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MEDICAL TOURISM AND COMPARISON IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 19, 47 - 79, 30.12.2021

Öz

Medical tourism includes travel to other destinations for medical reasons. Millions of tourists travel to other countries every day to protect and improve their mental and physical health. While the destinations traveled were previously only developed countries, nowadays these medical travels are from developed countries to developing countries. This was caused by high treatment costs, long waiting lists, the desire to combine health and vacation service, and legal restrictions for some treatments. The aim of the study is to reveal some characteristics of the leading destinations (India, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Israel) in medical tourism and make comparisons between these features. According to the results of the study, the most suitable countries for medical procedures in medical tourism are Malaysia and Thailand, while the most common medical procedures are orthopedics, cardiology and cosmetic surgery. According to the numerical results, India has the highest number of doctors, Israel has the highest average number of doctors per person, and Thailand has the highest number of accredited hospitals.

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GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE MEDİKAL TURİZM VE KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 19, 47 - 79, 30.12.2021

Öz

Medikal turizm, tıbbi nedenlerle diğer destinasyonlara yapılan seyahatleri kapsamaktadır. Milyonlarca turist, zihinsel ve fiziksel sağlıklarını korumak ve iyileştirmek için her gün başka ülkelere seyahat etmektedir. Seyahat edilen destinasyonlar önceden sadece gelişmiş ülkelerden oluşurken, şimdilerde bu tıbbi seyahatler gelişmiş ülkelerden gelişmekte olan ülkelere doğru olmaktadır. Bu duruma, yüksek tedavi maliyetleri, uzun bekleme listeleri, sağlık ve tatil hizmetini birleştirme isteği ve bazı tedaviler için var olan yasal kısıtlamalar neden olmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı medikal turizmde lider konumda olan destinasyonların (Hindistan, Malezya, Tayland, Singapur, İsrail) bazı özelliklerini ortaya koyarak bu özellikler arasında karşılaştırmalar yapmaktır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre medikal turizmde tıbbi işlemler açısından en uygun ülkeler Malezya ve Tayland iken, en çok uygulanan tıbbi işlemler ise ortopedi, kardiyoloji ve kozmetik cerrahidir. Sayısal sonuçlara göre ise en fazla doktor sayısında Hindistan, kişi başına düşen en yüksek doktor ortalamasında İsrail, akreditasyonlu hastane sayısında en fazla olan ülke ise Tayland olarak belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

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  • Ormond, M. (2011a). Shifting Subjects of Health‐Care: Placing ‘Medical Tourism’in the Context of Malaysian Domestic Health‐Care Reform. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 52(3): 247-259.
  • Ormond, M. (2011b). Medical Tourism, Medical Exile: Responding to the Cross-Border Pursuit of Healthcare in Malaysia. İçinde; C. Minca ve T. Oakes Var (Editörler) In Real tourism: Representation, practice and the ‘material’ in contemporary travel (ss. 143-161). London: Routledge.
  • Pasific Prime (2006-2021).Singapur’daa Sağlık Maliyetleri, https://www.pacificprime.com/singapore/healthcare-costs/, Erişim tarihi: 27 Ocak 2021.
  • Pasific Prime Singapore (2006-2021). Singapur’da Medikal Turizm, https://www.pacificprime.sg/medical-tourism-in-singapore/, Erişim tarihi: 29 Ocak 2021.
  • Patient Beyond Border (2019a). Lider Medikal Destinasyonlar Hangileridir ?, https://patientsbeyondborders.com/medical-tourism-statis tics-facts, Erişim tarihi: 15 Mart 2019 aktaran Berdine, G. (2019). Medical Tourism, The Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles, 7 (28): 53–54.
  • Patient Beyond Border (2019b). Niçin Bu Destinasyonlar, https://www.patientsbeyondborders.com/media, Erişim tarihi: 8 Ekim 2020.
  • Pearce, F., Lin, L., Teo, E., Ng, K. ve Khoo, D. (2019). Health Technology Assessment and its Use in Drug Policies: Singapore. Value in Health Regional Issues, 18: 176-183.
  • Performance Management and Delivery Unit [PEMANDU] (2010). Creating Wealth Through Excellence In Healthcare, http://www.moh.gov.my/images/gallery/ETP/NKEA Penjagaan Kesihatan.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 7 Ocak 2021.
  • Piazolo, M. ve Zanca, N. A. (2011). Medical Tourism-A Case Study for the USA and India, Germany and Hungary, Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 8 (1): 136-160.
  • Pitakdumrongkit, K. (2020). Governing Medical Tourism: The Roles of Singaporean Government. Thailand and The World Economy, 38 (1): 29-53.
  • PlacidWay (2007). Tel Aviv’ de Yağ Aldırma Maliyetleri, https://www.placidway.com/answer-detail/29043/How-much-does-Liposuction-cost-in-Tel-Aviv-Israel#:~:text=The%20price%20for%20Liposuction%20in,medical%20equipment%20will%20be%20used. Erişim tarihi: 27 Ocak 2021.
  • Quora (2020). Hindistan’daki Popüler Medikal Tedaviler, https://www.quora.com/Whats-the-most-popular-medical-treatment-in-India, Erişim tarihi: 29 Ocak 2021.
  • Ray, S. ve Mukherjee, A. (2007). Development of a Framework Towards Successful Implementation of E-Governance Initiatives In Health Sector in India, Int J Health Care Qual Assur, 20 (6): 464-483.
  • Rerkrujipimol, J. ve Assenov, I. (2008). Medical Tourism in Thailand and its Marketing Strategies, http://www. conference. phuket. psu. ac. th/PSU OPEN WEEK.
  • Rohaizat, Y. (2004). Realization of ‘Vision for Health’ Through Health Planning, NCD Malaysia, 3 (1): 35– 41.
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  • Sagar, R ve Latha, P.V. (2014). Medical Tourism - an Emerging Industry in India, J Med Sci Res, 2 (3): 169-77.
  • Saleh, S. A., Husain, F., Saud, M. B. B. ve Isa, M. A. M. (April 18-19, 2015) Strategic Marketing & Competitive Analysis of Malaysian Medical Tourism Industry, Proceeding-Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics and Law Conference, 6 (2), Kuala Lumper, Malaysia.
  • Sharma, A. (2013). Medical Tourism: Emerging Challenges and Future Prospects, Int J Business Manag Invent, 2 (1): 21-9.
  • Sheba Tel HaShomer (2021). İsrail’de Medikal Tedavi, https://www.shebaonline.org/medical-tourism-department/, Erişim tarihi: 12 Şubat 2021.
  • Singapore Department of Statistics (2017). Yearbook of Statistics Singapore Ministry of Trade & Industry, Republic of Singapore, Singapore.
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  • Thomson Fertility Centre (2021), IVF Tedavi Maliyetleri, Https://Thomsonfertility.Com.Sg/İvf-Cost/, Erişim tarihi: 27 Ocak 2021.
  • Tontus, H. (2015). Tüm Yönleriyle Sağlık Turizmi Ülkeler, TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlığın Geliştirilmesi Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara: Anıl Matbaacılık, 1 (2): 1-74.
  • Tontuş, H.Ö. (2021), Asya/Uzakdoğu Singapur, http://www.saturk.gov.tr/images/pdf/ust/singapur.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12 Şubat 2021.
  • Wernz, C., Thakur Wernz, P. ve Phusavat, K. (2014). Service Convergence and Service Integration in Medical Tourism, Industrial Management ve Data Systems, 114 (7): 1094–1106.
  • WHO (2017). Constitution of the World Health Organization: Principles, www/about/mission/en, Erişim tarihi: 1 Şubat 2017). Aktaran Sag, I. ve Zengul, F.D. (2019). Why Medical Tourists Choose Turkey as a Medical Tourism Destination?, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 2 (3): 296-306.
  • Wilson, A. (2011). Foreign Bodies and National Scales: Medical Tourism in Thailand, Body & Society, 17 (2-3): 121-137. Wongkit, M. ve McKercher, B. (2013). Toward a Typology of Medical Tourists: A Case Study of Thailand, Tourism Management, 38 (1): 4-12.
  • Woodman, J. (2009). Patients Beyond Borders: Turkey Edition, North Carolina: A Healthy Travel Media. WorldAtlas (2020). Dünya Nerede, https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/countries-with-the-most-doctors-per-capita.html, Erişim tarihi: 9 Şubat 2021.
  • Yuasa, S.H. (2005). Asian Hospitals Cashing in on ‘Medical Tourism, Bangkok Post, O5.
Toplam 118 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gamze Alp 0000-0002-6925-280X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 19

Kaynak Göster

APA Alp, G. (2021). GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE MEDİKAL TURİZM VE KARŞILAŞTIRMALARI. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, 19(19), 47-79.

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