Araştırma Makalesi
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Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 83 Sayı: 298, 887 - 912, 22.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2019.887

Öz

Türk-İslam devletleri arasında Memlûklere özgü bir uygulama olarak dikkat çeken armacılık sistemi, yalnızca devletin teşkilat yapısını yansıtmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda sanatsal gelişimine de ayna tutmaktadır. Memlûk devlet yapılanmasında emirlerin oldukça etkin konumda bulunmaları armacılık sisteminin yaygınlaşmasına
ön ayak olmuştur. Memlûk sarayında sultanın özel hizmetinde bulunan emirlerin çeşitli vazifelerinin nişanesi olan armalar mimariden el sanatlarına kadar pek çok alanda kullanılmıştır. Memlûk sultanları da hükümdarlık öncesi hizmetlerinin karşılığında çeşitli armalar edinmişse de, emirlerin sayıca fazlalığı emirlere ait armaların yoğunluğunu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Memlûk hakimiyet coğrafyasında sıklıkla rastlanan söz konusu armaların Kudüs’te bulunan ve çoğunluğu emirlere ait olan
örnekleri bu çalışma kapsamında incelenip değerlendirilmiştir. Armacılık sisteminin amacına uygun biçimde yapıların ya da diğer eserlerin en gösterişli yerlerinde ve ince işçiliklerle nakşedilen bu sembolik işaretlerin Kudüs’te de önemli bir iz bıraktığı anlaşılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKLAR Allan, J. W., “Mamluk Sultanic Heraldry and the Numismatic Evidence: A Reinterpratation”, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, S. 2, 1970, s. 100, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25203199 (30.05.2018).
  • Arat, Reşid Rahmeti, Kutadgu Bilig I Metin, Milli Eğitim Basımevi, İstanbul 1947.
  • Balog, Paul, “New Considerations on Mamluk Heraldry”, Museum Notes, S. 22, 1977, s. 183, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43573553 (30.05.2018).
  • Behrens-Abouseif, Doris, “The Architecture of the Bahri Mamluks”, In Islamic Architecture in Cairo: An Introduction, Leiden, New York 1989, s. 121.
  • Bloom, Jonathan M., “Mamluk Art and Architectural History: A Review Article”, Mamluk Studies Review, S. 3, Middle East Documentation Center, Chicago 1999, s. 52-53.
  • Bozkurt, Nebi, “Renk”, Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 34, 2007, s. 575.
  • Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton, Mamluk Jerusalem An Architectural Study, Scorpion Publishing Ltd., Great Britain 1987.
  • Devellioğlu, Ferit, Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat, Aydın Kitabevi, Ankara 2013.
  • Dummett, Michael, Abu-Deeb, Kamal, “Some Remarks on Mamluk Playing Cards”, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, S. 36, 1973, s. 106-112, http://www.jstor.org/stable/751160 (30.05.2018).
  • Esin, Emel, “‘Ay Bıtığı’ The Court Attendants in Turkish Iconography”, Central Asiatic Journal, C. 14, S. 1/3, 1970, s. 105, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41926865 (30.05.2018).
  • Esin, Emel, “’And’ The Cup Rites in Inner Asian and Turkish Art”, Forschungen Zur Kunst Asiens In Memoriam Kurt Erdmann, Baha Matbaası, İstanbul 1969, s. 227-255.
  • Flood, F. B., “Umayyad Survivals and Mamluk Revivals: Qalawunid Architecture and the Great Mosque of Damascus”, Muqarnas, S. 14, Brill, 1997, s. 68, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1523236 (31.05.2018).
  • Gabr, Aly Hatem, The Influence of Traditional Muslim Beliefs on Medieval Religious Architecture A Study of the Bahri Mamluk Period, Ph. D Thesis, University of Edinburgh Department of Architecture, 1992, s. 146.
  • İbrahim, Laila Ali, “Residential Architecture in Mamluk Cairo”, Muqarnas, S. 2, Brill, 1984, s. 55, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1523055 (30.05.2018).
  • Kenney, Ellen, “A Mamluk Monument Restored: The Dar al-Qur’an wa-al- Hadith of Tankiz al-Nasiri in Damascus”, Mamluk Studies Review, S. 11 (1), Middle East Documentation Center, Chicago 2007, s. 85, 96.
  • Kenney, Ellen, “Mixed Metaphors: Iconography and Medium in Mamluk Glass Mosaic Decoration”, Artibus Asiae, C. 66, S. 2, 2006, s. 181, 183, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25261861 (30.05.2018).
  • Kopraman, Kâzım Yaşar, “Baybars I”, Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 5, 1992, s. 221.
  • Lapidus, Ira M., “Mamluk Patronage and the Arts in Egypt: Concluding Remarks”, Muqarnas, S. 2, Brill, 1984, s. 180, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1523064 (30.05.2018).
  • Mayer, L. A., Saracenic Heraldry, Oxford University Press, 1933.
  • Meinecke, Michael, Die Mamlukische Architektur in Agypten und Syrien, Glückdtadt 1992.
  • Nicolle, David, Mcbride, Angus, Men-At-Arms Series The Mamluks 1250-1517, Osprey Publishing Ltd., London 1993.
  • Okumura, Sumiyo, “The Mamluk Kaaba Curtain in the Bursa Grand Mosque”, Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings, Lincoln 2012, s. 2-5.
  • Özgeriş, M. Melis, “XVIII. Yüzyıl Divan Şiirinde Hat Malzemeleri”, Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, S. 3/2, 2014, s. 182-188.
  • Rabbat, Nasser, “Rank”, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, C. 8, 1995, s. 431.
  • Rabbat, Nasser, “In Search of a Triumphant Image: the Experimental Quality of Early Mamluk Art”, The Arts of the Mamluks in Egypt and Syria-Evolution and Impact, Doris Behrens-Abouseif (ed.) Bonn Univertsity Press, 2012, s. 23, 28.
  • Nasser Rabbat, Mamluk History Through Archtitecture, I.B. Tauris, New York 2010.
  • Rice, D. S., “Studies in Islamic Metal Work”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, S. 14 (3), 1952, s. 575-577, http://www.jstor.org/stable/609116 (30.05.2018).
  • Saad, Heba Mahmoud, “Radiating Inscription on Mamluk Metalwork”, Abgadiyat, C. 4, S. 1, 2009, s. 106.
  • Sadeq, Moain, “Unpublished Mamluk Blazons and Mottos on Glazed Pottery at the Royal Ontario Museum”, Islam and Civilisational Renewal,C. 3, S. 3, 2012, s. 588.
  • Sadeq, Moain, “Mamluk Cartouches and Blazons Displayed in the Museum of Islamic Arts, Doha; an Art Historic Study”, International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, C. 4, S. 2, 2014, s. 138, 139.
  • Salam-Liebich, Hayat, The Architecture of the Mamluk City of Tripoli, The Aga Khan Program, Cambridge 1983.
  • Selçuk, Bahir, “Klasik Türk Şiirinde Renkli Bir Oyun: Çevgân”, 1st International Scientific Researches Congress Humanity and Social Sciences, Madrid 2016, s. 1860, 1861.
  • Smith, Andrew C., “Mamluk Jerusalem: Architecturally Challenging Narratives”, Lux: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and Research from Claremont Graduate University, C. 3, S. 1, 2013, s. 6.
  • Steenbergen, Jo Van, Order Out of Chaos Patronage, Conflict and Mamluk Socio-Political Culture 1341-1382, Brill, Netherland 2006.
  • Walker, Bethany J., “Ceramic Evidence for Political Transformations in Early Mamluk Egypt”, Mamluk Studies Review, S. 8 (1), Middle East Documentation Center, Chicago 2004, s. 54.
  • Yiğit, Fatma A., “Emir ve Devlet: Dımaşk Nâibi Emir Tengiz’in Hayatı”, Gazi Türkiyat Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 1, S. 14, Bahar 2014, s. 128.
  • Zengin, Murat, “Melikü’l-Eşref Âlâeddin Küçük Ali Dönemi Memlûk Türk Devleti Tarihi”, Turkish Studies, S. 13/8, Ankara Spring 2018, s. 225.
  • Zengin, Murat, “Melikü’l-Mansûr Ebî Bekr b. Muhammed Dönemi Memlûk Türk Devleti Tarihi (Elli Dokuz Günlük Saltanat)”, History Studies, S. 10/3, April 2018, s. 261, 266.
  • http://web.i2ud.org/jerusalem/priv/html3/monuments/sites/t172_bab_as/index.html (31.05.2018).
  • https://archnet.org/media_contents/35286 (31.05.2018).
  • https://archnet.org/media_contents/61703 (31.05.2018).
  • https://archnet.org/sites/1794 (31.05.2018).
  • https://archnet.org/sites/1755/media_contents/35235 (31.05.2018).

Blazons of Mamluk Turkish State in Jerusalem (Ranks)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 83 Sayı: 298, 887 - 912, 22.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2019.887

Öz

Heraldry draws attention as an application special to Mamluks among the Turkish-Islamic states, which not only refl ects the organizational structure of the state but also mirrors the artistic development of it. Amirs are quite effi cient in Mamluk state structure and initiate proliferation of the heraldry system in this way. Blazons, which are signs of various offi ces of amirs for special service of sultan in Mamluk court, were used in many fi elds from the architecture to the crafts. Though Mamluk sultans also attained a variety of ranks for services in the court before the reign, the outnumbering amirs accompony intensity of the blazons pertain to them. Blazons which prevail in Mamluk domination geography, the examples in Jerusalem with majority of them belong to the amirs are researched and evaluated in this study. It is understood that these symbolic badges which are designed in ostentatious places of the buildings or the other works of art with fi ne craftsmanship suitably for the purpose of heraldry system made also substantial marks on Jerusalem.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKLAR Allan, J. W., “Mamluk Sultanic Heraldry and the Numismatic Evidence: A Reinterpratation”, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, S. 2, 1970, s. 100, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25203199 (30.05.2018).
  • Arat, Reşid Rahmeti, Kutadgu Bilig I Metin, Milli Eğitim Basımevi, İstanbul 1947.
  • Balog, Paul, “New Considerations on Mamluk Heraldry”, Museum Notes, S. 22, 1977, s. 183, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43573553 (30.05.2018).
  • Behrens-Abouseif, Doris, “The Architecture of the Bahri Mamluks”, In Islamic Architecture in Cairo: An Introduction, Leiden, New York 1989, s. 121.
  • Bloom, Jonathan M., “Mamluk Art and Architectural History: A Review Article”, Mamluk Studies Review, S. 3, Middle East Documentation Center, Chicago 1999, s. 52-53.
  • Bozkurt, Nebi, “Renk”, Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 34, 2007, s. 575.
  • Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton, Mamluk Jerusalem An Architectural Study, Scorpion Publishing Ltd., Great Britain 1987.
  • Devellioğlu, Ferit, Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat, Aydın Kitabevi, Ankara 2013.
  • Dummett, Michael, Abu-Deeb, Kamal, “Some Remarks on Mamluk Playing Cards”, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, S. 36, 1973, s. 106-112, http://www.jstor.org/stable/751160 (30.05.2018).
  • Esin, Emel, “‘Ay Bıtığı’ The Court Attendants in Turkish Iconography”, Central Asiatic Journal, C. 14, S. 1/3, 1970, s. 105, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41926865 (30.05.2018).
  • Esin, Emel, “’And’ The Cup Rites in Inner Asian and Turkish Art”, Forschungen Zur Kunst Asiens In Memoriam Kurt Erdmann, Baha Matbaası, İstanbul 1969, s. 227-255.
  • Flood, F. B., “Umayyad Survivals and Mamluk Revivals: Qalawunid Architecture and the Great Mosque of Damascus”, Muqarnas, S. 14, Brill, 1997, s. 68, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1523236 (31.05.2018).
  • Gabr, Aly Hatem, The Influence of Traditional Muslim Beliefs on Medieval Religious Architecture A Study of the Bahri Mamluk Period, Ph. D Thesis, University of Edinburgh Department of Architecture, 1992, s. 146.
  • İbrahim, Laila Ali, “Residential Architecture in Mamluk Cairo”, Muqarnas, S. 2, Brill, 1984, s. 55, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1523055 (30.05.2018).
  • Kenney, Ellen, “A Mamluk Monument Restored: The Dar al-Qur’an wa-al- Hadith of Tankiz al-Nasiri in Damascus”, Mamluk Studies Review, S. 11 (1), Middle East Documentation Center, Chicago 2007, s. 85, 96.
  • Kenney, Ellen, “Mixed Metaphors: Iconography and Medium in Mamluk Glass Mosaic Decoration”, Artibus Asiae, C. 66, S. 2, 2006, s. 181, 183, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25261861 (30.05.2018).
  • Kopraman, Kâzım Yaşar, “Baybars I”, Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 5, 1992, s. 221.
  • Lapidus, Ira M., “Mamluk Patronage and the Arts in Egypt: Concluding Remarks”, Muqarnas, S. 2, Brill, 1984, s. 180, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1523064 (30.05.2018).
  • Mayer, L. A., Saracenic Heraldry, Oxford University Press, 1933.
  • Meinecke, Michael, Die Mamlukische Architektur in Agypten und Syrien, Glückdtadt 1992.
  • Nicolle, David, Mcbride, Angus, Men-At-Arms Series The Mamluks 1250-1517, Osprey Publishing Ltd., London 1993.
  • Okumura, Sumiyo, “The Mamluk Kaaba Curtain in the Bursa Grand Mosque”, Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings, Lincoln 2012, s. 2-5.
  • Özgeriş, M. Melis, “XVIII. Yüzyıl Divan Şiirinde Hat Malzemeleri”, Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, S. 3/2, 2014, s. 182-188.
  • Rabbat, Nasser, “Rank”, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, C. 8, 1995, s. 431.
  • Rabbat, Nasser, “In Search of a Triumphant Image: the Experimental Quality of Early Mamluk Art”, The Arts of the Mamluks in Egypt and Syria-Evolution and Impact, Doris Behrens-Abouseif (ed.) Bonn Univertsity Press, 2012, s. 23, 28.
  • Nasser Rabbat, Mamluk History Through Archtitecture, I.B. Tauris, New York 2010.
  • Rice, D. S., “Studies in Islamic Metal Work”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, S. 14 (3), 1952, s. 575-577, http://www.jstor.org/stable/609116 (30.05.2018).
  • Saad, Heba Mahmoud, “Radiating Inscription on Mamluk Metalwork”, Abgadiyat, C. 4, S. 1, 2009, s. 106.
  • Sadeq, Moain, “Unpublished Mamluk Blazons and Mottos on Glazed Pottery at the Royal Ontario Museum”, Islam and Civilisational Renewal,C. 3, S. 3, 2012, s. 588.
  • Sadeq, Moain, “Mamluk Cartouches and Blazons Displayed in the Museum of Islamic Arts, Doha; an Art Historic Study”, International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, C. 4, S. 2, 2014, s. 138, 139.
  • Salam-Liebich, Hayat, The Architecture of the Mamluk City of Tripoli, The Aga Khan Program, Cambridge 1983.
  • Selçuk, Bahir, “Klasik Türk Şiirinde Renkli Bir Oyun: Çevgân”, 1st International Scientific Researches Congress Humanity and Social Sciences, Madrid 2016, s. 1860, 1861.
  • Smith, Andrew C., “Mamluk Jerusalem: Architecturally Challenging Narratives”, Lux: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and Research from Claremont Graduate University, C. 3, S. 1, 2013, s. 6.
  • Steenbergen, Jo Van, Order Out of Chaos Patronage, Conflict and Mamluk Socio-Political Culture 1341-1382, Brill, Netherland 2006.
  • Walker, Bethany J., “Ceramic Evidence for Political Transformations in Early Mamluk Egypt”, Mamluk Studies Review, S. 8 (1), Middle East Documentation Center, Chicago 2004, s. 54.
  • Yiğit, Fatma A., “Emir ve Devlet: Dımaşk Nâibi Emir Tengiz’in Hayatı”, Gazi Türkiyat Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 1, S. 14, Bahar 2014, s. 128.
  • Zengin, Murat, “Melikü’l-Eşref Âlâeddin Küçük Ali Dönemi Memlûk Türk Devleti Tarihi”, Turkish Studies, S. 13/8, Ankara Spring 2018, s. 225.
  • Zengin, Murat, “Melikü’l-Mansûr Ebî Bekr b. Muhammed Dönemi Memlûk Türk Devleti Tarihi (Elli Dokuz Günlük Saltanat)”, History Studies, S. 10/3, April 2018, s. 261, 266.
  • http://web.i2ud.org/jerusalem/priv/html3/monuments/sites/t172_bab_as/index.html (31.05.2018).
  • https://archnet.org/media_contents/35286 (31.05.2018).
  • https://archnet.org/media_contents/61703 (31.05.2018).
  • https://archnet.org/sites/1794 (31.05.2018).
  • https://archnet.org/sites/1755/media_contents/35235 (31.05.2018).
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hayrunnisa Turan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 83 Sayı: 298

Kaynak Göster

APA Turan, H. (2019). Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler). BELLETEN, 83(298), 887-912. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2019.887
AMA Turan H. Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler). TTK BELLETEN. Aralık 2019;83(298):887-912. doi:10.37879/belleten.2019.887
Chicago Turan, Hayrunnisa. “Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler)”. BELLETEN 83, sy. 298 (Aralık 2019): 887-912. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2019.887.
EndNote Turan H (01 Aralık 2019) Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler). BELLETEN 83 298 887–912.
IEEE H. Turan, “Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler)”, TTK BELLETEN, c. 83, sy. 298, ss. 887–912, 2019, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2019.887.
ISNAD Turan, Hayrunnisa. “Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler)”. BELLETEN 83/298 (Aralık 2019), 887-912. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2019.887.
JAMA Turan H. Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler). TTK BELLETEN. 2019;83:887–912.
MLA Turan, Hayrunnisa. “Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler)”. BELLETEN, c. 83, sy. 298, 2019, ss. 887-12, doi:10.37879/belleten.2019.887.
Vancouver Turan H. Kudüs’teki Memlûk Türk Devleti Armaları (‘Renk’ler). TTK BELLETEN. 2019;83(298):887-912.