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KALAYERI YAŞAM YERİ: DOĞU ANADOLU-KAFKASYA SON KALKOLİTİK GENELEKLERİ

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 25, 63 - 76, 01.03.2019

Öz

Makale, Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti’nin Kabala bölgesi topraklarında bulunan Leylatepe kültürü Kalayeri’nin kazılarının sonuçlarını özetlemektedir. Bu kültürün kökleri, geç kalkolitik dönemdeki Doğu Anadolu gelenekleri ile bağlantılıdır. Kalayeri’de kazılar 400 m2 arsa üzerinde tamamlandı. Kazı alanındaki kültürel katmanın kalınlığı 3 m idi. Binalar standart olmayan kil katmanlarından yapılmıştır. Anakara gömülü yarı sığınaklar keşfedildi. Yarı sığınaklardan biri muhtemelen bir mebet olarak hizmet vermiştir. 20’den fazla keramik kaplarda çocuk gömülü küp mezar ve bir çocuk gömülü katakomb bulundu. Kilin bileşimine göre, keramikler 4 grupta bulunmaktadır. Birinci grup kaplarının çoğu, bitki katkılı kilden yapılmış ve çömlekçi çarkında kalıplanmış halde bulunur. Taş ürünler tahıl rendesi, havaneli, vapur, yanı sıra obsidien ve çakmaktaşı çeşitli araçları ile temsil edilmektedir. Kemik aletler az sayıdadır, iğ ve bızlardan oluşur. Metal işleme ürünleri olarak ingot külçe ve balta kalıpları ilgi çekicidir.

Kaynakça

  • AKKERMANS, P.M. M.G. 1988. The period V pottery. in M.N. van Loon (ed.) // Hammam et-Turkman I. Report on the University of Amsterdam¢s 1981-84 Excavations in Syria I. Nederlands HistorischArcheologisch İnstitut te İstanbul, Pp. 287-350.
  • BRAIDWOOD, R.J., BRAIDWOOD, L.S. 1960 Excavations in the Plain of Antioch. Oriental Institute Publications L.X. University of Chicago Press. Chicago: 691 p.
  • D’ANNA, M.B., GUARINO, P. 2012 Pottery Production and use at Arslantepe Between periods VII and VI A. Evidence for social and economic change // Origini XXIV, Nuova Serie V, pp. 49-67.
  • FRANGIPANE, M. 2009. Non-Urban Hierarchical Patterns of Territorial and Political Organisation in Northern Regions of Greater Mesopotamia: Tepe Gawra and Arslantepe // Subartu XXIII. A propos de Tepe Gawra. Pp.133-146.
  • HELWING, B. 2011 The small finds from Arisman // Early Mining and Metallurgy on the Western Central Iranian Platean (Ed. by A.Vatandoust, H.Parzinger and B. Helwing). Pp. 254- 327.
  • HELWING, B. 2012 The Oylum Höyük western terrace post-Ubaid assemblage and its plase within the late Chalcolithic of Western Asia // Varia Anatolica XXVII. After the Ubaid: interpreting change from the Caucasus to Mesopotamia at the dawn of urban civilization (4500-3500 BC). Ed. by C.Marro. Paris: pp. 205-234.
  • ISMAILZADE, Q. 2008. Azerbaydjan v sisteme rannebronzovoy kulturnoy obşnosti Kavkaza. Baku. “Nafta-Press”, 304 s.
  • KHLOPINA L.I. Keramicheskiye orudiya epoxi bronzı iz Yujnoy Turkmenii // SA, 1975, №1, s. 248-254.
  • KORONEVSKIY, S.N. 1999 Znakovaya keramika Kavkaza epoxi eneolita i ranney bronzi //Drevnosti Severnoqo Kavkaza. M., s. 7-23.
  • MERPERT, N.Y., MUNCHAYEV, R.M. 1982. Poqrebalniy obrad plemen xalafskoy kulturi // Arxeologiya Staroqo I Novoqo Sveta. Moskva. s. 28-49.
  • MERPERT, N.Y., MUNCHAYEV, R.M. Poseleniye ubeydskoy kulturı Yarım-tepe III v Severnoy Mesopotamii //“Sovetskaya Arxeologiya” №4, Moskva, 1982A, s. 133-149.
  • MUNCHAYEV, R.M., AMIROV, SH.N. 2012. Nekotoriye itoqi issledovaniy rossiyskoy ekspedisii v Sirii i problema blijnevostocno-kavkazskix vzaimosvazey v IV-III tıs. do n.e // Sbornik materialov mejdunarodnoy naucnoy konferensii “Rannezemledelceskiye kulturi Kavkaza”. Baku. s. 21-25.
  • MUNCHAYEV, R.M., NECHITAYLO, A.L. 1966 Kompleksi maykopskoy kulturi v Ust-Djequtinskom moqilnike //SA, №3, s. 133-151.
  • MUSAYEV, D. 2006 Serkertepe – poseleniye epoxi ranney bronzi. Baku, “Nafta-Press”, 173 s. 6.
  • MUSEIBLI, N.A. 2005 Pozdnoeneoliticeskiye kurqani Akstafinskoqo rayona /Materiali mejdunarodnoy naucnoy konferensii “Arxeologiya, etnologiya folkloristika Kafkaza”. Baku, “Nurlar”, s. 135-138.
  • MUSEIBLI, N.A. 2012. Mesto leylatepinskoy kulturi v sisteme pozddneeneoliticeskix kompleksov Kavkaza i Blijneqo Vostoka // Sbornik materialov mejdunarodnoy naucnoy konferensii “Rannezemledelceskiye kulturi Kavkaza”. Baku. s. 140-148.
  • MUSEIBLI, N. 2007 Chalcolithic settlement Beyuk Kesik. Baku. “NaftaPress”. 216. P.
  • MUSEIBLI, N. 2014 Metal of Leilatepe culture // Ascension to the crowns of archeology. Collection of materials of “Ancient and medieval states on the territory of Kazakhstan” international scientific conference devoted to the 90th anniversary of K.A. Akishev. Almaty. Pp. 175-192.
  • MUSEIBLI, N. 2015 The Leilatepe Archaeological Culture: Its Near-Eastern Roots and its Place in the Caucasus Chalcolithic.// International Symposium on East Anatolia South Caucasus Cultures. Proceedings I. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Pp. 58-75.
  • MUSEIBLI, N. 2017 Some issues on general features of the Leilatepe culture // Azerbaijan archaeologi and ethnografy. 2016, № 1. Baku. Pp 15-22.
  • NARIMANOV, I.Q. 1985 Obeydskiye plemena Mesopotamii v Azerbaydjane / Vsesoyuznaya arxeologiceskaya konferensiya “Dostijeniya sovetskoy arxeologii v ХI pyatiletke”. Tezisi dokladov. Baku: s. 271-272.
  • OATES, I. 2002 Tell Brak: the 4th millennium sequence and its implications. İraq archaeological reports – 5., pp. 111- 122.
  • SHISHLOV, A.V., KOLPAKOVA, A.V. 2010 Poseleniye Maykopskoy kulturi u stanisi Natuxayevskoy v primorskoy casti severo-zapadnoqo Kavkaza / Doklad na vtoroy mejdunarodniy konqress po arxeoloqii Evrazii, provodimiy v 2010 q. Tire (Turciya): 13 s.
  • TOBLER A.I. 1950 Excavations at Tepe Gawra. Vol. II, Philadelphia: University Museum, 442 p.
  • TRUFELLI, F. 1994 Standardisation, mass production and potters marks in the late chalcolithic poteri of Arslantepe (Malatya). Origini. Roma, Vol. XVIII, pp. 245-289.
  • TRUFELLI, F. 1997. Ceramic correlations and cultural relations in IVth millennium Eastern Anatolia and Siro-Mesopotamia. SMEA 39/1. Pp.5-33.
  • UR, J.A. 2010. The Tell Hamoukar Sarvey, 1999-2001. Oriental İnstitute publication. Volume 137. Chicago. 384 p.

THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 25, 63 - 76, 01.03.2019

Öz

The article summarizes the results of the excavations in the Galayeri settlement of Leilatepe culture, which is located in Gabala district of the Azerbaijan Republic. The roots of this culture are connected with the late Cholcolithic Eastern Anatolian traditions. Excavations were completed in 400 sq/ m area in Galayeri. The thickness of the cultural layer at the excavation site was 3m. The constructions were made of non-standard clay layers. Semidugouts, dug into the subsoil, have been revealed there. One of the semi-dugouts probably served as a sanctuary. More than 20 child burials in ceramic vessels and one catacomb with the child burial have been revealed. The pottery is divided into 4 groups according to the composition of the clay. Most of all, vessels of the first group, made of plant tempered clay and thrown on a potter’s wheel, have been found. Stone products are represented by grain grinders, pestles, graters, as well as numerous obsidian and flint tools. Bone tools are few and consist of spindle whorls and awls. The metalworking items - molds for axes and ingots are of interest

Kaynakça

  • AKKERMANS, P.M. M.G. 1988. The period V pottery. in M.N. van Loon (ed.) // Hammam et-Turkman I. Report on the University of Amsterdam¢s 1981-84 Excavations in Syria I. Nederlands HistorischArcheologisch İnstitut te İstanbul, Pp. 287-350.
  • BRAIDWOOD, R.J., BRAIDWOOD, L.S. 1960 Excavations in the Plain of Antioch. Oriental Institute Publications L.X. University of Chicago Press. Chicago: 691 p.
  • D’ANNA, M.B., GUARINO, P. 2012 Pottery Production and use at Arslantepe Between periods VII and VI A. Evidence for social and economic change // Origini XXIV, Nuova Serie V, pp. 49-67.
  • FRANGIPANE, M. 2009. Non-Urban Hierarchical Patterns of Territorial and Political Organisation in Northern Regions of Greater Mesopotamia: Tepe Gawra and Arslantepe // Subartu XXIII. A propos de Tepe Gawra. Pp.133-146.
  • HELWING, B. 2011 The small finds from Arisman // Early Mining and Metallurgy on the Western Central Iranian Platean (Ed. by A.Vatandoust, H.Parzinger and B. Helwing). Pp. 254- 327.
  • HELWING, B. 2012 The Oylum Höyük western terrace post-Ubaid assemblage and its plase within the late Chalcolithic of Western Asia // Varia Anatolica XXVII. After the Ubaid: interpreting change from the Caucasus to Mesopotamia at the dawn of urban civilization (4500-3500 BC). Ed. by C.Marro. Paris: pp. 205-234.
  • ISMAILZADE, Q. 2008. Azerbaydjan v sisteme rannebronzovoy kulturnoy obşnosti Kavkaza. Baku. “Nafta-Press”, 304 s.
  • KHLOPINA L.I. Keramicheskiye orudiya epoxi bronzı iz Yujnoy Turkmenii // SA, 1975, №1, s. 248-254.
  • KORONEVSKIY, S.N. 1999 Znakovaya keramika Kavkaza epoxi eneolita i ranney bronzi //Drevnosti Severnoqo Kavkaza. M., s. 7-23.
  • MERPERT, N.Y., MUNCHAYEV, R.M. 1982. Poqrebalniy obrad plemen xalafskoy kulturi // Arxeologiya Staroqo I Novoqo Sveta. Moskva. s. 28-49.
  • MERPERT, N.Y., MUNCHAYEV, R.M. Poseleniye ubeydskoy kulturı Yarım-tepe III v Severnoy Mesopotamii //“Sovetskaya Arxeologiya” №4, Moskva, 1982A, s. 133-149.
  • MUNCHAYEV, R.M., AMIROV, SH.N. 2012. Nekotoriye itoqi issledovaniy rossiyskoy ekspedisii v Sirii i problema blijnevostocno-kavkazskix vzaimosvazey v IV-III tıs. do n.e // Sbornik materialov mejdunarodnoy naucnoy konferensii “Rannezemledelceskiye kulturi Kavkaza”. Baku. s. 21-25.
  • MUNCHAYEV, R.M., NECHITAYLO, A.L. 1966 Kompleksi maykopskoy kulturi v Ust-Djequtinskom moqilnike //SA, №3, s. 133-151.
  • MUSAYEV, D. 2006 Serkertepe – poseleniye epoxi ranney bronzi. Baku, “Nafta-Press”, 173 s. 6.
  • MUSEIBLI, N.A. 2005 Pozdnoeneoliticeskiye kurqani Akstafinskoqo rayona /Materiali mejdunarodnoy naucnoy konferensii “Arxeologiya, etnologiya folkloristika Kafkaza”. Baku, “Nurlar”, s. 135-138.
  • MUSEIBLI, N.A. 2012. Mesto leylatepinskoy kulturi v sisteme pozddneeneoliticeskix kompleksov Kavkaza i Blijneqo Vostoka // Sbornik materialov mejdunarodnoy naucnoy konferensii “Rannezemledelceskiye kulturi Kavkaza”. Baku. s. 140-148.
  • MUSEIBLI, N. 2007 Chalcolithic settlement Beyuk Kesik. Baku. “NaftaPress”. 216. P.
  • MUSEIBLI, N. 2014 Metal of Leilatepe culture // Ascension to the crowns of archeology. Collection of materials of “Ancient and medieval states on the territory of Kazakhstan” international scientific conference devoted to the 90th anniversary of K.A. Akishev. Almaty. Pp. 175-192.
  • MUSEIBLI, N. 2015 The Leilatepe Archaeological Culture: Its Near-Eastern Roots and its Place in the Caucasus Chalcolithic.// International Symposium on East Anatolia South Caucasus Cultures. Proceedings I. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Pp. 58-75.
  • MUSEIBLI, N. 2017 Some issues on general features of the Leilatepe culture // Azerbaijan archaeologi and ethnografy. 2016, № 1. Baku. Pp 15-22.
  • NARIMANOV, I.Q. 1985 Obeydskiye plemena Mesopotamii v Azerbaydjane / Vsesoyuznaya arxeologiceskaya konferensiya “Dostijeniya sovetskoy arxeologii v ХI pyatiletke”. Tezisi dokladov. Baku: s. 271-272.
  • OATES, I. 2002 Tell Brak: the 4th millennium sequence and its implications. İraq archaeological reports – 5., pp. 111- 122.
  • SHISHLOV, A.V., KOLPAKOVA, A.V. 2010 Poseleniye Maykopskoy kulturi u stanisi Natuxayevskoy v primorskoy casti severo-zapadnoqo Kavkaza / Doklad na vtoroy mejdunarodniy konqress po arxeoloqii Evrazii, provodimiy v 2010 q. Tire (Turciya): 13 s.
  • TOBLER A.I. 1950 Excavations at Tepe Gawra. Vol. II, Philadelphia: University Museum, 442 p.
  • TRUFELLI, F. 1994 Standardisation, mass production and potters marks in the late chalcolithic poteri of Arslantepe (Malatya). Origini. Roma, Vol. XVIII, pp. 245-289.
  • TRUFELLI, F. 1997. Ceramic correlations and cultural relations in IVth millennium Eastern Anatolia and Siro-Mesopotamia. SMEA 39/1. Pp.5-33.
  • UR, J.A. 2010. The Tell Hamoukar Sarvey, 1999-2001. Oriental İnstitute publication. Volume 137. Chicago. 384 p.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Najaf Museibli Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA Museibli, N. (2019). THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi(25), 63-76.
AMA Museibli N. THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS. TÜBA-AR. Mart 2019;(25):63-76.
Chicago Museibli, Najaf. “THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, sy. 25 (Mart 2019): 63-76.
EndNote Museibli N (01 Mart 2019) THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 25 63–76.
IEEE N. Museibli, “THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS”, TÜBA-AR, sy. 25, ss. 63–76, Mart 2019.
ISNAD Museibli, Najaf. “THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 25 (Mart 2019), 63-76.
JAMA Museibli N. THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS. TÜBA-AR. 2019;:63–76.
MLA Museibli, Najaf. “THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, sy. 25, 2019, ss. 63-76.
Vancouver Museibli N. THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS. TÜBA-AR. 2019(25):63-76.

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