Effects of Black and Clear Mulches Treatments on Lateral Branching, Morphological and Fruit Characteristics of Prunus avium cv. “Sweet Heart”

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 12, 27.10.2022

Murat Şahin Ahmet Eşitken Lütfi Pırlak

Öz

In this study, the effects of mulch treatments on branching and fruit characteristics of sweet cherry cv. Sweet Heart treated with perlan (GA4+7+BA) were investigated. Sweet Heart seedlings grafted on “Mazzard rootstock”. Grafted trees were planted as 3 replicates and 8 saplings per replicate. Mulch materials were applied at the end of March and perlan was applied when the average plant height reached 50 cm. The data were collected in November 2013 (tree and branch characteristics), June 2015 (fruit characteristics), and April 2016 (Number of flowers). Plant height, stem diameter, the height of the first branch, lateral branch numbers, lengths, diameters, and angles, yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit-bearing tree rate, fruit diameter, and the number of flowers per plant were investigated. Statistically significant results were observed for all parameters evaluated. Black mulch (BM) treatment was found as the most effective on all traits except the number of flowers per plant. As a result of the BM treatment, lateral branches per plant (1.71), branch angle (48.50o), branch length (27.23 cm), and branch diameter (6.73 mm) values were obtained. Also, fruit weight per plant (79.77 g), number of fruits per plant (11.80), fruit diameter (23.38 mm), and fruit-bearing tree rate (6/7) were obtained in BM treatment. Nevertheless, the maximum number of flowers (83.67) per plant was observed on clear mulch (CM) treatment in the second year. Based on the observations, well-developed lateral branch formation caused by BM treatment may be useful for nursery tree producers. Also, BM-treated trees had the highest fruit yield per plant for the first fruit year, while CM provided the highest fruit yield in the second year.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cherry, black mulch, clear mulch, syllepsis, apical dominance

Siyah ve şeffaf malçın Sweet Heart kiraz (Prunus avium) çeşidinde yan dallanma, morfolojik ve pomolojik özellikler üzerine etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, perlan (GA4+7+BA) uygulanmış Sweet heart kiraz çeşidinde malç uygulamalarının dallanma ve meyve özellikleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Mazzard anacı üzerine aşılanmış Sweet Heart kiraz çeşidi kullanılmış ve aşılı fidanlar 3 tekerrürlü ve tekerrürde 8 bitki olacak şekilde dikilmiştir. Mart ayı içinde malç uygulamaları yapılmış ve aşı sürgünü uzunluğu 50 cm'yi aşınca Perlan uygulanmıştır. Kasım 2013’te morfolojik, Haziran 2015’te pomolojik ve Nisan 2016’da çiçek sayısı özellikleri alınmıştır. Çalışmada bitki boyu (BB), gövde çapı (GÇ), ilk dal yüksekliği (İDY), yan dal sayısı (YDS), yan dal uzunluğu (YDU), yan dal çapı (YDÇ), yan dal açısı (YDA), bitki başına meyve verimi (BBMV), bitki başına meyve sayısı (BBMS), meyve veren bitki oranı (MVBO), meyve çapı (MÇ) ve çiçek sayısı (ÇS) incelenmiştir. Siyah malç (SM) uygulaması çiçek sayısı dışındaki tüm parametrelerde en etkili uygulama olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. SM uygulaması ile 1.71 adet YDS, 48.5o YDA, 27.23 cm YDU, 6.73 mm YDÇ, 79.77 g BBMV, 11.80 adet BBMS, 23.38 mm MÇ ve 6/7 oranında MVBO sağlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, en yüksek ÇS (83.67 adet) şeffaf malç (ŞM) uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, SM uygulaması oluşturduğu iyi gelişmiş yan dallar sebebiyle üreticilerine tavsiye edilebilir. Ayrıca, ilk meyve yılında bitki başına en yüksek verim SM uygulamasından elde edilmişken, ikinci meyve yılında ŞM uygulaması en fazla sayıda çiçeği meydana getirmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kiraz, siyah malç, şeffaf malç, silepsis, tepe tomurcuğu hâkimiyeti

Kaynakça

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