Intergenerational transmission: How do offsprings of refugee families inherit trauma?

Öz

While forced migration is increasing on a global scale, second generations who were born in settled countries after migration are at risk through intergenerational transmission mechanisms, even if they have not been directly exposed to traumatic events. Since migration is often treated by states as a security risk or a matter of cohesion that needs to be dealt with, the first-generation refugees’ psychosocial well-being is ignored. The aim of this study is to determine how the parents of future generations who were not directly exposed to forced migration and thus affected by their parents’ traumatic experiences. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method studies on refugee families in the intergenerational transmission literature were analyzed following the PRISMA systematic review guide. Only four studies (n=4) out of 597 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies emphasized the importance of parent-child interaction and family communication styles, but the sample size was small. This systematic review aims to expand our knowledge on the traumatic effects of migration and its impact on subsequent generations. Practical and policy recommendations for the development of social service system to prevent possible negative effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Forced migration
• Trauma
• Intergenerational transmission
• Systematic review
• Social work

KUŞAKLARARASI AKTARIM: MÜLTECİ AİLELERİN ÇOCUKLARI TRAVMAYI NASIL MİRAS ALIYORLAR?

Öz

Zorunlu göç küresel ölçekte günbegün artarken göç sonrası yerleşilen ülkelerde doğan kuşaklar travmatik yaşantılara doğrudan maruz kalmamış olsalar da kuşaklararası aktarım mekanizmaları ile risk altındadırlar. Göç, çoğu zaman devletler tarafından bir güvenlik riski ya da halledilmesi gereken bir uyum meselesi olarak ele alındığı için göçü yaşayanların psikososyal iyilik hali dahil göz ardı edilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, zorunlu göç yaşantısına ve dolayısıyla travmatik yaşantılara doğrudan maruz kalmayan sonraki kuşakların ebeveynlerinin bu yaşantılarından nasıl etkilendiklerini belirlemektir. Kuşaklararası aktarım literatüründeki mülteci ailelere yönelik niceliksel, niteliksel ve karma yöntem araştırmalar, PRISMA sistematik derleme kılavuzu takip edilerek analiz edilmiştir. Tarama sonucunda 597 çalışmadan yalnızca dört çalışma (n=4) analize dahil edilme kriterini sağlamıştır. Söz konusu araştırmalar, ebeveyn-çocuk etkileşiminin ve aile içi iletişim tarzlarının önemine vurgu yapmakla birlikte örneklemin niceliksel hacmi küçüktür. Bu sistematik derlemenin, göçün travmatik etkilerinin kuşaklararası aktarımı ve sonraki kuşaklar üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin bilgi düzeyimizi genişletmesi hedeflenmiştir. Olası olumsuz etkilerin önlenmesine dair sosyal hizmet sisteminin geliştirilmesi için pratik öneriler ve politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zorunlu göç
• Travma
• Kuşaklararası aktarım
• Sistematik derleme
• Sosyal hizmet

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