BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)

Murat Akar; Müge Bulu; Demet Kara

doi:10.22520/tubaar.1477360

TR EN

KIRSAL YERLEŞİM TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK’TE (HATAY, TÜRKİYE) ORTA TUNÇ ÇAĞI’NIN YENİDEN KENTLEŞME DÖNEMİ ÖNCESİ

Öz

Bu makalede, Hatay ili Altınözü ilçesinde yer alan ve kırsal bir yerleşim olan Toprakhisar Höyük’te yapılan araştırma-kurtarma kazıları sırasında açığa çıkarılan Erken Tunç Çağı IVB’nin sonu (yaklaşık M.Ö. 2300-2100) ve Orta Tunç Çağı I’in (yaklaşık M.Ö. 2100-1800) başına tarihlenen tabakaları değerlendirilmiştir. Açığa çıkarılan arkeolojik kalıntılar, Amik Ovası’ndaki Tayinat ve Aççana Höyük merkezleriyle ilişkili olarak yüksek kırsal üzerinden Erken Tunç Çağı’nın sonunda yaşanan çöküş ve Orta Tunç Çağı’nda yeniden kentleşme dönemiyle ilgili araştırma sorularını irdeleme fırsatı sunmuştur. Erken Tunç Çağı IVB dönemine ait Erken Transkafkasya ve Kuzey Suriye etkili karışık bir materyal kültürünü takip eden Orta Tunç Çağı’nın erken evrelerinde yeni bir yerel üslubun ortaya çıkması, Amurru ve Hurri yayılımı gibi literatürde yer alan tartışmalara da katkıda bulunmamızı sağlamakta ve iklim değişikliklerinin tetiklediği uzak mesafeli insan hareketliliği ve kültürel melezleşme hipotezini öne çıkarmaktadır. Çevresel ve antropojenik baskılar altında, yerleşimin zeytinyağı ve şarap üreticisi olarak kazandığı güçlü ekonomik rolünün, Orta Tunç Çağı yeniden kentleşme döneminde önemli bir etken olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erken Tunç Çağı, Orta Tunç Çağı, Toprakhisar Höyük, Amik Ovası, Çöküş, Yeniden Kentleşme

BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)

Öz

This article explores the end of Early Bronze Age IVB (ca. 2300-2100 BC) and the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age I (ca. 2100-1800 BC) levels encountered during the research-rescue excavations conducted at Toprakhisar Höyük, a peripheral site located in the hilly landscape of the Altınözü district of Hatay. The archaeological remains exposed provided the possibility to explore research questions regarding the Early Bronze Age collapse and Middle Bronze Age re-urbanization from the stand point of the highland periphery in relation to the city centers of Tell Tayinat and Tell Atchana in the Amuq Valley of Hatay. The mixed corpus of the ephemeral Early Bronze IVB assemblage that includes elements from the Early Transcaucasian to North Syrian cultural horizon was followed by the appearance of a new local material culture in the early phases of the Middle Bronze Age. This allows us to contribute to current debates, including the expansion of the Amorites and Hurrians, and brings forward a hypothesis developed around climate change-induced long distance mobility patterns and cultural hybridization. The functional role of the site as an olive oil and wine producer has been suggested to be a strong economic aspect of the site in terms of its levels that witnessed environmental and anthropogenic stress followed by the subsequent urban expansion period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Toprakhisar Höyük, Amuq Valley, Collapse, Re-urbanization

Destekleyen Kurum

Hatay Archaeological Museum, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Teşekkür

We would like to thank K. Aslıhan Yener, Stephen D. Batiuk and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and to Onur Hasan Kırman and Su Ün for illustrations. We are grateful to Tara Ingman for proofreading the final text.

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Yener, K. A. (2005). The Amuq Valley Regional Projects. In K. A. Yener (Ed.), The Amuq Valley Regional Projects. Vol.1, Surveys in the Plain of Antioch and Orontes Delta, Turkey, 1995-2002 (pp. 1-23). University of Chicago. Yener, K. A. (2007). The Anatolian Middle Bronze Kingdoms and Alalakh: Mukish, Kanesh and Trade. Anatolian Studies, 57, 151-160.
Yener, K. A., Kulakoğlu, F., Yazgan, E., Kontani, R., Hayakawa, Y. S., Lehner, J. W., Dardeniz, G., Öztürk, G., Johnson, M., Kaptan, E. & Hacar, A. (2015). New Tin Mines and Production Sites near Kültepe in Turkey: A Third-millennium BC Highland Production Model. Antiquity, 89(345), 596-612.
Yoffee, N. (1988). The Collapse of Ancient Mesopotamian States and Civilization. In N. Yoffee & G. L. Cowgill (Eds.), The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations (pp. 44-68). The University of Arizona Press.
Zimmermann, T. (2005). Perfumes and Policies - A ‘Syrian Bottle’ from Kinet Höyük and Anatolian Trade Patterns in the Advanced Third Millennium BC. Anatolica, 31, 161-169.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Arkeolojide Seramik, Erken Tunç Çağ Arkeolojisi, Arkeoloji (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Murat Akar ^*
0000-0001-5485-8465
Türkiye

Müge Bulu
0000-0003-1118-7889
Türkiye

Demet Kara
0009-0009-4926-2347
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Aralık 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

3 Mayıs 2024

Kabul Tarihi

5 Ağustos 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Sayı: 35

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.1477360

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA56HN98GL

APA

Akar, M., Bulu, M., & Kara, D. (2024). BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE). TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, 35, 51-72. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.1477360

AMA

1.Akar M, Bulu M, Kara D. BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE). TÜBA-AR. 2024;(35):51-72. doi:10.22520/tubaar.1477360

Chicago

Akar, Murat, Müge Bulu, ve Demet Kara. 2024. “BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, sy 35: 51-72. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.1477360.

EndNote

Akar M, Bulu M, Kara D (01 Aralık 2024) BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE). TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 35 51–72.

IEEE

[1]M. Akar, M. Bulu, ve D. Kara, “BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)”, TÜBA-AR, sy 35, ss. 51–72, Ara. 2024, doi: 10.22520/tubaar.1477360.

ISNAD

Akar, Murat - Bulu, Müge - Kara, Demet. “BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi. 35 (01 Aralık 2024): 51-72. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.1477360.

JAMA

1.Akar M, Bulu M, Kara D. BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE). TÜBA-AR. 2024;:51–72.

MLA

Akar, Murat, vd. “BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, sy 35, Aralık 2024, ss. 51-72, doi:10.22520/tubaar.1477360.

Vancouver

1.Murat Akar, Müge Bulu, Demet Kara. BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE). TÜBA-AR. 01 Aralık 2024;(35):51-72. doi:10.22520/tubaar.1477360

Yayıncı

34406
https://tuba.gov.tr/tr/

Vedat Dalokay Caddesi No: 112 Çankaya 06670 ANKARA

tuba-ar@tuba.gov.tr
(+90) (212) 219 16 60

34410

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^{Makalelerle birlikte gönderilen resim, şekil, tablo vb. materyaller özgün olmalı ya da daha önce yayımlanmışlarsa, hem basılı hem de çevrim içi sürümlerde yayımlanmak üzere eser sahibinden alınmış yazılı izinle birlikte sunulmalıdır. Yazar(lar), dergide yayımlanan çalışmalarının telif hakkını saklı tutar. Makale dergide yayımlandığında, mali haklar ve umuma iletim hakları, işleme, çoğaltma, temsil, basım, yayın ve dağıtım hakları TÜBA’ya devredilecektir. Yayımlanan tüm içeriklerin (metin ve görsel materyaller) telif hakları dergiye aittir. Dergide yayımlanmak üzere kabul edilen makaleler için telif hakkı ya da başka bir ad altında ödeme yapılmaz ve yazar(lar)dan makale işlem ücreti alınmaz; ancak yeniden baskı (reprint) talepleri yazarın sorumluluğundadır.}

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KIRSAL YERLEŞİM TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK’TE (HATAY, TÜRKİYE) ORTA TUNÇ ÇAĞI’NIN YENİDEN KENTLEŞME DÖNEMİ ÖNCESİ

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BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)

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