ARKEOLOJİK VERİLERİN IŞIĞINDA ANADOLU - İRAN ARASINDA OBSİDİYEN DOLAŞIMI

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 25, 11 - 26, 01.03.2019

Bayram Aghalari

Öz

Doğal cam olarak da bilinen Obsidiyen, kolaylıkla yongalanma niteliğinden dolayı ve keskin kenar elde edilmesi için Önasya’nıntarihöncesi toplumları tarafından kullanılmıştır. Öte yandan yatakları sınırlı olan bu hammaddenin kaynağından daha uzak bölgelerdeele geçmesi tarihöncesi uzak mesafeli değiş tokuş ve/veya ticareti ile ilgili önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu makalede eski ve yeni arkeolojik kazılardan elde edilen bilgilere dayanarak günümüz İran sınırları içinde ele geçen Anadolu kökenli obsidiyen buluntuları ışığında söz konusu iki bölge arasindki özelikle Neolitik Dönemde gorulen ilişkiler ele alınmiştir. Anadolu kökenli obsidiyen örnekleri Epi-Paleolitik dönemden itibaren Batı Zagroslar Yukarı Mezopotamya yerleşimlerinden bir kaçında mevcuttur. Günümüz İran sınırları içinde Anadolu kökenli en erken tarihli az sayıdaki obsidiyen buluntuya Orta-Batı İran’daki Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Döneme tarihlenen yerleşimlerde rastlanmıştır. En yoğun obsidiyen aktarımı Çanak Çömlekli Neolitik Dönemde gerçekleşmiştir. Özellikle MÖ 7500-5500 yılları aralığında tüm Batı İran bölgesinde yoğun bir obsidiyen dağıtım ağının olduğu ve dolayısıyla bu iki bölgenin birbiriyle teması ve iletişimi olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Eldeki veriler Geç Neolitik Dönem’de Anadolu ile İran arasında obsidiyen dolaşımının yaygın olduğna işaret etmektedir. Neolitik yerleşimlerindeki obsidiyenler ağırlıklı olarak Bingöl ve Nemrut Dağ kökenli olmakla birlikte az sayıda Kafkasya yataklarından gelen örneklere de rastlanmaktadır. Anadolu kökenli obsidiyenler genellikle Neolitik Dönem yerleşmelerinde, Kafkasya kökenli obsidiyenler ise daha çok Kalkolitik ve Tunç Çağ yerleşmelerinde karşımıza çıkar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neolitik Dönem, Anadolu, İran, Obsidiyen Dolaşımı, Etkileşim

OBSIDIAN CIRCULATION BETWEEN ANATOLIA AND IRAN IN THE LIGHT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDING

Öz

Obsidian as a raw material has had several applications in the prehistoric Near Eastern communities. Due to the limited sources of obsidian, its existence in the areas far from the resources provides archaeologists significant information on obsidian trade and exchange in prehistoric societies. In this paper, obsidians obtained in Iran are investigated using data from new and previous archaeological excavations. Considering the wide range of obsidians found within the borders of Iran originating from Anatolia, this research has been conducted by taking different archaeological and geographical regions in Iran into account including Northwest, West, Southwest, South and the central plateau. Anatolian obsidians have been found in a few sites in western Zagros north Mesopotamia from the Epi-Paleolithic period. However, Anatolian obsidians have emerged the borders of modern Iran during the Early Neolithic period in a limited amount, and then reach their climax in the Late Neolithic period 7500-5500 BC . It seems as if in this interval a wide network of obsidian trade and probably other raw materials has been established in this region, demonstrating a long-distance trade of Anatolian communities with its neighbors, especially in western Iran. Considering all this information, an organized system of obsidian trade is assumed especially active in the Neolithic Period that encompassed most of the Ancient Near East. Most of the obsidians discovered in Iran have their origins in Eastern Anatolia, and a small part belongs to Caucasia. It seems as if obsidian with their origin in Anatolia had been significant mostly during the Neolithic Period, and obsidian originating from Caucasia have been significant mostly during later Periods

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neolithic Period, Anatolia, Iran, Obsidian Circulation, Interaction

Kaynakça

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