THE GENDER OF PARAPHERNALIA: WOMAN IN HITTITE RITUALS

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 24, 73 - 90, 01.01.2019

Sevgül Çilingir Cesur

Öz

Ritual is a way of reflecting the collective memory of a society. It creates a language accompanied by performance in the process of questioning and interpreting the problem of existence. This language consists of an integration of the paraphernalia, actions and words. Apart from their functions in daily life, the ritual paraphernalia can refer to a symbol during the performance and capable of making contact with the ritual attendants in terms of its symbolic meaning. Hittite ritual texts were generally written in a systematic manner. However, there is a semantic and symbolic world underlying in this systematic picture. This article aims at investigating the perception of woman by means of the ritual paraphernalia such as GIŠḫueša spindle , GIŠḫulali distaff , TÚGkureššar headdress , GIŠḫapšalli a kind of footstool for women and NAARÁ millstone , which are generally considered as the materials of woman in Hittite magical rituals

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hittite Religion, Ritual, Paraphernalia, Gender, Symbolism

EŞYANIN CİNSİYETİ: HİTİT RİTÜELLERİNDE KADIN

Öz

Ritüel, toplumsal belleğin aynasıdır. İnsanın var oluşunu sorgulama-anlamlandırma sürecine eylemin eşlik ettiği bir dildir ve bu dil nesneler, davranışlar ve sözlerle bir bütündür. Bu bakımdan ritüeldeki her nesne bir sembol özelliği taşır ve kimi zaman ritüel katılımcıları ile söze gerek duymaksızın temsil ettiği anlam üzerinden bir iletişim kurabilir. Hitit ritüel metinleri yapısal olarak oldukça sistemli bir görünüm çizer. Bu düzenli görünümün altında içerik bakımından da muazzam bir anlam dünyası şekillenir. Bu dünyanın içinde, kadına atfedilen bir takım özellikler de mevcuttur. Çalışma, günümüze kadar pek çok araştırmaya konu olmuş Hitit kadınının büyü ritüelleri içindeki temsiline odaklanmaktadır. Ritüel malzemelerinin karşılaştırmalı incelemesinden yola çıkılarak Hitit toplumunda kadın simgeleri tartışılmıştır. Metinlerde, kadını temsil eden eşyalardan GIŠḫueša kirman , GIŠḫulali öreke , TÚGkureššar başörtüsü , GIŠḫapšalli kadınlar için bir çeşit tabure ve NA4ARÁ değirmen taşı bağlamında Hitit kadınına dair toplumsal algının izleri aranmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hitit Dini, Ritüel, Eşya, Cinsiyet, Sembolizm

Kaynakça

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