Association of Fast Food Consumption with Diet Quality and Obesity in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study

Öz

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate relationships between the “fast food” consumption of adults and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and the Mediterranean Dietary Adherence Scale (PREDIMED), which we use to determine the dietary quality of individuals.. Material and Methods: A total of 400 adults between the ages of 19-64 living in Ankara were included in the study. The data were collected face to face with a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional habits, anthropometric measurements, PREDIMED, International Physical Activity Scale (IPAQ) and food intake record. A 24-hour consumption record was taken to determine nutritional status. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was used to determine diet quality. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t test, One Way Anova, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis test and linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Results: 63.7% of the participants are female, 36.3% are male. It was determined that 56.3% of the individuals consumed fast food, and the average fast food consumption frequency was 3.7±1.5 weeks. While 30.5% of adult individuals were overweight/obese, it was determined that 85.0% of them did light physical activity. The average saturated fat and monounsaturated fat intakes of individuals who consume fast food are higher than those who do not (p<0.05). It was determined that individuals who consume fast food adhere to the Mediterranean diet lower than those who do not. The PREDIMED and HEI scores of individuals consuming fast food were -1,04 ± 0.18 95% CI (-1.39, -0.68) and -13.36±0.93 95% CI -15.2, -11.2), respectively. An negative relationship was found between fast food consumption and BMI and physical activity level, and this relationship was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Participants who regularly consumed fast food had lower both diet quality scores than those who did not. In order to improve the diet quality of individuals, the fast food industry needs to take initiatives such as reducing portion sizes, reducing fat and sugar content, and increasing fiber.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fast food
• Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale
• Healthy Eating Index -2015
• adult participants

Yetişkin Bireylerde “Fast Food” Tüketiminin Diyet Kalitesi ve Obezite ile İlişkisi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, yetişkinlerin “fast food” tüketimi ile bireylerin diyet kalitelerini belirlemek amacıyla kullandığımız Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi (HEI)-2015 ve Akdeniz Diyet Kalite İndeksi (PREDIMED) arasındaki ilişkileri değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ankara’da yaşayan 19-64 yaş aralığındaki yetişkin 400 birey dahil edilmiştir. Veriler bireylerin sosyodemografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, antropometrik ölçümleri, PREDIMED, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği (IPAQ) ve besin tüketim kaydı sorularından oluşan anket formu ile yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Beslenme durumlarının tespiti için 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı alınmıştır. Diyet kalitesini belirlemek için Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi -2015 (SYİ-2015) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ki-kare testi, t testi, One Way Anova, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis testi ve linear regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %63,7’si kadın, %36,3’ü erkektir. Bireylerin %56,3’ünün “fast food” tükettiği, ortalama “fast food” tüketim sıklığının 3,7±1,5 hafta olduğu saptanmıştır. Yetişkin bireylerin %30,5’i fazla kilolu/obez iken, %85,0’inin hafif fiziksel aktivite yaptığı belirlenmiştir. “Fast food” tüketen bireylerin ortalama doymuş yağ ve tekli doymamış yağ alımları tüketmeyenlere kıyasla daha fazladır (p<0,05). “Fast food” tüketen bireyler tüketmeyenlere kıyasla Akdeniz diyetine uyumları daha düşüktür. “Fast food” tüketen bireylerin PREDIMED ve HEI skoru sırasıyla-1.04 ± 0.18 (95% CI -1,39, -0,68) ve -13,36±0,93 (95% CI -15,2, -11,2) olup, daha düşük olarak saptanmıştır. “Fast food” tüketimi ile BKİ ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyi arasında negatif ilişki olduğu saptanmış ve bu ilişki istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Düzenli “fast food” tüketen katılımcılarda her iki diyet kalite skoru tüketmeyenlere kıyasla daha düşük bulunmuştur. Bireylerin diyet kalitelerini iyileştirmek için “fast food” endüstrisinin porsiyon boyutlarını küçültmek, yağ ve şeker içeriğini azaltmak ve posayı artırmak gibi girişimlerde bulunması gerekmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fast food
• Akdeniz Diyeti
• Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi
• Yetişkin bireyler

Teşekkür

Çalışmaya katılan yetişkin bireylere teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

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