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Prevalence of The Child Sexual Abuse in Turkey: A Scoping Review

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 209 - 226, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1022625

Öz

Child sexual abuse (CSA) can occur at different social, cultural, and socioeconomic levels. To handle the phenomenon of CSA healthily and to be able to prevent it, it is necessary to determine CSA’s scope. Therefore, this review examined the prevalence rates of CSA in Turkey. We did a literature review in June- November 2020, searched international and Turkish electronic literature databases (Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Science Direct, PsychINFO, Google Scholar, and TUBITAK-ULAKBIM National Database), and identified 523 potentially eligible studies. After the inclusion process, fourteen prevalence research were assessed. The results show a prevalence of child sexual abuse between 2.8-32.4%. In addition, it is found that nearly a total of the studies examined are population-based. However, despite the positive aspect of the majority of the population-based studies, the sample size of about one-third of the research is not sufficient. As a result, with this study, various information about CSA prevalence was obtained within the framework of the methodological features of the studies in Turkey. The results highlight the need for more and more large-scale studies regarding the prevalence of CSA in Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • Note. Studies which marked with an asterisk (*) were included in the present research.
  • Akçınar, B. (2017). Aile sistemlerinde şiddetin döngüsü [The cycle of violence in family systems]. Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches, 6(4), 40-64.
  • *Alikasifoglu, M., Erginoz, E., Ercan, O., Albayrak-Kaymak, D., Uysal, O., & Ilter, O. (2006). Sexual abuse among female high school students in Istanbul, Turkey. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(3), 247-255.
  • Aslan, S. H., & Alparslan Z. N. (1999). The reliability, validity and factor structure of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire among a group of university students. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10, 275-285.
  • Atiqul, M. H., Janson, S., Moniruzzaman, S., Rahman, A. F., Islam, S. S., Mashreky, S. R., & Eriksson, U. B. (2019). Children's exposure to physical abuse from a child perspective: A population-based study in rural Bangladesh. PloS One, 14(2), 1-16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212428
  • *Aydın, B., Akbas, S., Turla, A., & Dundar, C. (2016). Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in child victims of sexual abuse: Perceived social support as a protection factor. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 70(6), 418-423.doi:10.3109/08039488.2016.1143028
  • Balcı, A. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler [Research methods, techniques and principles in the social sciences]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Barth, J., Bermetz, L., Heim, E., Trelle, S., & Tonia, T. (2013). The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 58(3), 469-483. doi:10.1007/s00038-012-0426-1
  • Boney-McCoy, S., & Finkelhor, D. (1995). Prior victimization: A risk factor for child sexual abuse and for PTSD-related symptomatology among sexually abused youth. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19(12), 1401-1421. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00104-9
  • Boney-McCoy, S., & Finkelhor, D. (1995). Psychosocial sequelae of violent victimization in a national youth sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(5), 726. doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.5.726
  • Bown, M. J., & Sutton, A. J. (2010). Quality control in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 40(5), 669-677. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.07.011
  • Christensen, L.B., Johnson, R. B. & Turner, L. A. (2015). Research methods, design, and analysis (12th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Civil, B., & Yıldız, H. (2010). Erkek öğrencilerin cinsel deneyimleri ve toplumdaki cinsel tabulara yönelik görüşleri [Male students' opinions about sexual experience and social taboos related to sexuality]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi, 3(2), 58-64
  • Cromer, L. D., & Goldsmith, R. E. (2010). Child sexual abuse myths: Attitudes, beliefs, and individual differences. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 19(6), 618-647. doi: 10.1080/10538712.2010.522493
  • Çak, H. T., & Erden, S. (2013). Güneydoğu Anadolu'da bir il merkezinde bildirim yapılmış istismar ve ihmal olgularının özellikleri [Characterıstıcs of reported childhood abuse and neglect cases in South-Eastern Anatolia]. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 20(1), 5-12.
  • *Çelik, Ç. B., & Odacı, H. (2012). The effect of experience of childhood abuse among university students on self-perception and submissive behavior. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(1), 200-204
  • Çetin, K., & Altıner, H. (2019). Cinsel istismara uğramış çocukların sosyodemografik değerlendirilmesi [Sociodemographical evaluation of children with sexual abuse]. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Ereğli Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 135-147
  • Diaz, A., Shankar, V., Nucci-Sack, A., Linares, L. O., Salandy, A., Strickler, H. D., Burk, R. D., & Schlect, N. F. (2020). Effect of child abuse and neglect on risk behaviors in inner-city minority female adolescents and young adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 101, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104347
  • Domhardt, M., Münzer, A., Fegert, J. M., & Goldbeck, L. (2015). Resilience in survivors of child sexual abuse: A systematic review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(4), 476-493. doi:10.1177/1524838014557288
  • *Eskin, M., Kaynak-Demir, H., & Demir, S. (2005). Same-sex sexual orientation, childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal behavior in university students in Turkey. Archives of sexual behavior, 34(2), 185-195.
  • Euser, S., Alink, L. R., Tharner, A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2016). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in out‐of‐home care: Increased risk for children with a mild intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29(1), 83-92. doi: 10.1111/jar.12160
  • Filipas, H. H., & Ullman, S. E. (2006). Child sexual abuse, coping responses, self-blame, posttraumatic stress disorder, and adult sexual revictimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(5), 652-672. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0886260506286879
  • Guerra, C., Farkas, C., & Moncada, L. (2018). Depression, anxiety and PTSD in sexually abused adolescents: Association with self-efficacy, coping and family support. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 310-320. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.11.013
  • *Güneri-Yöyen, E. (2017). Çocukluk çağı travması ve benlik saygısı [Childhood trauma and self-respect]. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(1), 267-282.
  • Higgins, D. J., & McCabe, M.P. (2003). Maltreatment and family dysfunction in childhood and the subsequent adjustment of children and adults. Journal of Family Violence, 18(2), 107-120. doi:10.1023/A:1022841215113
  • *Kıvrak, Y., Gey, N., Kıvrak, H. A., Kokaçya, M. H., Çöpoğlu, Ü. S., & Arı, M. (2015). Kadina yönelik es siddeti, çocukluk travmalari, depresyon ve yasam kalitesi: Toplum temelli çalisma [Partner violence against women, childhood trauma, depression and quality of life: a population based-study]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16(5), 314.
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  • Koçtürk, N., & Kızıldağ, S. (2018). Çocukluk Dönemi Cinsel İstismarına İlişkin Mitler Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30, 778-808.
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Prevalence of The Child Sexual Abuse in Turkey: A Scoping Review

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 209 - 226, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1022625

Öz

Çocuk cinsel istismarı (ÇCİ) farklı sosyal, kültürel ve sosyoekonomik düzeylerde ortaya çıkabilmektedir. ÇCİ olgusunu sağlıklı bir şekilde ele almak ve önleyebilmek için, ÇCİ'nin kapsamını belirlemek gerekir. Bu nedenle, bu derlemede Türkiye'de ÇCİ'nin yaygınlık oranları, Haziran-Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında literatür taraması yapılarak elde edilen çalışmlarla ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Uuluslararası ve Türk elektronik literatür veri tabanlarını (Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Science Direct, PsychINFO, Google Scholar ve TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM National Database) araştırıldı ve uygun olabilecek 523 çalışma belirlenmiştir. Dahil etme sürecinden sonra, on dört araştırma değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, çocuk cinsel istismarı yaygınlığının %2.8-32.4 arasında olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca incelenen çalışmaların tamamına yakınının toplum temelli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, popülasyon temelli çalışmaların çoğunluğunun olumlu yönüne rağmen, araştırmaların yaklaşık üçte birinin örneklem büyüklüğü yeterli değildir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma ile Türkiye'deki araştırmaların metodolojik özellikleri çerçevesinde ÇCİ’nin yaygınlığı hakkında çeşitli bilgilere ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçlar, Türkiye'de ÇCİ yaygınlığı ile ilgili daha fazla sayıda ve geniş ölçekli çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Note. Studies which marked with an asterisk (*) were included in the present research.
  • Akçınar, B. (2017). Aile sistemlerinde şiddetin döngüsü [The cycle of violence in family systems]. Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches, 6(4), 40-64.
  • *Alikasifoglu, M., Erginoz, E., Ercan, O., Albayrak-Kaymak, D., Uysal, O., & Ilter, O. (2006). Sexual abuse among female high school students in Istanbul, Turkey. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(3), 247-255.
  • Aslan, S. H., & Alparslan Z. N. (1999). The reliability, validity and factor structure of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire among a group of university students. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10, 275-285.
  • Atiqul, M. H., Janson, S., Moniruzzaman, S., Rahman, A. F., Islam, S. S., Mashreky, S. R., & Eriksson, U. B. (2019). Children's exposure to physical abuse from a child perspective: A population-based study in rural Bangladesh. PloS One, 14(2), 1-16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212428
  • *Aydın, B., Akbas, S., Turla, A., & Dundar, C. (2016). Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in child victims of sexual abuse: Perceived social support as a protection factor. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 70(6), 418-423.doi:10.3109/08039488.2016.1143028
  • Balcı, A. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler [Research methods, techniques and principles in the social sciences]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Barth, J., Bermetz, L., Heim, E., Trelle, S., & Tonia, T. (2013). The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 58(3), 469-483. doi:10.1007/s00038-012-0426-1
  • Boney-McCoy, S., & Finkelhor, D. (1995). Prior victimization: A risk factor for child sexual abuse and for PTSD-related symptomatology among sexually abused youth. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19(12), 1401-1421. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00104-9
  • Boney-McCoy, S., & Finkelhor, D. (1995). Psychosocial sequelae of violent victimization in a national youth sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(5), 726. doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.5.726
  • Bown, M. J., & Sutton, A. J. (2010). Quality control in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 40(5), 669-677. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.07.011
  • Christensen, L.B., Johnson, R. B. & Turner, L. A. (2015). Research methods, design, and analysis (12th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Civil, B., & Yıldız, H. (2010). Erkek öğrencilerin cinsel deneyimleri ve toplumdaki cinsel tabulara yönelik görüşleri [Male students' opinions about sexual experience and social taboos related to sexuality]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi, 3(2), 58-64
  • Cromer, L. D., & Goldsmith, R. E. (2010). Child sexual abuse myths: Attitudes, beliefs, and individual differences. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 19(6), 618-647. doi: 10.1080/10538712.2010.522493
  • Çak, H. T., & Erden, S. (2013). Güneydoğu Anadolu'da bir il merkezinde bildirim yapılmış istismar ve ihmal olgularının özellikleri [Characterıstıcs of reported childhood abuse and neglect cases in South-Eastern Anatolia]. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 20(1), 5-12.
  • *Çelik, Ç. B., & Odacı, H. (2012). The effect of experience of childhood abuse among university students on self-perception and submissive behavior. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(1), 200-204
  • Çetin, K., & Altıner, H. (2019). Cinsel istismara uğramış çocukların sosyodemografik değerlendirilmesi [Sociodemographical evaluation of children with sexual abuse]. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Ereğli Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 135-147
  • Diaz, A., Shankar, V., Nucci-Sack, A., Linares, L. O., Salandy, A., Strickler, H. D., Burk, R. D., & Schlect, N. F. (2020). Effect of child abuse and neglect on risk behaviors in inner-city minority female adolescents and young adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 101, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104347
  • Domhardt, M., Münzer, A., Fegert, J. M., & Goldbeck, L. (2015). Resilience in survivors of child sexual abuse: A systematic review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(4), 476-493. doi:10.1177/1524838014557288
  • *Eskin, M., Kaynak-Demir, H., & Demir, S. (2005). Same-sex sexual orientation, childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal behavior in university students in Turkey. Archives of sexual behavior, 34(2), 185-195.
  • Euser, S., Alink, L. R., Tharner, A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2016). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in out‐of‐home care: Increased risk for children with a mild intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29(1), 83-92. doi: 10.1111/jar.12160
  • Filipas, H. H., & Ullman, S. E. (2006). Child sexual abuse, coping responses, self-blame, posttraumatic stress disorder, and adult sexual revictimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(5), 652-672. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0886260506286879
  • Guerra, C., Farkas, C., & Moncada, L. (2018). Depression, anxiety and PTSD in sexually abused adolescents: Association with self-efficacy, coping and family support. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 310-320. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.11.013
  • *Güneri-Yöyen, E. (2017). Çocukluk çağı travması ve benlik saygısı [Childhood trauma and self-respect]. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(1), 267-282.
  • Higgins, D. J., & McCabe, M.P. (2003). Maltreatment and family dysfunction in childhood and the subsequent adjustment of children and adults. Journal of Family Violence, 18(2), 107-120. doi:10.1023/A:1022841215113
  • *Kıvrak, Y., Gey, N., Kıvrak, H. A., Kokaçya, M. H., Çöpoğlu, Ü. S., & Arı, M. (2015). Kadina yönelik es siddeti, çocukluk travmalari, depresyon ve yasam kalitesi: Toplum temelli çalisma [Partner violence against women, childhood trauma, depression and quality of life: a population based-study]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16(5), 314.
  • Koçtürk, N. (2020). Gender and child abuse and neglect. In O. H. Avcı (Ed.), Gender (pp. 357-391). Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
  • Koçtürk, N., & Bilginer, S. Ç. (2020). Adolescent sexual abuse victims' levels of perceived social support and delayed disclosure. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105363.
  • Koçtürk, N., & Kızıldağ, S. (2018). Çocukluk Dönemi Cinsel İstismarına İlişkin Mitler Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30, 778-808.
  • Lee, S., Lyvers, M., & Edwards, M. S. (2008). Childhood sexual abuse and substance abuse in relation to depression and coping. Journal of Substance Use, 13(5), 349-360. doi:10.1080/14659890802211077
  • Letourneau, E. J., Brown, D. S., Fang, X., Hassan, A., & Mercy, J. A. (2018). The economic burden of child sexual abuse in the United States. Child Abuse & Neglect, 79, 413-422. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.02.020
  • Levine, E. C., Martinez, O., Mattera, B., Wu, E., Arreola, S., Rutledge, S. E., ... & Welles, S. (2018). Child sexual abuse and adult mental health, sexual risk behaviors, and drinking patterns among Latino men who have sex with men. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(3), 237-253. doi:10.1080/10538712.2017.1343885
  • Maniglio, R. (2012). Child sexual abuse in the etiology of anxiety disorders: A systematic review of reviews. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 14(2), 96-112. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838012470032
  • Maniglio, R. (2015). Significance, nature, and direction of the association between child sexual abuse and conduct disorder: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(3), 241-257. doi:10.1177/1524838014526068
  • McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276-282.
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264-269. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
  • Mullings, J. L., Marquart, J. W., & Brewer, V. E. (2000). Assessing the relationship between child sexual abuse and marginal living conditions on HIV/AIDS-related risk behavior among women prisoners. Child Abuse, & Neglect, 24(5), 677-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00127-7
  • Munn, Z., Moola, S., Lisy, K., Riitano, D., & Tufanaru, C. (2015). Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and cumulative incidence data. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 13(3), 147-153. doi:10.1097/XEB.0000000000000054
  • *Mutlu, H. (2015). Çocukluk çağı travmalarının erişkin dönem obezitesiyle ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi) [Assesment of the relationships between childhood traumas and adult obesity] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Nachmias, C. F., & Nachmias, D. (1996). Research methods in the social sciences (5th ed.). London: Arnold.
  • Ogloff, J. R., Cutajar, M. C., Mann, E., Mullen, P., Wei, F. T. Y., Hassan, H. A. B., & Yih, T. H. (2012). Child sexual abuse and subsequent offending and victimisation: A 45 year follow-up study. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (440), 1-6. Retrieved from:https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=578804228398477;res=IELAPA
  • *Öncü, E. (2009). Mersin mesleki eğitim merkezine devam eden çırakların istismar durumlarının değerlendirilmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [Assessment of Child Abuse Among Apprentices Who Receiving Education and Training at Mersin Occupational Training Center] (Unpublished master dissertation). Mersin Üniversitesi, Mersin.
  • *Özcan, Ç., Saç, R. Ü., & Taşar, M. A. (2017). İstismara Uğradığını Belirten Ergenlerin Sosyodemografik Özellikleri [Sociodemographic Features of Adolescents who had Abuse Experiences]. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi, 12(1), 18-25.
  • Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gómez-Benito, J. (2009). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(4), 328-338. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.007
  • Pittenger, S. L., Huit, T. Z., & Hansen, D. J. (2016). Applying ecological systems theory to sexual revictimization of youth: A review with implications for research and practice. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 26, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.11.005
  • Popović, S. (2018). Child sexual abuse in Croatia: A systematic review of research. Ljetopis Socijalnog Rada, 25(1), 5-37. doi:10.3935/ljsr.v25i1.190
  • Sanjeevi, J., Houlihan, D., Bergstrom, K. A., Langley, M. M., & Judkins, J. (2018). A review of child sexual abuse: Impact, risk, and resilience in the context of culture. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(6), 622-641. doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1486934
  • Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Alink, L. R., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2014). The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of meta‐analyses. Child Abuse Review, 24(1), 37-50. doi:10.1002/car.2353
  • Stoltenborgh, M., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Euser, E. M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2011). A global perspective on child sexual abuse: meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16(2), 79-101. doi:10.1177/1077559511403920
  • *Şahin, N. H., Timur, S., Ergin, A. B., Taşpinar, A., Balkaya, N. A., & Çubukçu, S. (2010). Childhood trauma, type of marriage and self-esteem as correlates of domestic violence in married women in Turkey. Journal of family violence, 25(7), 661-668.
  • Thompson, R., Lewis, T., Neilson, E. C., English, D. J., Litrownik, A. J., Margolis, B., et al. (2017). Child maltreatment and risky sexual behavior. Child Maltreatment, 22(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559516674595.
  • Tıraşçı, Y., & Gören, S. (2007). Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali [Child abuse and neglect]. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 34(1), 70-74.
  • Tonmyr, L., & Shields, M. (2017). Childhood sexual abuse and substance abuse: A gender paradox? Child Abuse & Neglect, 63, 284-294. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.004
  • *Turla, A., Tomak, L., & Pekşen, Y. (2009). Çıraklık eğitim merkezine devam eden gençlerin iş yerinde istismara uğrama sıklığı [The frequency of exploitation of the youth who attend apprenticeship education centre in the place of work]. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics, 18(3), 167-173.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2018). Children Statistics. Retrieved from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30708
  • *Türkmen, M., Okyay, P., Ata, O., & Okuyanoglu, S. (2004). A descriptive study on street children living in a southern city of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 46(2), 131-136.
  • Uslu, R. İ., & Kapci, E. G. (2014). Türkiye’de çocukların cinsel sömürü ve cinsel istismarı, Son 12 yılda yapılan araştırmaların sistematik değerlendirilmesi [Sexual exploitation and sexual abuse of children in Turkey, A systematic review of the literature of the last 12 years]. Ankara: Alp Ofset Matbaacılık.
  • World Health Organization. (2006). Preventing child maltreatment: A guide to taking action and generating evidence. World Health Organisation and International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Switzerland: Geneva. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43499/1/9241594365_eng.pdf
  • Wurtele, S.K., & Kenny, M.C. (2010). Partnering with parents to prevent childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review, 19(2), 130-152. doi:10.1002/car.1112
  • *Yıldırım, A., Karataş, M., Yılmaz, R., Çetin, I., & Şenel, I. (2013). Prevalence and correlates of school violence and sexual abuse among adolescents in Tokat, Turkey. HealthMed, 7(2), 382-392.
  • *Yılmaz-Irmak, T., Aksel, Ş., & Thompson, D. (2016). Coping strategies and depression among college students following child sexual abuse in Turkey. Journal of child sexual abuse, 25(8), 881-894
  • *Zoroğlu, S. S., Tüzün, Ü., Sar, V., Öztürk, M., Kora, M. E., & Alyanak, B. (2001). Çocukluk dönemi istismar ve ihmalinin olasi sonuçları [Probable results of childhood abuse and neglect]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2(2), 69-73.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muharrem Koç 0000-0002-9138-2205

Nilüfer Koçtürk 0000-0001-6124-1842

Tolga Zencir 0000-0002-5434-9676

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Koç, M., Koçtürk, N., & Zencir, T. (2023). Prevalence of The Child Sexual Abuse in Turkey: A Scoping Review. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 34(1), 209-226. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1022625