly to social work practices for effective military social work practice.

Orduda Sosyal Hizmet: Terör Gazilerinin Depresyon ve Yaşam Doyumunun Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma terör gazilerinin sosyo-demografik özelliklerini ve depresyon ile yaşam doyumu düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma tasarımından yararlanılmış olup, araştırmanın örneklemini terörle mücadelede aktif olarak rol alarak eve dönüş yapmış 225 terör gazisi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmış olan yarı-yapılandırılmış sosyo-demografik formdan, Diener ve arkadaşları (1985) tarafından geliştirilmiş yaşam doyumu ölçeğinden ve Beck ve arkadaşları (1961) tarafından hazırlanmış Beck depresyon ölçeğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde katılımcıların terörle mücadelede aktif olarak görev aldıkları süre ortalaması 5,27 yıl olarak bulunmuş olup katılımcıların %61.3’ü arkadaşının şehit oluşuna; %82.2’si arkadaşının yaralanmasına tanıklık ettiği bulunmuştur. Terör gazilerinin %91.1’i rüyasında silahlı çatışmada yer aldığını gördüğünü, %66.7’si ruh sağlığının terörle mücadeleden olumsuz yönde etkilendiğini belirtmiştir. Katılımcıların depresyon ile yaşam doyumu düzeyleri arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulgularının etkili orduda sosyal hizmet uygulamalarına önemli katkılar sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

orduda sosyal hizmet, terör gazileri, depresyon, yaşam doyumu

Kaynakça

• Aktaş, A. M. (2002). Orduda Sosyal Hizmet. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 97-107.
• Başcıllar, M. (2017). Malul Terör Gazilerinin Sosyal Destek ve Yaşam Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Ankara
• Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry(4), 561-571.
• Bourn, L. E., Sexton, M. B., Raggio, G. A., Porter, K. E., & Rauch, S. A. M. (2016). Posttraumatic stress disorder and somatic complaints: Contrasting Vietnam and OIF/OEF Veterans' experiences. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 35-40.
• Buttner, M. M., Godfrey, K. M., Floto, E., Pittman, J., Lindamer, L., & Afari, N. (2017). Combat exposure and pain in male and female Afghanistan and Iraq veterans: The role of mediators and moderators. Psychiatry Research(257), 7-13.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı İstatistik, Araştırma Deseni SPSS Uygulamaları ve Yorum (Genişletilmiş 18 ed.). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
• Caddick, N., & Smith, B. (2014). The impact of sport and physical activity on the well-being of combat veterans: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise(15), 9-18.
• Carlson, K. F., Pogoda, T. K., Gilbert, T., Resnick, S. G., Twamley, E., O’Neil, M. E., ve diğ. (2018). Supported Employment for Veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury: Patient Perspectives. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(2S), 4-13.
• CSWE. (2010). Advanced Social Work Practice in Military Social Work. Alexandria: Council on Social Work Education.
• DeFour, D. C., & Brown, T. M. (2006). Attitudes toward Maternal Roles and the Effects on Life Satisfaction: Black, Hispanic, and White Models. Journal of African American Studies, 10(3), 3-18.
• Dekle, J. (2018). U.S. Military Families. In: NASW Press and Oxford University Press.
• Denneson, L. M., Teo, A. R., Ganzini, L., Helmer, D. A., Bair, M. J., & Dobscha, S. K. (2015). Military Veterans’ Experiences with Suicidal Ideation: Implications for Intervention and Prevention. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 45(4), 399-414.
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., ve Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
• DiGangi, J. A., Gorka, S., Afshar, K., Babione, J. M., Schroth, C., Greenstein, J. E., ve diğ. (2018). Differential impact of post-deployment stress and PTSD on neural reactivity to emotional stimuli in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. Journal of Psychiatric Research(96), 9-14.
• Dominelli, L. (2012). Green social work: From environmental crises to environmental justice: Polity.
• Duckworth, D. (2009). Affects of multiple deployments on families. Web Sitesinden Alındı https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA498029.pdf
• Elbogen, E. B., Wagner, H. R., Johnson, S. C., Kinneer, P., Kang, H., Vasterling, J. J., ve diğ. (2013). Are Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using mental health services? New data from a national random-sample survey. Psychiatr Serv, 64(2), 134-141. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.004792011
• Feldman, F. (2008). Whole Life Satisfaction Concepts of Happiness. Theoria, 74, 219–238.
• Forste , R., & Fox, K. (2012). Household Labor, Gender Roles, and Family Satisfaction: A Cross-National Comparison. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 43(5), 613-631.
• Goldstein, L. A., Dinh, J., Donalson, R., Hebenstreit, C. L., & Maguen, S. (2017). Impact of military trauma exposures on posttraumatic stress and. Psychiatry Research(249), 281-285.
• Güloğlu, B. (2016). Psychiatric symptoms of Turkish combat-injured non-professional veterans. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7(1), 29157. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.29157
• Güloğlu, B., & Karaırmak, Ö. (2013). Güneydoğu gazilerinde travma sonrası stres bozukluğu gelişimi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 14(3).
• Harris, J. J., & Pehrson, K. L. (2013). Military Social Work. In: NASW Press and Oxford University Press.
• Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin Üniversite Öğrencileri İçin Geçerliği Güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 3-13.
• Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2004). Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, Mental Health Problems, and Barriers to Care. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(1), 13-22. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040603
• Ikin, J. F., Creamer, M. C., Sim, M. R., & McKenzie, D. P. (2010). Comorbidity of PTSD and depression in Korean War veterans: Prevalence,predictors, and impairment. Journal of Affective Disorders(125), 279-286.
• Institute for Economics and Peace. (2019). Global Terrorism Index 2019: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism: Institute for Economics & Peace.
• Ipsos. (2018). Ipsos Views:What Worries the World. In M. Clemence (Ed.).
• Ismail, K., Fear, N., Flanagan, M., Doebbeling, B., & Wessely, S. (2011). A US–UK comparison of health in 1990–1991 Gulf War Veterans. Occupational Medicine, 61, 483-489.
• Kadir Has Üniversitesi. (2019). Türkiye Eğilimleri 2019. Web Sitesinden Alındı https://www.khas.edu.tr/sites/khas.edu.tr/files/inline-files/TE2019_TUR_BASIN_15.01.20%20WEB%20versiyon%20powerpoint_0.pdf
• Kadushin, A., & Kadushin, G. (2013). The Social Work Interview: Columbia University Press.
• Kaplan, M. S., McFarland, B. H., Huguet, N., & Valenstein, M. (2012). Suicide Risk and Precipitating Circumstances Among Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Male Veterans. Am J Public Health(102), 131-137.
• Karataş, K., Aslan, H., & Başcıllar, M. (2019). Hopelessness And Satisfaction With Life Among Disabled Veterans. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 30(1).
• Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 52(12), 1048-1060.
• Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeylerinin karşılaştırılılması. Web Sitesinden Alındı Ankara:
• NASEM. (2010). Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: preliminary assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families. In: Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
• NASW. (2012). NASW Standarts for Social Work Practice with Service Members, Veterans, & Their Families: The National Association of Social Workers
• Pease, J. L., Billera, M., & Gerard, G. (2016). Military Culture and the Transition to Civilian Life: Suicide Risk and Other Considerations. Soc Work, 61(1), 83-86. doi:10.1093/sw/swv050
• Prasoon, R., & Chaturvedi , K. R. (2016). Life Satisfaction: A literature Review International Journal of Management Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 25-32.
• Raab, P. A., Mackintosh, M.-A., Gros, D. F., & Morland, L. A. (2015). Impact of comorbid depression on quality of life in male combat Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 52(5), 563-576. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2014.05.0130
• Rauch, S. A. M., Favorite, T., Giardino, N., Porcari, C., Defever, E., & Liberzon, I. (2010). Relationship between anxiety, depression, and health satisfaction among veterans with PTSD. Journal of Affective Disorders, 121(1), 165-168. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.05.026
• Ritchie, E. C. (2015). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Related Diseases in Combat Veterans: Springer International Publishing.
• Savitsky, L., Illingworth, M., & DuLaney, M. (2009). Civilian Social Work: Serving the Military and Veteran Populations. Social Work, 54(4), 327-339.
• Savoca, E., & Rosenheck, R. (2000). The civilian labor market experiences of Vietnam-era veterans: The influence of psychiatric disorders. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 3(4), 199-207. doi:10.1002/mhp.102
• Sayers, S. L., Farrow, V. A., Ross, J., & Oslin, D. W. (2009). Family problems among recently returned military veterans referred for a mental health evaluation. J Clin Psychiatry, 70(2), 163-170. doi:10.4088/jcp.07m03863
• Seal, K. H., Metzler, T. J., Gima, K. S., Bertenthal, D., Maguen, S., & Marmar, C. R. (2009). Trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs health care, 2002-2008. Am J Public Health, 99(9), 1651-1658. doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.150284
• Sheafor, B. W., & Horejsi, C. R. (2015). Techniques and guidelines for social work practice.
• Shepherd-Banigan, M., Kelley, M. L., Katon, J. G., Curry, J. F., Goldstein, K. M., Brancu, M., ve diğ. (2017). Paternal history of mental illness associated with posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans. Psychiatry Research(256), 461-468.
• Shin, D. C., & Johnson, D. M. (1978). Avowed Happiness as an Overall Assessment of the Quality of Life. Social Indicators Research, 5(4), 475-492.
• Sirgy, M. J., Rahtz, D., & Swain , D. (2006). Community Quality of Life Indicators (Vol. 28). Netherlands: Social Indicators Research Series.
• Spelman, J. F., , S. C. H., Seal, K. H., & Burgo-Black, A. L. (2012). Post Deployment Care for Returning Combat Veterans. J Gen Intern Med, 27(9), 1200-1209.
• Srivastava, A. (2016). Relationship between Life Satisfaction and Depression among Woking and Non-working Married Women. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research, 5(3), 1-7.
• Şahin, F., & Sakarya, H. (2018). Silahlı Kuvvetlerde Sosyal Hizmetin Tarihi, Gelişimi ve İşlevleri. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 20(1), 81-98.
• Şen, B. (2016). Silahlı Kuvvetlerde Sosyal Hizmetin Önemi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 27(2), 131-151.
• TDK. (2006). Web Sitesinden Alındı https://sozluk.gov.tr/
• Toblin, R. L., Riviere, L. A., Thomas, J. L., Adler, A. B., Kok, B. C., & Hoge, C. W. (2012). Grief and physical health outcomes in U.S. soldiers returning from combat. Journal of Affective Disorders(136), 469-475.
• Tuncay, T., & Musabak, I. (2015). Problem-Focused Coping Strategies Predict Posttraumatic Growth in Veterans With Lower-Limb Amputations. Journal of Social Service Research, 41(4), 466-483. doi:10.1080/01488376.2015.1033584
• Ural, A., & Kılıç, İ. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Süreci ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Wu, L. F. (2011). Group integrative reminiscence therapy on self‐esteem, life satisfaction and depressive symptoms in institutionalised older veterans. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(15‐16), 2195-2203.
• Yang, M. S., & Burr, J. A. (2016). Combat exposure, social relationships, and subjective well-being among middle-aged and older Veterans. Aging & Mental Health, 20(6), 637-646.
• Yazicioğlu, K., Duyan, V., Karataş, K., Özgül, A., Yilmaz, B., Duyan, G. C., ve diğ. (2006). Effects of sociodemographic characteristics, illness process, and social support on the levels of perceived quality of life in veterans. Mil Med, 171(11), 1083-1088.
• Yetim, Ü. (1993). Life satisfaction:A study based on the organization of personel projects. Social Indıcators Research, 29(3), 277-289.