Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 83 Sayı: 298, 887 - 912, 22.12.2019

Hayrunnisa Turan

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2019.887

Öz

Türk-İslam devletleri arasında Memlûklere özgü bir uygulama olarak dikkat çeken armacılık sistemi, yalnızca devletin teşkilat yapısını yansıtmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda sanatsal gelişimine de ayna tutmaktadır. Memlûk devlet yapılanmasında emirlerin oldukça etkin konumda bulunmaları armacılık sisteminin yaygınlaşmasına
ön ayak olmuştur. Memlûk sarayında sultanın özel hizmetinde bulunan emirlerin çeşitli vazifelerinin nişanesi olan armalar mimariden el sanatlarına kadar pek çok alanda kullanılmıştır. Memlûk sultanları da hükümdarlık öncesi hizmetlerinin karşılığında çeşitli armalar edinmişse de, emirlerin sayıca fazlalığı emirlere ait armaların yoğunluğunu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Memlûk hakimiyet coğrafyasında sıklıkla rastlanan söz konusu armaların Kudüs’te bulunan ve çoğunluğu emirlere ait olan
örnekleri bu çalışma kapsamında incelenip değerlendirilmiştir. Armacılık sisteminin amacına uygun biçimde yapıların ya da diğer eserlerin en gösterişli yerlerinde ve ince işçiliklerle nakşedilen bu sembolik işaretlerin Kudüs’te de önemli bir iz bıraktığı anlaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Armacılık, Arma (renk), Alamet, Memlûk sanatı

Blazons of Mamluk Turkish State in Jerusalem (Ranks)

Öz

Heraldry draws attention as an application special to Mamluks among the Turkish-Islamic states, which not only refl ects the organizational structure of the state but also mirrors the artistic development of it. Amirs are quite effi cient in Mamluk state structure and initiate proliferation of the heraldry system in this way. Blazons, which are signs of various offi ces of amirs for special service of sultan in Mamluk court, were used in many fi elds from the architecture to the crafts. Though Mamluk sultans also attained a variety of ranks for services in the court before the reign, the outnumbering amirs accompony intensity of the blazons pertain to them. Blazons which prevail in Mamluk domination geography, the examples in Jerusalem with majority of them belong to the amirs are researched and evaluated in this study. It is understood that these symbolic badges which are designed in ostentatious places of the buildings or the other works of art with fi ne craftsmanship suitably for the purpose of heraldry system made also substantial marks on Jerusalem.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heraldry, Blazon (rank), Badge, Mamluk Art

Kaynakça

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