Traffic Avoidance in Relation to Demographic Characteristics

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 108 - 122, 31.10.2019

Özgün Özkan , Bahar Öz

https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.621367

Cited By: 1

Öz

Driver
behaviours are the main contributory factor which affect traffic safety
negatively. These behaviours may occur intentionally such as violations or
unintentionally such as mistakes. Additionally, avoidance behaviour which can
be related to risky behaviour appears as an important factor that must be
investigated. In traffic situations, drivers can exhibit avoidance behaviour
for many reasons such as traffic conditions, bad weather conditions or their
accident history. The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship
between avoidance behaviour and demographic characteristics of the drivers. One
hundred fifty-three males, 138 females, a total of 291 drivers participated in
the study. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire including a
demographic information form and the Driving and Riding Avoidance Scale (DRAS).
In the first step, DRAS was translated into Turkish and factor analysis was
conducted. After that, to investigate the relationship between avoidance
behaviour and demographic characteristics, hierarchical regression analyses
were conducted. Results showed that avoidance behaviour is positively related
to accident history while it is negatively related to age. Additively, female
drivers showed more avoidance behaviour than male drivers. The findings are
important for understanding avoidance behaviour, which has the potential to
affect traffic safety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

avoidance, demographic characteristics, traffic safety

Sürücü Demografik Özelliklerinin Trafikte Kaçınma Davranışı ile İlişkisi

Öz

Sürücülerin yolda sergiledikleri riskli davranışlar, trafik güvenliğini
olumsuz etkileyen temel unsurlardandır. Genel çerçevede incelendiğinde bu
davranışlar ihlaller gibi niyetli, ya da hatalar gibi niyet içermeyen
davranışlardan oluşabilir. Bununla birlikte bu tür riskli davranışların ortaya
çıkmasıyla ilişkilendirilebilecek kaçınma davranışı da başlı başına incelenmesi
gereken bir unsur olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Sürücülerin hava durumu, trafik
durumu, kaza geçmişi gibi pek çok nedenden dolayı kaçınma davranışı
gösterdikleri görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sürücülerin demografik
özelliklerinin kaçınma davranışı ile ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın
örneklemini 153 erkek, 138 kadın, toplam 291 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Veri
toplamak amacıyla demografik bilgi formu ve Araç Kullanma ve Araca Binmekten
Kaçınma Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle Araç Kullanma ve Araca Binmekten
Kaçınma Ölçeği Türkçe’ye uyarlanıp faktör analizi ile uygunluğu test
edilmiştir. Daha sonra demografik özellikler ve kaçınma davranışı arasındaki
ilişkiyi incelemek adına aşamalı regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular,
sürücülerin kaçınma davranışlarının kaza geçmişleriyle pozitif, yaş ile negatif
yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte kadın sürücülerin erkek
sürücülere göre trafikte daha fazla kaçınma davranışı gösterdiği
bulgulanmıştır. Sonuçlar trafik güvenliğini etkileyebilecek potansiyele sahip
olan kaçınma davranışını ve bu davranışı gösteren sürücü profilini anlamak
adına önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

kaçınma, demografik özellikler, trafik güvenliği

Kaynakça

• Błachnio, A., Przepiórka, A., Sullman, M. ve Taylor, J. (2013). Polish adaptation of the driving and riding avoidance scale. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 44(2), 185–192. doi:10.2478/ppb-2013-0021
• Ehlers, A., Hofmann, S. G., Herda, C. A. ve Roth, W. T. (1994). Clinical characteristics of driving phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 8(4), 323–339. doi:10.1016/0887-6185(94)00021-2
• Elander, J., West, R. ve French, D. (1993). Behavioral correlates of individual differences in road-traffic crash risk: An examination of methods and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113(2), 279–294. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.113.2.279
• Evans, L. (1991). Traffic safety and the driver. Science Serving Society.
• French, D. J., West, R. J., Elander, J. ve Wilding, J. M. (1993). Decision-making style, driving style, and self-reported involvement in road traffic accidents. Ergonomics, 36(6), 627–644. doi: 10.1080/00140139308967925
• Hennessy, D. (2011). Social, personality, and affective constructs in driving. Porter, B. E. (Ed.), Handbook of Traffic Psychology içinde (s. 149-163). San Diego, CA: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381984-0.10012-8
• Huang, P. ve Winston, F. K. (2011). Young drivers. Porter, B. E. (Ed.), Handbook of Traffic Psychology içinde (s. 315-338). San Diego, CA: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381984-0.10023-2
• Kontogiannis, T. (2006). Patterns of driver stress and coping strategies in a Greek sample and their relationship to aberrant behaviors and traffic accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38, 913–924. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2006.03.002
• Lajunen, T. ve Summala, H. (1995). Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers' self-assessments. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(3), 307–318. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00068-H
• Lewin, I. (1982). Driver training: a perceptual-motor skill approach. Ergonomics, 25, 917–924. doi:10.1080/00140138208925051
• Matthews, G., Dorn, L., Hoyes, T. W., Davies, D. R., Glendon, A. I. ve Taylor, R. G. (1998). Driver stress and performance on a driving simulator. Human Factors, 40(1), 136–149. doi:10.1518/001872098779480569
• Maycock, G., Lockwood, C. R. ve Lester, J. F. (1991). The accident liability of car drivers. TRL Report 315. Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne.
• Mayhew, D. R., Simpson, H. M. ve Pak, A. (2003). Changes in collision rates among novice drivers during the first months of driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 35(5), 683-691. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00047-7
• Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005). Multidimensional Traffic Locus of Control Scale (T-LOC): factor structure and relationship to risky driving. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(3), 533–545. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.05.007
• Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2006). What causes the differences in driving between young men and women? The effects of gender roles and sex on young drivers’ driving behaviour and self-assessment of skills. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9(4), 269-277. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.005
• Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2011). Person and environment: Traffic culture. Porter, B. E. (Ed.), Handbook of Traffic Psychology içinde (s. 179-192). San Diego, CA: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381984-0.10014-1
• Özkan, T., Lajunen, T., ve Summala, H. (2006). Driver behaviour questionnaire: A follow-up study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(2), 386-395. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.10.012
• Patten, C. J., Kircher, A., Östlund, J., Nilsson, L. ve Svenson, O. (2006). Driver experience and cognitive workload in different traffic environments. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(5), 887–894. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2006.02.014
• Pêcher, C., Lemercier, C. ve Cellier, J. M. (2009). The influence of emotions on driving behaviour. Traffic Psychology and Driving Behaviour, New-York: Hindawi Publishers.
• Pravossoudovitch, K., Martha, C., Cury, F. ve Granié, M.-A. (2015). Sex and age differences in the endorsement of sex stereotypes associated with driving. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18, 1–8. doi:10.1017/sjp.2015.94
• Reason, J., Manstead, A., Stradling, S., Baxter, J. ve Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction? Ergonomics, 33(10-11), 1315-1332. doi:10.1080/00140139008925335
• Smith, B., Mackenzie-Ross, S. ve Scragg, P. (2007). Prevalence of poor psychological morbidity following a minor road traffic accident (RTA): The clinical implications of a prospective longitudinal study. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 20(2), 149–155. doi:10.1080/09515070701403679
• Stewart, A. E. (2005). Attributions of responsibility for motor vehicle crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 37(4), 681–688. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.03.010
• Stewart, A. E. ve Peter, C. C. S. (2004). Driving and riding avoidance following motor vehicle crashes in a non-clinical sample: Psychometric properties of a new measure. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(8), 859–879. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00203-1
• Taylor, J. E. (2011). Mental health and driving. B. E. Porter. (Ed.), Handbook of Traffic Psychology içinde (s. 165-178). San Diego, CA: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381984-0.10013-X
• Taylor, J. ve Deane, F. P. (2000). Comparison and characteristics of motor vehicle accident (MVA) and non-MVA driving fears. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14(3), 281–298. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(99)00040-7
• Taylor, J. E. ve Sullman, M. J. (2009). What does the driving and riding avoidance scale (DRAS) measure?. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(4), 504-510. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.10.006
• Taylor, J. E., Deane, F. P. ve Podd, J. V. (2000). Determining the focus of driving fears. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14(5), 453-470. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(00)00033-5
• Taylor, J., Deane, F. ve Podd, J. (2002). Driving-related fear: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 22(5), 631–645. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00114-3
• Turner, C. ve McClure, R. (2003). Age and gender differences in risk-taking behaviour as an explanation for high incidence of motor vehicle crashes as a driver in young males. Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 10(3), 123–130. doi:10.1076/icsp.10.3.123.1456