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Genç Sürücülerde Sürücü Becerileri ve Sürücü Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2018, , 1 - 15, 25.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.418260

Öz



Karayolu
trafik kazaları dünya genelinde tüm yaş grupları, özellikle genç sürücüler, için
önde gelen halk sağlığı problemlerinden biridir. Sürücü davranışları ve sürücü
becerileri kazaya etki eden önemli insan faktörlerindendir. Özellikle sürücü
davranışları ve sürücü becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi trafik
ortamındaki insan faktörlerinin doğası ile ilgili detaylı bilgi sunmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada, genç sürücülerde sürücü davranışları ve sürücü becerileri arasındaki
ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında sürücü becerileri özbildirim yöntemi
kullanılarak sürücü davranışları hem özbildirim hem de sürüş simülatörü
kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar algısal-motor becerilerin, ihlaller ve sürüş
simülatöründeki farklı yollardaki hız davranışıyla pozitif ilişkili olduğunu
gösterirken; güvenlik becerilerinde bu ilişkinin negatif olduğunu göstermiştir.
Yapılan aşamalı regresyon analizlerine göre, güvenlik becerileri ihlalleri ve
hız davranışlarını negatif olarak yordamaktadır. Ayrıca, hem algısal-motor hem
de güvenlik becerileri olumlu sürücü davranışlarını pozitif olarak yordamıştır.
Çalışma kapsamında alanyazında ilk defa sürücü becerileri ve sürücü
davranışları arasındaki ilişki hem özbildirim hem de sürüş simülatörü
kullanılarak Türkiye’de genç sürücü örnekleminde çalışılmıştır. Sonuçlar genç
sürücülerde sürücü davranışları ve sürücü becerileri arasındaki ilişki
açısından detaylı bilgi
sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • af Wåhlberg A., Dorn, L. ve Kline, T. (2011). The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as a predictor of road traffic accidents. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 12(1), 66–86. doi: 10.1080/14639220903023376
  • Bella, F. (2008). Driving simulator for speed research on two-lane rural roads. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 40, 1078–1087. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.10.015
  • Bener, A. ve Crundall, D. (2008). Role of gender and driver behaviour in road traffic crashes. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 13(3), 331–336. doi: 10.1080/13588260801942684
  • Brooks, J. O., Goodenough, R. R., Crisler, M. C., Klein, N. D., Alley, R. L., Koon, B. L., …, Wills, R. F. (2010). Simulator sickness during driving simulator studies. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 788–796. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.013
  • Calvi, A., Benedetto, A. ve de Blasiis, M. R. (2012). A driving simulator study of driver performance on deceleration lanes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 45, 195–203. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.06.010
  • Carsten, O. ve Jamson, A. H. (2011). Driving simulators as research tools in traffic psychology. B. E. Porter (Ed.), Handbook of Traffic Psychology (pp.87-96). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
  • Casutt, G., Martin, M., Keller, M., ve Jäncke, L. (2014). The relationship between performance in on-road driving, cognitive screening and driving simulator in older healthy drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 22, 232–244. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2013.12.007
  • Cordazzo, S. T. D., Scialfa, C. T., Bubric, K. ve Ross, R. J. (2014). The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire: A North American analysis. Journal of Safety Research, 50, 99–107. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2014.05.002
  • de Winter, J. C. F. ve Dodou, D. (2010). The Driver Beahviour Questionnaire as a predictor of accidents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Safety Research, 41, 463–470. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.10.007
  • Delhomme, P. (1991). Comparing one's driving with others': Assessment of abilities and frequency of offences. Evidence for a superior conformity of self-bias? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 23(6), 493–508.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2015a). Global Status Report on Road Safety. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2015/en/
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2015b). 10 facts on global road safety. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/roadsafety/facts/en/
  • Elander, J., West, R. ve French, D. (1993). Behavioral correlates of individual differences in road-traffic crash risk: an examination method and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113(2), 279–294.
  • Goldenbeld, C. ve van Schages, I. (2007). The credibility of speed limits on 80 km/h rural roads: The effects of road and person(ality) characteristics. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 39, 1121–1130. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.02.012
  • Gras, M. E., Sullman, M. J. M., Cunill, M., Planes, M., Aymerich, M. ve Font-Mayolas, S. (2006). Spanish drivers and their aberrant driving behaviors. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9, 129–137. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2005.09.004
  • Guého, L., Granié, M. A. ve Abric, J. C. (2014). French validation of a new version of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) for drivers of all ages and level of experiences. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 63, 41–48. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.10.024
  • Hassan, H. M., Shawy, M., Kishta, M., Garib, A. M. ve Al-Harthei, H. A. (2017). Investigation of drivers’ behavior towards speeds using crash data and self-reported questionnaire. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 98, 348–358. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.10.027
  • Helman, S. ve Reed, N. (2015). Validation of the driver behaviour questionnaire using behavioural data from an instrumented vehicle and high-fidelity driving simulator. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 75, 245–251. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.12.008
  • Lajunen, T. ve Summala, H. (1995). Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers’ self-assessments. Personality & Individual Differences, 19(3), 307–318.
  • Lajunen, T., Corry, A., Summala, H. ve Hartley, L. (1998a). Cross-cultural differences in drivers’ self-assessment of their perceptual-motor and safety skills: Australians and Finns. Personality and Individual Differences, 24(4), 539–550.
  • Lajunen, T., Parker, D. ve Stradling, S. G. (1998b). Dimensions of driving anger, aggressive and highway code violations and their mediation by safety orientation in UK drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 1, 107–121.
  • Lewin, I. (1982). Driver training: a perceptual-motor skill approach. Ergonomics, 25, 917–924.
  • Martinussen, L. M., Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., Møller, M., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2013). Age, gender, mileage, and the DBQ: The validity of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire in different driver groups. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 52, 228–236. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.036
  • Martinussen, L. M., Møller, M. ve Prato, C. G. (2014). Assessing the relationship between the Driver Behavior Questionnaire and the Driver Skill Inventory: Revealing sub-groups of drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 26, 82–91. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2014.06.008
  • Ostapczuk, M., Joseph, R., Pufal, J. ve Musch, J. (2017). Validation of the German version of the Driver Skill Inventory (DSI) and the Driver Social Desirability Scales (DSDS). Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 45, 169–182. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2016.12.003
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005). A new addition to DBQ: Positive Driver Behaviours Scale. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 8, 355–368. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.018
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2006). What causes the differences in driving between young men and women? The effects of gender roles and sex on young drivers’ driving behaviors and self-assessment of skills. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9, 269–277. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.005
  • Öztürk, İ. (2017). Örtük ve Açık Sürücü Becerilerine İlişkin Genç Sürücü Davranışları. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Parker, D. & Stradling, S. (2001). Influencing Driver Attitudes and Behaviour, DETR Road Safety Research Report No.17, London: DETR.
  • Reason, J. T., Manstead, A., Stradling, S. G., Baxter, J. ve Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the road – A real distinction. Ergonomics, 33(10/11), 1315–1332.
  • Rowe, R., Roman, G. D., McKenna, F. P., Barker, E. ve Poulter, D. (2015). Measuring errors and violations on the road: A bifactor modeling approach 93 to the Driver Behavior Questionnaire. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 74, 118–125. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.10.012
  • Shi, J., Bai, Y., Ying, X. ve Atchley, P. (2010). Aberrant driving behaviors: A study of drivers in Beijing. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1031–1040. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.010
  • Sümer, N. ve Özkan, T. (2002). The role of driver behaviors, skills, and personality traits in traffic accidents. Journal of Turkish Psychology, 17(50), 1–22.
  • Sümer, N., Lajunen, T. ve Özkan, T. (2002). Sürücü davranışlarının kaza risklerindeki roller: İhlaller ve hatalar, Traffic and Road Safety International Congress, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey, 8-12 May.
  • Sümer, N., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2006). Asymmetric relationship between driving and safety skills. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38, 703–711. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2005.12.016
  • Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Eherenfreund-Hager, A. ve Prato, C. G. (2016). The value of self-report measures as indicators of driving behaviors among young drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 39, 33–42. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2016.03.005
  • Treat, J. R., Tumbas, N. S., McDonald, S. T., Shinar, D., Hume, R. D., Mayer, R. E., Stanisfer, R. L. ve Castellan, N. J. (1977). Tri-level study of the causes of traffic accidents. Report No. DOT-HS-034-3-535-77 (TAC).
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2016). Karayolu trafik kaza istatistikleri, 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21611
  • Weiss, H. B., Kaplan, S. ve Prato, C. G. (2014). Analysis of factors associated with injury severity in crashes involving young New Zealand drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 65, 142–155. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.12.020

The Relationship between Driving Skills and Driver Behaviors among Young Drivers

Yıl 2018, , 1 - 15, 25.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.418260

Öz

Road traffic accidents are one of the leading public
health problem for all over the world and for all age groups, especially for
young drivers. Driver behaviors and driving skills are important human factors
components for these accidents. Examining the relationship between driver
behaviors and driving skills provides detailed information regarding the nature
of human factors in traffic settings. In the current study, the relationship
between driving skills and driver behaviors was investigated among young
drivers. Driving skills were measured by using self-reports and driver
behaviors were measured by using both self-reports and driving simulator. The
results showed that perceptual-motor skills were positively correlated and
safety skills were negatively correlated with violations and speeding behaviors
at different roads in driving simulator. According to hierarchical regression
analysis, safety skills were negatively related to violations and speeding
behaviors. Both perceptual-motor skills and safety skills were positively
related to positive driver behaviors. For the first time in the literature, the
relationship between driving skills and driver behaviors were measured by using
both self-reports and driving simulator among young drivers in Turkey. The
results provided detailed understanding regarding the relationship between
driver behaviors and driving skills among young drivers.


Kaynakça

  • af Wåhlberg A., Dorn, L. ve Kline, T. (2011). The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as a predictor of road traffic accidents. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 12(1), 66–86. doi: 10.1080/14639220903023376
  • Bella, F. (2008). Driving simulator for speed research on two-lane rural roads. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 40, 1078–1087. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.10.015
  • Bener, A. ve Crundall, D. (2008). Role of gender and driver behaviour in road traffic crashes. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 13(3), 331–336. doi: 10.1080/13588260801942684
  • Brooks, J. O., Goodenough, R. R., Crisler, M. C., Klein, N. D., Alley, R. L., Koon, B. L., …, Wills, R. F. (2010). Simulator sickness during driving simulator studies. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 788–796. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.013
  • Calvi, A., Benedetto, A. ve de Blasiis, M. R. (2012). A driving simulator study of driver performance on deceleration lanes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 45, 195–203. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.06.010
  • Carsten, O. ve Jamson, A. H. (2011). Driving simulators as research tools in traffic psychology. B. E. Porter (Ed.), Handbook of Traffic Psychology (pp.87-96). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
  • Casutt, G., Martin, M., Keller, M., ve Jäncke, L. (2014). The relationship between performance in on-road driving, cognitive screening and driving simulator in older healthy drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 22, 232–244. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2013.12.007
  • Cordazzo, S. T. D., Scialfa, C. T., Bubric, K. ve Ross, R. J. (2014). The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire: A North American analysis. Journal of Safety Research, 50, 99–107. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2014.05.002
  • de Winter, J. C. F. ve Dodou, D. (2010). The Driver Beahviour Questionnaire as a predictor of accidents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Safety Research, 41, 463–470. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.10.007
  • Delhomme, P. (1991). Comparing one's driving with others': Assessment of abilities and frequency of offences. Evidence for a superior conformity of self-bias? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 23(6), 493–508.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2015a). Global Status Report on Road Safety. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2015/en/
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2015b). 10 facts on global road safety. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/roadsafety/facts/en/
  • Elander, J., West, R. ve French, D. (1993). Behavioral correlates of individual differences in road-traffic crash risk: an examination method and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113(2), 279–294.
  • Goldenbeld, C. ve van Schages, I. (2007). The credibility of speed limits on 80 km/h rural roads: The effects of road and person(ality) characteristics. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 39, 1121–1130. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.02.012
  • Gras, M. E., Sullman, M. J. M., Cunill, M., Planes, M., Aymerich, M. ve Font-Mayolas, S. (2006). Spanish drivers and their aberrant driving behaviors. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9, 129–137. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2005.09.004
  • Guého, L., Granié, M. A. ve Abric, J. C. (2014). French validation of a new version of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) for drivers of all ages and level of experiences. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 63, 41–48. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.10.024
  • Hassan, H. M., Shawy, M., Kishta, M., Garib, A. M. ve Al-Harthei, H. A. (2017). Investigation of drivers’ behavior towards speeds using crash data and self-reported questionnaire. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 98, 348–358. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.10.027
  • Helman, S. ve Reed, N. (2015). Validation of the driver behaviour questionnaire using behavioural data from an instrumented vehicle and high-fidelity driving simulator. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 75, 245–251. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.12.008
  • Lajunen, T. ve Summala, H. (1995). Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers’ self-assessments. Personality & Individual Differences, 19(3), 307–318.
  • Lajunen, T., Corry, A., Summala, H. ve Hartley, L. (1998a). Cross-cultural differences in drivers’ self-assessment of their perceptual-motor and safety skills: Australians and Finns. Personality and Individual Differences, 24(4), 539–550.
  • Lajunen, T., Parker, D. ve Stradling, S. G. (1998b). Dimensions of driving anger, aggressive and highway code violations and their mediation by safety orientation in UK drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 1, 107–121.
  • Lewin, I. (1982). Driver training: a perceptual-motor skill approach. Ergonomics, 25, 917–924.
  • Martinussen, L. M., Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., Møller, M., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2013). Age, gender, mileage, and the DBQ: The validity of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire in different driver groups. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 52, 228–236. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.036
  • Martinussen, L. M., Møller, M. ve Prato, C. G. (2014). Assessing the relationship between the Driver Behavior Questionnaire and the Driver Skill Inventory: Revealing sub-groups of drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 26, 82–91. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2014.06.008
  • Ostapczuk, M., Joseph, R., Pufal, J. ve Musch, J. (2017). Validation of the German version of the Driver Skill Inventory (DSI) and the Driver Social Desirability Scales (DSDS). Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 45, 169–182. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2016.12.003
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005). A new addition to DBQ: Positive Driver Behaviours Scale. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 8, 355–368. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.018
  • Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2006). What causes the differences in driving between young men and women? The effects of gender roles and sex on young drivers’ driving behaviors and self-assessment of skills. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9, 269–277. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.005
  • Öztürk, İ. (2017). Örtük ve Açık Sürücü Becerilerine İlişkin Genç Sürücü Davranışları. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Parker, D. & Stradling, S. (2001). Influencing Driver Attitudes and Behaviour, DETR Road Safety Research Report No.17, London: DETR.
  • Reason, J. T., Manstead, A., Stradling, S. G., Baxter, J. ve Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the road – A real distinction. Ergonomics, 33(10/11), 1315–1332.
  • Rowe, R., Roman, G. D., McKenna, F. P., Barker, E. ve Poulter, D. (2015). Measuring errors and violations on the road: A bifactor modeling approach 93 to the Driver Behavior Questionnaire. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 74, 118–125. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.10.012
  • Shi, J., Bai, Y., Ying, X. ve Atchley, P. (2010). Aberrant driving behaviors: A study of drivers in Beijing. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1031–1040. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.010
  • Sümer, N. ve Özkan, T. (2002). The role of driver behaviors, skills, and personality traits in traffic accidents. Journal of Turkish Psychology, 17(50), 1–22.
  • Sümer, N., Lajunen, T. ve Özkan, T. (2002). Sürücü davranışlarının kaza risklerindeki roller: İhlaller ve hatalar, Traffic and Road Safety International Congress, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey, 8-12 May.
  • Sümer, N., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2006). Asymmetric relationship between driving and safety skills. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38, 703–711. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2005.12.016
  • Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Eherenfreund-Hager, A. ve Prato, C. G. (2016). The value of self-report measures as indicators of driving behaviors among young drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 39, 33–42. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2016.03.005
  • Treat, J. R., Tumbas, N. S., McDonald, S. T., Shinar, D., Hume, R. D., Mayer, R. E., Stanisfer, R. L. ve Castellan, N. J. (1977). Tri-level study of the causes of traffic accidents. Report No. DOT-HS-034-3-535-77 (TAC).
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2016). Karayolu trafik kaza istatistikleri, 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21611
  • Weiss, H. B., Kaplan, S. ve Prato, C. G. (2014). Analysis of factors associated with injury severity in crashes involving young New Zealand drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 65, 142–155. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.12.020
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İbrahim Öztürk 0000-0002-5113-1225

Türker Özkan 0000-0002-5501-9257

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, İ., & Özkan, T. (2018). Genç Sürücülerde Sürücü Becerileri ve Sürücü Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki. Trafik Ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.418260

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