Road Traffic Safety Before and During COVID-19: Have Restrictions Reduced Fatalities?

Öz

During COVID-19 pandemic, many restrictions have been applied to reduce social interaction, which might be related with road traffic density. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between COVID-19 related restrictions and road traffic accidents by comparing the monthly rates between 2019 and 2020 (traffic fatalities, traffic injuries, traffic accidents with injuries and fatalities, and traffic accidents with property damage only). For the analyses, the traffic accident data were computed per 1000 people in province for all 81 cities in Turkey to make more accurate comparisons. The traffic accident-related injury rates decreased in all months between March and December. Similarly rate of accidents with injuries and fatalities decreased in all months except for July. However, the road traffic fatality rates decreased only in May and October and, the rates of accidents with property damage only decreased in March, April, May, June, and December. According to results, although the rates of accidents declined in general, the fatality rates did not show a similar pattern. The low traffic density, which is due to the restrictions, might be related with higher speeds on the roads. The findings were discussed based on timeline of restrictions that have been applied by the government. It can be suggested that speed related enforcements might be applied even there is lockdown in a province not just to decrease number of accidents but also fatalities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• road safety
• covid-19
• speed
• driver behaviors
• fatality

COVID-19 Öncesinde ve Sonrasında Yol Trafik Güvenliği: Kısıtlamalar Ölüm Oranlarını Azalttı Mı?

Öz

COVID-19 pandemisi süresince sosyal etkileşimi azaltmak adına birçok kısıtlama uygulanmıştır ve bu kısıtlamaların yol trafik yoğunluğu ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2019 ve 2020 yıllarındaki aylık verileri (trafikteki can kayıpları, trafikteki yaralanmalar, yara veya ölümle sonuçlanan trafik kazaları ve sadece mal hasarıyla sonuçlanan trafik kazaları) karşılaştırarak COVID-19 nedenli kısıtlamaların yollardaki trafik kazaları ile ilişkisini incelemektir. (Eski hali: trafik kazalarına etkisini incelemektir.) Analizlerde daha doğru karşılaştırmalar yapabilmek için trafik kaza verileri Türkiye’deki 81 il için 1000 kişide 1 olacak şekilde hesaplanmıştır. Trafik kazalarında yaralanma oranları Mart ve Aralık arasındaki her ay için azalış göstermiştir. Benzer olarak yaralama veya ölümle sonuçlanan kaza oranları da temmuz ayı hariç her ay azalış göstermiştir. Ancak, trafikteki can kaybı oranları sadece mayıs ve ekim ayında; sadece mal hasarıyla sonuçlanan trafik kazaları ise sadece mart, nisan, mayıs, haziran ve aralık aylarında azalmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde kaza oranları genel olarak azalsa da can kaybı oranları benzer bir azalış göstermemiştir. Kısıtlamalardan dolayı trafik yoğunluğunun azalmış olması ile yollarda daha hızlı araç kullanılması arasında ilişki olabilir. Bulgular hükümetin kısıtlama uyguladığı süre zarfına dayanarak ortaya konmuştur. Bir ilde sokağa çıkma yasağı olsa bile, sadece kaza sayısını değil, ölümleri de azaltmak için hız ile ilgili yaptırımların uygulanabileceği önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yol güvenliği
• covid-19
• hız
• sürücü davranışı
• can kaybı

Kaynakça

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