İRAN’DAKİ SELÇUKLU ŞEHİRLERİNİN MEKANSAL YAPISININ İNCELENMESİ VE ANALİZİ, ÖRNEK: REY ŞEHRİ

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 28, 211 - 224, 14.09.2021

Mohsen Saadatı Javad Neyestanı Seyed Mehdi Mousavı Kouhpar Alireza Hejebtı Nobarı

https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2021.28.011

Öz

Sasani dönemi şehirlerinin mekansal organizasyonu, kohandej (kale kent), şehristan (açık kent) ve rabaz (dış odaklı
büyüme) bölümlerini içerir ki önemli siyasi, dini ve sosyal alanlar kohandej kısmında yer alır. İslami dönemde de
kentsel mekân organizasyonu eski çağlarda olduğu gibi kohandej, şehristan ve rabaz bölümlerinden oluşmakla birlikte,
tarihi metinlere göre, bazı nedenlerle kohandej'in gücü azalmış ve rabaz ve şehristan şehrin siyasi, dini, ekonomik ve
sosyal merkezi haline gelmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Selçuklu dönemi boyunca Rey’in tarihi dokusunun, şehrin
mekânsal organizasyonu ve tarihi metinler ile arkeolojik verilere dayalı toplumsal düzey değişiklikleri yardımıyla
anlaşılmasıdır. Bu saptamalar sonucunda ortaya bazı önemli sorular çıkmaktadır: Selçuklu dönemindeki Rey kentinin
mekân organizasyonunda kohandej, rabaz ve şehristanın rolü nedir? Bu mekân organizasyonu ile önceki dönemler
arasındaki fark nedir? Sonuç olarak Rey şehrinin Selçuklu dönemindeki tarihi dokusunun, önceki dönemlerin
kentleşme tarzına göre yeni bir şekle sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Arkeolojik kanıtlar, İslam döneminin başlarında,
özellikle Selçuklu döneminde, rabaz ve şehristan bölümlerinin geliştiğini ve büyüdüğünü göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ray, Selçuklu dönemi, mekan organizasyonu, kentsel yapı.

REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF SELJUK CITIES IN IRAN, CASE STUDY: CITY OF REY

Öz

The spatial organization of cities during the Sassanid period includes three parts called Kohandezh, Shārestan, and
Rabaz that the important political, religious and social sectors were located in Kohandezh. In the Islamic period,
although the organization of urban space, has the same three parts of Kohandezh, Shārestan and Rabaz like the
ancient era, according to historical texts, during this period the power of Kohandezh diminished due to some reasons,
and Rabaz and Shārestan became the political, religious, economic and social center of the city. The purpose of the
present research is to recognize the historical texture of Rey during the Seljuk period by spatial organization of the
city and social level changes based on historical texts and archaeological data. Accordingly, some important questions
are raised here: What is the role of Kohandezh, Rabaz, and Shārestan in the organization of urban space during the
Seljuk period of Rey? How did this structure differ from the previous periods? As a result, it was revealed that the
historical texture of Rey during the Seljuk period took a new form compared to the urbanization style of the previous
eras. Archaeological data indicate that during the early Islamic era, especially the Seljuk period, the Rabaz and
Shārestan sections boomed and expanded.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rey, Seljuk Period, Spatial Organization, Urban Texture

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