STATUES OF SEASONS FROM KANDIRA

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 20, 183 - 197, 01.03.2017

S. Sezin Sezer

Öz

In this study, the iconographic and stylistic analysis of three sculptural artworks which were found in Kandıra, the
smallest county of İzmit, called Nicomedia in the Bithynia Region in the ancient times, and which are today exhibited
at the Archaeological Museum of İzmit, were carried out. These works are made up of three male sculptures which
represent autumn, winter and summer, and they belong to the Roman Period. Taking into account that there is nothing
about the sculptural activities of the city, these can give an idea about the sculptural facilities of the city. Therefore,
the introduction of these works will contribute a lot to the world of science.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kandıra , Seasons , Statue , Roman Period , Autumn

KANDIRA’DAN MEVSİMLERİN HEYKELLERİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada, antik dönemde Bithynia Bölgesi’nde yer alan İzmit (Nikomedia) ilinin, Kandıra ilçesinde bulunmuş
olan ve bugün İzmit Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde sergilenen üç adet heykeltıraşlık eserinin ikonografik ve stilistik analizi
yapılmıştır. Bu eserler; sonbahar, kış ve yaz mevsimini temsil eden üç adet erkek heykelinden oluşmaktadır ve Roma
dönemine aittir. Kentteki heykeltıraşlık faaliyetleri hakkında bir bilgimizin olmadığı göz önüne alındığında kentte
bulunmuş olan bu eserler kentin heykeltıraşlığı hakkında ufak da olsa bir fikir verebilmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu
heykeltıraşlık eserlerini tanıtmak bilim dünyasına önemli bir katkı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kandıra , Mevsimler , Heykel , Roma Dönemi , Sonbahar

Kaynakça

• ANGELICOUSSIS, E. 1992. The Woburn Abbey Collection of Classical Antiquities. Mainz am Rhein.
• ASGARI, N. 1978. “Roman and Early Byzantine Marble Quarries of Proconnesus” The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology. Vol. I, Ankaraİzmir, 23-30/IX/1973 (Ed. E.Akurgal). Ankara: 467480.
• BAYDUR, N. 1998. Roma Sikkeleri. İstanbul.
• BIEBER, M. 1915. Die Antiken Skulpturen in Cassel. Kassel.
• BLANC, N./GURY, F. 1986. “Eros/Amor, Cupido” LIMC III.
• BOARDMAN, J. 2005. Yunan Sanatı. (Çev: Y. İlseven), İstanbul.
• CASAL, L.A. 1990 a. “Horai / Horae” LIMC V.
• CASAL, L.A. 1990 b. “Kairoi / Tempora Anni” LIMC V.
• DESPINIS vd.,G. 1997. Catalogue of Sculpture in the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki I. Thessaloniki.
• DUNBABIN, K.M. 1999. Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World. Cambridge.
• ERİM, K. 1990. “Recent work at Aphrodisias 1986-1988”, Aphrodisias Papers Recent Work on Architecture and Sculpture (Eds. C.Rouché/K.T.Erim) Ann Arbor: 9-36.
• FITTSCHEN, K. 1999. Prinzenbildnisse Antoninischer Zeit. Mainz: von Zabern.
• GRIMAL, P. 1997. Mitoloji Sözlüğü, Yunan ve Roma (Çev. S. Tamgüç). İstanbul.
• HANFMANN, M.A. 1951. The Season Sarcophagus in Dumbarton Oaks. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• HORNBLOWER S., 2012. “Horae” The Qxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford.
• İNAN, J./ROSENBAUM, E. 1966. Roman and Early Byzantine Portrait Sculpture in Asia Minor. London.
• İNAN, J./ROSENBAUM, E. 1979. Römische und frühbyzantinische Porträtplastik aus der Türkei: Neue Funde. Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern.
• JOBST, W. 1978. “Römische Mosaiken in Ephesos” The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology. Vol. II, Ankara-İzmir, 23-30/IX/1973 (Ed. E.Akurgal). Ankara: 654-660.
• KEIZER, H.M. 2010. Life Time Entirety. A Study of Aion in Greek Literature and Philosophy the Septuagint and Philo.
• KLEINER, D.E.E. 1992. Roman Sculpture. Yale.
• KRANZ, P. 1984. Jahreszeiten-Sarkophage. Berlin.
• KOCH,G./WIGHT, K. 1988. Roman Funerary Sculpture Catalogue of the Collections. The J.Paul Getty Museum. California.
• KOCH, G. 1990. “Ein dekorativer Sarkophag mit Scherengitter in der Henr E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino” Roman Funerary Monuments in the J.Paul Getty Museum. Volume 1 (Eds. M.True / G.Koch): 59-70.
• KOCH, G. 2001. Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Lahitleri (Çev. Z. İlkgelen), İstanbul.
• LAWRENCE, M. 1958. “Season Sarcophagi of Architectural Type” American Journal of Archaeology 62/3: 273-295.
• LING, R. 1998. Ancient Mosaics. Leiden.
• MACHARIA, V. 1990. “Horai” LIMC V.
• MCCANN, A.M. 1978. Roman Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York.
• MERKER, G.S. 2000. The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore Terracotta Figurines of the Classical, Hellenistic and Roman Periods. Corinth, Vol. XVIII, Part IV. New Jersey.
• MOREY, C.R. 1938. The Mosaics of Antioch. London.
• OKÇU, R. 2009. “Prusia ad Olympum Mozaikleri”, Journal of Mosaic Research 3: 31-51.
• OVIDIUS. 1994. Dönüşümler (Çev: İ. Z. Eyuboğlu). İstanbul.
• ÖZGAN, R. 1995. Die Griechischen und Römischen Skulpturen aus Tralleis. Bonn.
• PARRISH, D. 1979. “Two Mosaics from Roman Tunisia: An African Variation of the Season Theme”, American Journal of Archaeology, 83/3: 280-285.
• PERKINS, J.W. 1951. “Tripolitania and the Marble Trade” The Journal of Roman Studies 41/1-2: 89-104.
• PHILLIPS, L.K. 2008. “Figural Table Supports: Aspects of the Archaeology of Dining in the Roman World”, Aphrodisias Papers 4 (Eds. C. Ratté / R.R.R. Smith). 253-283.
• PFUHL, E./MÖBIUS, H. 1977. Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs I. Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern.
• PLATT, V. 2012. “Framing the Dead on Roman Sarcophagi” Anthropology and Aesthetics 61/62: 213-227
• RICHTER, G.M.A. 1954. Catalogue of Greek Sculptures in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Oxford.
• RIZZO, G.E. 1932. Prassitele. Roma.
• ROSS, A.Ç. 2007. Antik İzmit Nikomedia. İstanbul.
• ROSENBAUM, E. 1960. A Catalogue of Cyrenaican Portrait Sculpture. London.
• SEVİN, V. 2001. Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası I. Ankara.
• SMITH, R.R.R. 2006. Roman Portrait Statuary from Aphrodisias. Aphrodisias II. Mainz am Rhein.
• STERN,W.O./THIMME, D.H. 2007. Kenchreai: Eastern Port of Corinth. IV. Ivory, Bone and Related Wood Finds. Leiden.
• SICHTERMANN, H. 1974. “Neu Römische Sarkophage mit Jahreszeiten”, Mansel’e Armağan, Mélanges Mansel I. Ankara: 303-317.
• SWEETMAN, R.J. 2013. The Mosaics of Roman Crete: Art, Archaeology and Social Change. Cambridge.
• STURGEON, M.C. 2004. Sculpture the Assemblage from the Theater. Corinth. Vol. IX: Part III. New Jersey.
• ŞAHİN, D. 2004. Amisos Mozaiği. Ankara.
• THOMPSON, N.L. 2007. Roman Art. A Resource for Educators. New York.
• TOK, E. 2011. “A New Mosaic Unearthed by An Illicit Excavation in Alaşehir (Philadelphia)”, Journal of Mosaic Research 4: 51-66.
• VERMASEREN, M.J. 1987. Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque. (CCCA), I. Asia Minor. Leiden.
• VİTRUVİUS, 1993. Mimarlık Üzerine On Kitap. (Çev: S.Güven). İstanbul.
• WAYWELL, S.E. 1979. “Roman Mosaics in Greece” American Journal of Archaeology 83/3: 293-321.
• ZANKER, P./EWALD, B.C. 2012. Living with Myths. The Imagery of Roman Sarcophagi. Oxford.