İrisin Hormonunun Sağlık ve Enerji Homeostazı Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Obezite; kardiyovasküler hastalık, tip-2 diyabetes mellitus, belirli kanser türlerinin görülme sıklığında artış ve solunum komplikasyonlarıyla ilişkili, prevelansı günden güne artan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Obezitenin yönetiminde adipoz doku ve kas dokusu önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Kaslardan, adipoz dokudan ve çeşitli doku ve organlardan salınan bir miyokin olan irisin, egzersizle stimüle edilen bir hormondur. Literatür incelemesinde, PubMed, Science Direct ve Google Akademik veri tabanları taranarak, irisin hormonunun yapısı, salınımı, enerji metabolizmasındaki rolü ve obezite üzerindeki etkileri kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. İrisin, henüz tam olarak keşfedilmeyen bir proteaz tarafından, bir hücre zarı proteini olan FNDC5’in C-terminal kısmının proteolizinin ardından meydana gelerek sirkülatuar sisteme dahil olur. Miyositler tarafından salınan irisin, 12 kDa büyüklüğünde ve 112 aminoasitten oluşmaktadır. İrisin, mitokondri biyogenezini ve uncoupling protein-1 ekspresyonunu artırarak enerji metabolizması üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir, böylece beyaz adipoz dokunun kahverengi adipoz dokuya dönüşümünü ve termojenezi artırmaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak da enerji harcaması önemli ölçüde artar. Bu etkisiyle irisinin, obezitenin tedavisi açısından faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ancak irisin hormonunun çeşitli doku ve organlardaki işlevleri, bu işlevlerdeki görevli reseptörler ve hastalıklar üzerindeki etkileri henüz bulunamamıştır. Bu sebeple enerji metabolizmasının regülasyonu ve obezitenin önlenmesi için umut vaat eden bir hormon olan irisin hakkında daha fazla araştırmanın yapılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enerji homeostazı
• İrisin
• Obezite

Effects of Irisin Hormone on Health and Energy Homeostasis

Öz

Obesity is a significant public health issue with a growing prevalence linked to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, an increased incidence of certain types of cancer, and respiratory complications. Adipose tissue and muscle tissue play important roles in the management of obesity. Irisin, a myokine released from muscles, adipose tissue, and various tissues and organs, is a hormone that is stimulated by exercise. In the literature search, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched and the structure, release, role in energy metabolism and effects on obesity of irisin hormone were analysed comprehensively. Irisin is incorporated into the circulatory system following the proteolysis of the C-terminal part of FNDC5, a cell membrane protein, by a protease that is yet to be discovered. Released by myocytes, irisin is 12 kDa in size and consists of 112 amino acids. Irisin has a significant effect on energy metabolism by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and uncoupling protein-1 expression, thereby enhancing the conversion of white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue and promoting thermogenesis. As a result, energy expenditure increases significantly. Due to this effect, it is thought that irisin may be beneficial for the treatment of obesity. However, the functions of the irisin hormone in various tissues and organs, the receptors involved in these functions, and its effects on diseases have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, further research on irisin, a promising hormone for regulating energy metabolism and preventing obesity, is warranted.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Energy homeostasis
• Irisin
• Obesity

Kaynakça

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