ANIMAL EXPLOITATION AT THE SUBSISTENCE BASE OF THE CHALCOLITHIC GÜLPINAR COMMUNITY

Yıl 2020, , 0 - 0, 31.12.2020

Evangila Pişkin Turan Takaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar2020.27.003

Cited By: 2

Öz

This work examines the patterns of animal exploitation to reveal information the subsistence base of the Chalcolithic settlers of Gülpınar in Northwestern Anatolia. The prehistoric site of Gülpınar, located beneath the remains of the Graeco-Roman sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus (Smintheion), has lately contributed much to our understanding of the Chalcolithic period particularly in western Anatolian littoral. Zooarchaeological evidence from Level II representing the early Chalcolithic 2 period and the succeeding Level III belonging to the Middle Chalcolithic period demonstrates that stock raising, hunting, fishing, and marine molluscs gathering formed an important part of the diet at both levels of occupation at Gülpınar. This zooarchaeological study overall provides a vivid picture of the Chalcolithic communities’ animal exploitation patterns in northwestern Anatolia during a period encompassing a period roughly between 5300 BC and 4300 BC

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gülpınar, Chalcolithic, zooarchaeology

ANIMAL EXPLOITATION IN THE SUBSISTENCE BASE OF THE CHALCOLITHIC GÜLPINAR COMMUNITY

Öz

This work examines the patterns of animal exploitation to reveal information the subsistence base of the Chalcolithic settlers of Gülpınar in Northwestern Anatolia. The prehistoric site of Gülpınar, located beneath the remains of the Graeco-Roman sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus (Smintheion), has lately contributed much to our understanding of the Chalcolithic period particularly in western Anatolian littoral. Zooarchaeological evidence from Level II representing the early Chalcolithic 2 period and the succeeding Level III belonging to the Middle Chalcolithic period demonstrates that stock raising, hunting, fishing, and marine molluscs gathering formed an important part of the diet at both levels of occupation at Gülpınar. This zooarchaeological study overall provides a vivid picture of the Chalcolithic communities’ animal exploitation patterns in northwestern Anatolia during a period encompassing a period roughly between 5300 BC and 4300 BC.

Anahtar Kelimeler

GÜLPINAR, CHALCOLITIC, ZOOARCHAEOLOGY

Kaynakça

• ARBUCKLE, B. S. 2012. “Animals and inequality in Chalcolithic central Anatolia.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 31: 302-313.
• ATICI, L. 2011. Before the Revolution: Epipaleolithic Subsistence in the Western Taurus Mountains, Turkey. Oxford.
• BOESENECK, J. 1986. “Die molluskenfunde.” Archaologischer Anzeiger, 332-337.
• COLONESE, / MANNINO, A. C. / BAR-YOSEF MAYER, D.E. / FA, D. A. / Finlayson, J.C. / LUBELL, D. / STINER, M. C. 2011. “Marine mollusc exploitation in Mediterranean prehistory: An overview.” Quaternary International 239: 86-103.
• CRABTREE, P. J. / JONES, J.M. 1986. “Faunal analysis.” Prehistoric Aphrodisias. An Account of the Excavations and Artifact Studies (Ed. M. S. Joukowsky). Providence: 180–190.
• ÇAKIRLAR, C. 2009. “To the shore, back and again archaeomalacology of Troia.” Studia Troica 18: 59-86.
• ÇAKIRLAR, C. 2015. “Adaptation, identity, and innovation in Neolithic and Chalcolithic Western Anatolia (6800–3000 cal. BC): The evidence from aquatic mollusk shells.” Quaternary International 390: 117-125.
• ÇAKIRLAR, C. / ATICI, L 2017. “Patterns of Animal Exploitation in Western Turkey from Palaeolithic molluscs to Byzantine elephants.” The Oxford Handbook of Zooarchaeology , U. Albarella, ed, Oxford, 266-279.
• DAVIS, S. 1980. “Late Pleistocene and Holocene equid remains from Israel.” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 70: 289-312.
• GALIK, A. / THANHEISER, U. / WIESINGER, S. 2011. “Aktivitäten und Subsistenz in den Siedlungen des Çukuriçi Höyük. Der Forschungsstand nach den Ausgrabungen 2006‒2009.” Prähistorische Zeitschrift 86: 31–66.
• KARALI, L. 1996. “Neolithic Jewellery of bone, shell and Stone.” Neolithic Culture in Greece, G. Papathanasopoulos, /Eds. N. Hidryma and P. Goulandre). Athens: 165-166.
• KARALI, L. 1999. Shells in Aegean Prehistory. Oxford.
• KOZUCH, L. / C. FITZGERALD, 1989. “A guide to identifying shark centra from southeastern archaeological sites.” Southeastern Archaeology 8: 146-157.
• MASHKOUR, M. / BURKE, A. / DOUADY, C. / EISENMANN, J. / HANNI, C. 2006. “Geographic distribution of an extinct equid (Equus hydruntinus: Mammalia, Equidae) revealed by morphological and genetical analyses of fossils.” Molecular Ecology, 15: 2083-2093.
• REESE, D. S. 1983. “The Use of Cone Shells in Neolithic and Bronze Age Greece.” The Annual of the British School at Athens 78: 353-357.
• REESE, D. S. 1986. “The Mediterranean Shell Purple dye Industry.” American Journal of Archaeology 90: 183-191. REESE, D. 2006. “The exploitation of aquatic resources at Bakla Tepe, Liman Tepe and Panaztepe.” Studies in Honor of Hayat Erkanal: Cultural Reflections (Ed. B. Avunç). İstanbul: 626-630.
• SILVER, I. A. 1969. “The ageing of domestic animals.” Science in Archaeology, (Ed. D. R. Brothwell and E. Higgs). London: 283-302.
• SCHWALL, C. / Horejs, B. 2018. “Permanent or Seasonal? Evidence of Settlements in Late Chalcolithic Western Anatolia.” in Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, (Eds. B. Jorejs, C. Müller, M. Luciani, M. Ritter, M. Guidetti, R.B. Salisbury, F. Höflmayer, T. Bürger), 57-68.
• SHACKLETON, J. C. / VAN ANDEL, Tj. H. 1986. “Prehistoric Shore Environments, Shellfish Availability, and Shellfish gathering at Franchthi, Greece.” Geoarchaeology 1:127-143.
• SPERLING, J. W. 1976. “Kum Tepe in the Troad: Trial Excavation 1934,” Hesperia 45 (4): 305-364.
• TAKAOĞLU, T. / A. ÖZDEMİR, 2018 “The Middle Chalcolithic period in the Troad: A new look from Gülpınar.” Communities in Transition: The Circum-Aegean Later Neolithic Stage (ca. 5000/4800-3200/3000 BC), (Eds. S. Dietz, F. Mavridis, Z. Tankosic and T. Takaoğlu). Oxford: 479-490.
• UERPMANN, H.-P. 2003. “Environmental aspects of economic changes in Troia.” Troia and the Troad: Scientific Approaches. Natural Sciences and Archaeology, (Eds. A. Wagner, E. Pernicka, H.-P. Uermann). Berlin: 251–262.
• VAN DEN DRIECH / PÖLLATH, N. 2004. “Vor- und frühgeschichtliche Nutztierhaltung und Jagd auf Büyükkaya in Boğazköy-Hattuša, Zentralanatolien.” Boğazköy-Berichte 7, Mainz.
• WHEELER, A. / JONES. A.K.G. 1989. “Fishes.” Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology. Cambridge.
• WÓJCIK, J. D. 2002. “The comparative osteology of the humerus in European thrushes (Aves: Turdus) including a comparison with other similarly sized genera of passerine birds - preliminary results.” Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 45: 369-381.