MISIR FATIMİLER DÖNEMİ’NDE HAYVAN MOTİFLİ LÜSTER KAPLARI VE İRAN ORTA ÇAĞI ÇÖMLEKÇİLİK ÜRÜNLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 23, 211 - 225, 01.07.2018

Najmeh Nouri Sayed Hashem Hosseyni

Öz

Hayvan motifleri insanoğlunun eserlerinde kullandığı en eski motiflerdendır. Bu motifler Mısır ve İran’da İslamiOrta Çağ’da yanlızca süs amaçlı değil belki zaman zaman umut, korku veya doğa ve hayattaki tehlikelerdesavaşlarda da yardım göstergesi ve bazan de dini inançlar ve eskiye dayalı efsaneler göstergesidir Bu kıymetlive özel göstergeler bazen motifleri tüm tarih boyunca bir mesaj verme sembolü haline getirmiştir. Müslümansanatçılar bu Eskiçağ sembolik motifleri uyarlamış ve İslam Çağı’nın motiflerini İslam’ın bakış açısına uyarlayarakonu hep diri tutmaya çalışmışlar. İslam Çağı’ndan kalan bir çok motif inançlar göstergesi olan sembolik anlamlaradayalıdır. O zaman İslam’ın Orta Çağ’daki çömlek şanatçılarının en sevdiği önemli ve özel hayvan motifleriözellikle Mısır’daki Fatımiler’in kızıl çömlek üzerinde yaptıkları resimler ve İran’ın çömlek ürünleri burada bahiskonusudur. Bu araştırma kaliteli ve pratik bir araştırma olup, bütün veriler var olan dokümanlardan toplanmış vegörünen semboller ile efsanelerin anlamlarının birbirine uyarlamasıyla oluşturulmuştur. Mısır Fatımiler dönemindeLüster çömleklerde kullanılan hayvan motıfleri ve İslam’ın Orta Çağı İran’da yapılan çömleklerin tanınması buaraştırmanın asıl hedefidir. Bu projenin sonucu yapılan resimlerde bazen gerçek ve bazen gerçek dışı hayvanlarınolduğunu gösteriyor ki her biri insan hayatında özel anlamların göstergesidir ve efsanevi ve astronomik anlamlariçerir. Bu kaplarda İslami dönemde 11 ve 12. yüzyılda çömleklerde bir süs unsuru olan eski uygarlıklardan alınmışefsanevi anlamlar taşıyan sfenks grifon ve harpi gibi resimler giderek yaygınlaşıyor Çömlekler üstüne yapılanşahin aslan tavşan ve balık gibi burçların resımleri de İslam’dan önceki döneme aittir ve bu dönemin çömleksanatçılarının kendi sanat eserlerinde süs olarak kullandıkları en sevdiği motifler arasındadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hayvan Çizimleri, Lüster Çömlekleri, İran, Mısır, Orta Çağ

EXPLORING SYMBOLIC ANIMAL MOTIFS OF EGYPTIAN FATIMID LUSTERWARE POTTERY AND POTTERY PRODUCTS OF THE MIDDLE AGES

Öz

Animal sketches are one of the oldest paintings man that man used in his works. These elements and drawings in Egyptian and Iranian pottery art in the Middle Ages were not merely decorative, but also sometimes expressed hope, fear, or resort to a force to fight the dangers of nature and life and sometimes expresses religious beliefs and ancient myths. These values and expressions sometimes make motifs somewhat symbolic and contractual used as message transmissions over the course of history. Muslim artists have reshaped many of the symbolic roles of ancient art and kept them alive by coordinating the elements and motifs of the Islamic period through the Islamic ideology. Many of the remains of the Islamic period are based on symbolic concepts, which reflect and the issues of beliefs. As stated, the most notable animal symbols in the Middle Ages, specifically on the Egyptian Fatimid lusterware pottery, the pottery products of Iran, the rooting of motifs are the theme of this topic. This research has a qualitative and strategic system and its findings have been documented using the adaptation of mythological concepts and observation symbols. The main objective of this research is the recognition and rooting of symbolic animal motifs used in Egyptian Fatimid lusterware pottery and pottery of the Middle Islamic period of Iran. The result of this paper shows that the motifs depicted, have included: real and supernatural animals, each of which represents

Anahtar Kelimeler

Animal Drawings, Lusterware Pottery, Iran, Egypt, Middle Age

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