Yaşlı Bireylerde Ayak Bakım Davranışlarının Belirleyicileri Olarak Diyabet Yükü ve Öz-Etkililik Düzeyleri: Tanımlayıcı Karşılaştırmalı Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, diyabetik ayak ülseri olan ve olmayan yaşlı bireylerin ayak bakım davranışlarını, diyabet yükünü ve öz-etkililik düzeylerini belirlemek ve ayak bakım davranışlarını etkileyen belirleyicileri incelemek amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı ve karşılaştırmalı çalışmaya diyabetik ayak ülseri olan 115 ve diyabetik ayak ülseri olmayan 115 yaşlı birey dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde Mann Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Diyabetik ayak ülseri olan yaşlı bireylerde okuryazar olmak (β=0,674), ilde yaşamak (β=0,549), diyabet diyetine uymamak (β=0,408), kronik hastalık sayısının dört olması (β=0,838), insülin kullanmak (β =0,761), kan şekerini ölçmemek (β=0,398), yılda bir ve daha fazla doktora gitmek (β=0,573), son bir yıl içinde şeker hastalığı komplikasyonları nedeniyle hastaneye yatmamak (β =0,789), öz-etkililik toplam puanı (β=0,832) ve alt boyutları, diyabet yükü toplam puanı (β=0,838) ve alt boyutları ayak bakım davranışlarının yordayıcılarıdır (p<0,001). Diyabetik ayak ülseri olmayan yaşlı bireylerde ise okuryazar olmak (β=0,745), diyabet diyetine uymamak (β=0,823), düzenli fiziksel egzersiz yapmamak (β=0,736), öz-etkililik (β=0,801) ve alt boyutları, diyabet yükü düzeyleri (β=0,817) ve alt boyutları ayak bakım davranışlarının yordayıcılarıdır (p<0,001). Sonuç: Diyabetik ayak ülseri olmayan yaşlı bireylerin ayak bakımı davranışları kötüdür. Yaşlı bireylerin diyabet yükü ve öz-etkililik düzeyleri ayak bakım davranışlarını yordamada bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu sonuç doğrultusunda yaşlı bireylerin öz-yeterlik düzeylerinin artırılması hastalık yükünü azaltabilir. Aynı zamanda ayak bakım davranışlarını da olumlu yönde etkileyebilir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tip 2 diyabet
• Diyabet yükü
• Ayak bakım davranışı
• Yaşlı birey

Diabetes Burden and Self-Efficacy Levels As Determinants of Foot Care Behaviors in Older Adults: Descriptive Comparative Study

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to determine foot care behaviors, diabetes burden, and self-efficacy levels of older adults with and without diabetic foot ulcer and to examine the determinants affecting their foot care behaviors. Material and Methods: This descriptive comparative study was included 115 older adults with diabetic foot and 115 older adults without diabetic foot. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t test, one way anova, mann whitney u, kruskal wallis test and multiple regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Results: Being literate (β=0.674), living in a city (β=0.549), not complying with the diabetes diet (β=0.408), having four chronic diseases (β=0.838), using insulin (β =0.761), not measuring blood glucose level (β=0.398), visiting a doctor once a year or more (β=0.573), not being hospitalized due to diabetes complications in the last year (β =0,789), mean scores for the overall Self-Efficacy Scale (β=0.832) and its subdimensions, mean scores for the overall Elderly Burden Diabetes Scale (β=0.838) and its subdimensions (p<0.001). Being literate (β=0.745), not complying with diabetes diet (β=0.823), not doing regular physical exercise (β=0.736), mean scores for the overall Self-Efficacy Scale (β = 0.801) and its subdimensions, mean scores for the overall Elderly Burden Diabetes Scale (β=0.817) and its subdimensions were predictors of foot care behaviors of the older adults without diabetic foot ulcer (p<0.001). Conclusion: Older adults without diabetic foot ulcer displayed poor foot care behaviors. It was determined that the diabetes burden and self-efficacy levels of older adults had a effect on predicting foot care behaviors. In line with this result, increasing the self-efficacy level of older adults may reduce the burden of disease. It may also positively affect foot care behaviors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Type 2 diabetes
• Diabetes burden
• Foot care behaviour
• Older adults
• Self-efficacy

Kaynakça

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