Hakkari Avalanche Hazard Map Creation Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Parameter Scoring Method

Öz

Loss of life, injury and material losses are experienced due to avalanche, which is a natural disaster that occurs almost every year in our country. Due to climatic conditions and topographic factors, many avalanches have occurred in Hakkari from past to present and have caused serious losses to the local people. Considering the recorded avalanche cases, Hakkari province is one of the provinces that experienced 52 avalanche disasters throughout the country. Determining and processing the weight values of the parameters of the disaster type according to the work area is of vital importance in terms of understanding the danger dimension. Slope, elevation, aspect, land use and curvature parameters that cause avalanche formation were taken as basis in this study. Land use was obtained from CORINE–CLC-2012 data and slope, aspect and curvature maps were obtained from Digital Elevation Model. In this study, the Avalanche hazard of Hakkari Province, which has a surface area of 7,095 〖km〗^2 , was revealed with the subjective scoring method. When the hazard map is examined, it is seen that there is a high rate of avalanche paths that will affect the settlements. These areas are especially in the south of Hakkari Province and between Hakkari Province and Şemdinli District. In this sense, in this study, it is aimed to evaluate possible risks that may occur in the future, to reduce them, to form a base for taking preventive measures and to guide decision makers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avalanche
• GIS
• Hakkâri
• Hazard
• Scoring

Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) ve Parametre Puanlama Yöntemi İle Hakkâri İli Çığ Tehlike Haritasının Oluşturulması

Öz

Ülkemizde meydana gelen doğa kaynaklı bir afet olan çığdan dolayı can ve mal kayıpları yaşanabilmektedir. İklimsel koşullar ve topoğrafik etmenlerden ötürü Hakkâri İlinde geçmişten günümüze birçok çığ olayı yaşanmış ve yöre halkına ciddi kayıplar yaşatmıştır. Kaydedilen çığ vakaları dikkate alındığında Hakkâri İli 52 çığ afetine maruz kalarak ülke çapında bu afeti en fazla yaşayan illerden birisidir. Afet türüne ait parametrelerin ağırlık değerlerinin literatür verilerine göre belirlenmesi ve işlenmesi tehlike boyutunun anlaşılması açısından hayati öneme sahiptir. Çığ oluşumuna neden olan eğim, yükseklik, bakı, arazi kullanımı ve eğrisellik parametreleri bu çalışmada esas alınmıştır. Arazi kullanımı CORİNE–CLC-2012 verilerinden, eğim, bakı ve eğrisellik haritaları ise sayısal yükseklik modelinden elde edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada puanlama yöntemi ile 7.095 〖km〗^2 yüzölçümüne sahip olan Hakkâri İlinin çığ tehlikesi ortaya konulmuştur. Tehlike haritasına bakıldığında yerleşim birimlerini etkileyecek çığ patikalarının yüksek oranda olduğu görülmüştür. Bu alanlar özellikle Hakkâri İlinin güneyi ve Hakkâri İli ile Şemdinli ilçesi arasındadır. Bu anlamda gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada gelecekte oluşması muhtemel risklerin değerlendirilebilmesi, azaltılması, önleyici tedbirlerin alınması için bir altlık oluşturması ve karar vericileri yönlendirmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çığ
• CBS
• Hakkari
• Tehlike
• Puanlama

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